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The article focuses on the integration of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) for detecting accuracy of fat mass from fat-freem mass among individuals in Great Britain. It stresses that such DXA uses a total-body scanner that highlights the calculation of percent body fat (%BF) through dividing fat soft-tissue mass with entire body mass and the application of the software supplied by the manufacturer. Further, it reveals that such BIA is a double indirect method that measures body fat through proper estimation of the total body water and then conversion of %BF through the prediction equation.

INTRODUCTION: Celiac disease (CD) affects 1% of the population. Its effect on healthcare cost, however, is barely understood. We estimated healthcare use and cost in CD, including their temporal relationship to diagnosis. METHODS: Through biopsy reports from Sweden's 28 pathology departments, we identified 40,951 prevalent patients with CD (villous atrophy) as of January 1, 2015, and 15,086 incident patients with CD diagnosed in 2008-2015, including 2,663 who underwent a follow-up biopsy to document mucosal healing. Each patient was compared with age- and sex-matched general population comparators (n 5 187,542). Using nationwide health registers, we retrieved data on all inpatient and nonprimary outpatient care, prescribed diets, and drugs. RESULTS: Compared with comparators, healthcare costs in 2015 were, on average, $1,075 (95% confidence interval, $864-1,278) higher in prevalent patients with CD aged <18 years, $715 ($632-803) in ages 18-64 years, and $1,010 ($799-1,230) in ages 65 years. Half of all costs were attributed to 5% of the prevalent patients. Annual healthcare costswere $391 higher 5 years before diagnosis and increased until 1 year after diagnosis; costs then declined but remained 75% higher than those of comparators 5 years postdiagnosis (annual difference5$1,044). Although hospitalizations, nonprimary outpatient visits, and medication use were all more common with CD, excess costs were largely unrelated to the prescription of gluten-free staples and follow-up visits for CD. Mucosal healing in CD did not reduce the healthcare costs. DISCUSSION: The use and costs of health care are increased in CD, not only before, but for years after diagnosis. Mucosal healing does not seem to lower the healthcare costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Associations of obesity with incidence of heart failure have been observed, but the causality is uncertain. We hypothesized that gastric bypass surgery leads to a lower incidence of heart failure compared with intensive lifestyle modification in obese people.Methods: We included obese people without previous heart failure from a Swedish nationwide registry of people treated with a structured intensive lifestyle program and the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. All analyses used inverse probability weights based on baseline body mass index and a propensity score estimated from baseline variables. Treatment groups were well balanced in terms of weight, body mass index, and most potential confounders. Associations of treatment with heart failure incidence, as defined in the National Patient Register, were analyzed with Cox regression.Results: The 25 804 gastric bypass surgery patients had on average lost 18.8 kg more weight after 1 year and 22.6 kg more after 2 years than the 13 701 lifestyle modification patients. During a median of 4.1 years, surgery patients had lower heart failure incidence than lifestyle modification patients (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.82). A 10-kg achieved weight loss after 1 year was related to a hazard ratio for heart failure of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.97) in both treatment groups combined. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: Gastric bypass surgery was associated with approximately one half the incidence of heart failure compared with intensive lifestyle modification in this study of 2 large nationwide registries. We also observed a graded association between increasing weight loss and decreasing risk of heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]