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Background: Calcified pseudotumours (CPTs) are rarely found in the central nervous system (CNS). Information on supratentorial CPT is limited. We add our experience treating three supratentorial CPTs. Clinical presentation, pathological findings and clinical course are discussed, and a literature review is provided. Method: Between September 2011 and December 2012, three patients (age range 33-60 years) were diagnosed with symptomatic supratentorial CPTs, for which they underwent resection. Their clinical, radiological, and surgical data were retrospectively retrieved from their medical records and reported. Results: Symptoms at presentation included headache ( n = 1), blurred vision ( n = 1), and cognitive decline ( n = 1). One tumour was in the left frontal lobe very close to the convexity surface, and the other two were in the midline adjacent to the corpus callosum. Radiological features included a calcified mass on computerised tomography ( n = 3), a hypointense ( n = 2) or hyperintense ( n = 1) signal on T2 and a rim of enhancement with some non-homogenous lesional enhancement on T1-gadolinium (Gd) sequences on magnetic resonance imaging ( n = 2). Two patients underwent gross total resection and had an uneventful postoperative course. The third underwent partial removal due to the tumour's adherence to adjacent vascular structures and suffered postoperative complications. On pathology, all lesions had low cellularity fibrovascular tissue mixed with lobules of a haematoxylinophilic, chondromyxoid-like matrix surrounded at its periphery by a variable layer of palisading spindle, epithelioid or multinucleated giant cells. All three CPTs had focal inflammatory infiltrates and variable degrees of metaplastic calcification and ossification. Conclusions: Surgical removal is recommended for benign intracranial CPTs that are symptomatic, are associated with brain oedema, or show tumour growth. Stable and asymptomatic CPTs can be followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cavernous angiomas (CA) are congenital intraparenchymal vascular malformations that contain sinusoidal spaces lined by a single-layer endothelium, separated by collagenous stroma with no intervening brain parenchyma. Despite the congenital origin of CA, they rarely present in the neonatal and prenatal period. In this paper, we present a case report of a neonatal suprasellar CA that presented with a bleed. We also present a literature review focusing on specific features of intracranial CA in the neonatal and fetal age groups. Case report: A 27-day-old neonate presented with a left eye ptosis for 2 days, followed by a generalized seizure. A head computed tomography revealed a suprasellar hematoma with intraventricular and subarachnoid extension. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed hemorrhages of various ages. Magnetic resonance angiography did not reveal any vascular malformation. Surgical exploration of the suprasellar mass revealed a capsulated dense hematoma. Postoperatively, the neonate was weaned of artificial ventilation over a protracted period and remained hemiparetic with signs of third nerve palsy. Pathology revealed a CA. CA presenting as a suprasellar bleed with subarachnoid and intraventricular extension is very rare especially among neonates. To the best of our knowledge, 20 cases of CA have been reported in the neonatal and fetal period in the English literature. Summary: Neonatal CA in general and suprasellar location in particular are extremely rare lesions. Neonatal/fetal CA seems to present more aggressively and have a worse prognosis compared to those presenting at a later age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distribution networks are evolving to become more responsive with increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and digital transformation at the grid edges. This evolution imposes many challenges to the operation of the network, which then calls for new control and operation paradigms. Among others, a so-called grid-edge control is emerging to harmonise the coexistence of the grid control system and DER's autonomous control. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the grid-edge control with various control architectures, layers, and strategies. The challenges and opportunities for such an approach at the grid edge with the integration of DERs and digital transformation are summarised. The potential solutions to support the network operation by using the inherent controllability of DER and the availability of the digital transformation at the grid edges are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which reported the case of acne in an adolescent with a history of asymptomatic facial skin lesions since childhood. Results of the skin and physical examination of the patient; Details on lipoid proteinosis or Urbach-Wiethe disease.

We describe an Israeli Jewish Moroccan family presenting with autosomal dominant seborrhea-like dermatosis with psoriasiform elements, including enhanced keratinocyte proliferation, parakeratosis, follicular plugging, Pityrosporum ovale overgrowth and dermal CD4 lymphocyte infiltrate. We mapped the disease gene to a 0.5-cM region overlapping the PSORS2 locus (17q25) and identified a frameshift mutation in ZNF750, which encodes a putative C2H2 zinc finger protein. ZNF750 is normally expressed in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts and is barely detectable in CD4 lymphocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]