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Fog Computing paradigm that provisions low-latency computing services at the edge network, is a bonanza for supply chain computing resources in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In different scenarios such as smart homes/healthcare systems, multiple IoT applications are distributed simultaneously in cloud and fog nodes to provide different IoT-based services. In addition, each program requires resources and has its desired quality of service (QoS) which should be met. One of the key challenges in fog computing environment is how to efficiently allocate resources to IoT applications because inefficient resource allocation leads to burdening providers high costs and it lowers down the delivered QoS to users. Since the majority of IoT applications are time-sensitive, the low delay and near physically allocated resources improve the amount of delivered QoS. Therefore, the resource clustering algorithms with the lowest distance error rate and the lowest delay as a consequence are favorable. The aim is to reduce clustering errors and improve the overall performance of the system. This paper formulates resource allocation to IoT applications in heterogeneous 4-layered fog platforms to an optimization problem. To solve this problem, a fusion approach incorporating a genetic algorithm (GA) and the k-means clustering approach is presented. Firstly, it utilizes the k-means approach and Jaccard measurement to cluster fog nodes with a minimum clustering rate. Then, the resources of fog clusters are allocated to IoT devices with the minimum error rate by incorporating GA algorithm. This selection of processing nodes in a fog layer helps to minimize latency and allows applications to access resources simultaneously. The simulation results in extensive scenarios prove the superiority of the proposed algorithm against other successful meta-heuristic approaches in terms of the objective function and lowest error/delay rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the spread of cloud computing devices in all commercial, industrial and agricultural sectors. The use of cloud computing environment services is increasing exponentially with all technology applications based on IoT. Fog computing has led to addressing issues in cloud computing environments. Fog computing reduces load balancing, processing, bandwidth, and storage as data file replication from the cloud to the network closest to sensors in different geographic locations. There are three critical issues:—what data should be replicated?—when should the data be replicated? and—where the new replicas should be placed? These three main open questions must be tackled for data replication in the cloud environments. This strategy, the identification and mode of the data replication problem are designed as a multi-objective optimization with modern meta-heuristic optimization method. Therefore, a new hybrid method using Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) and the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a new hybrid metaheuristic method, using the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) and the salp swarm algorithm (SSA), is proposed to handle the problem of selection and placement data replication in fog computing. Secondly, the Floyd algorithm is used to strategy the least cost path, distance, and data transmission in different geographic locations. The performance of the designed AOASSA strategy to tackling the data replication problem is evaluated using different datasets of different sizes. To validate the AOASSA strategy, a set of experiments was carried out to validate the proposed strategy AOASSA. Experiment results show the superiority of AOASSA over its competitors in terms of performance measures, such as least cost path, distance, and bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]