1. A Device Agnostic Approach to Predict Children's Activity from Consumer Wearable Accelerometer Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
- Author
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WEAVER, R. GLENN, WHITE, JAMES, FINNEGAN, OLIVIA, NELAKUDITI, SRIHARI, ZHU, XUANXUAN, BURKART, SARAH, BEETS, MICHAEL, BROWN, TREY, PATE, RUSS, WELK, GREGORY J., DE ZAMBOTTI, MASSIMILIANO, GHOSAL, RAHUL, WANG, YUAN, ARMSTRONG, BRIDGET, ADAMS, ELIZABETH L., REESOR-OYER, LAYTON, PFLEDDERER, CHRISTOPHER D., BASTYR, MEGHAN, VON KLINGGRAEFF, LAUREN, and PARKER, HANNAH
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CONFIDENCE intervals , *WEARABLE technology , *ACCELEROMETRY , *PHYSICAL activity , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *EXERCISE intensity , *RESEARCH funding , *PREDICTIVE validity , *SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) , *WRIST , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Introduction: This study examined the potential of a device agnostic approach for predicting physical activity from consumer wearable accelerometry compared with a research-grade accelerometry. Methods: Seventy-five 5- to 12-year-olds (58% male, 63% White) participated in a 60-min protocol. Children wore wrist-placed consumer wearables (Apple Watch Series 7 and Garmin Vivoactive 4) and a research-grade device (ActiGraph GT9X) concurrently with an indirect calorimeter (COSMED K5). Activity intensities (i.e., inactive, light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) were estimated via indirect calorimetry (criterion), and the Hildebrand thresholds were applied to the raw accelerometer data from the consumer wearables and research-grade device. Epoch-by-epoch (e.g., weighted sensitivity, specificity) and discrepancy (e.g., mean bias, absolute error) analyses evaluated agreement between accelerometry-derived and criterion estimates. Equivalence testing evaluated the equivalence of estimates produced by the consumer wearables and ActiGraph. Results: Estimates produced by the raw accelerometry data from ActiGraph, Apple, and Garmin produced similar criterion agreement with weighted sensitivity = 68.2% (95% confidence interval (CI), 67.1%–69.3%), 73.0% (95% CI, 71.8%–74.3%), and 66.6% (95% CI, 65.7%–67.5%), respectively, and weighted specificity = 84.4% (95% CI, 83.6%–85.2%), 82.0% (95% CI, 80.6%–83.4%), and 75.3% (95% CI, 74.7%–75.9%), respectively. Apple Watch produced the lowest mean bias (inactive, −4.0 ± 4.5; light activity, 2.1 ± 4.0) and absolute error (inactive, 4.9 ± 3.4; light activity, 3.6 ± 2.7) for inactive and light physical activity minutes. For moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ActiGraph produced the lowest mean bias (1.0 ± 2.9) and absolute error (2.8 ± 2.4). No ActiGraph and consumer wearable device estimates were statistically significantly equivalent. Conclusions: Raw accelerometry estimated inactive and light activity from wrist-placed consumer wearables performed similarly to, if not better than, a research-grade device, when compared with indirect calorimetry. This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of device-agnostic methods for quantifying physical activity intensity via consumer wearables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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