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Having defended the bodily integrity of the disabled, Kenny intentionally moves on to "crip" the church in order to establish a disability justice ethos beyond mere-inclusion or accessibility (pg. 132-137). My Body is Not a Prayer Request: Disability Justice in the Church: Amy Kenny. I My Body is Not a Prayer Request i by Amy Kenny is an important contribution to the growing field of literature that explores disability justice concerns within the church. [Extracted from the article]

This article refers to: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nathan John and David Deuel, Disability in Mission: The Church's Hidden Treasure. (Peabody, Publishers Massachusetts: John Hendrickson, 2019). 167 pp. Paper, $19.95. We, the Author, Editors and Publisher of Journal of Disability & Religion, have retracted the following book review: Sunil Kathramalla (2021) Nathan John and David Deuel, Disability in Mission: The Church's Hidden Treasure. (Peabody, Publishers Massachusetts: John Hendrickson, 2019). 167 pp. Paper, $19.95., Journal of Disability & Religion, DOI: 10.1080/23312521.2021.1901639 The book review was mistakenly published as a duplicate of the below book reviews by the same author, and the author has agreed to retract. Kathramalla, S. (2020), John, Nathan and Deuel, David, eds. Disability in Mission: The Church's Hidden Treasure. Peabody, Massachusetts: John Hendrickson, 2019. 167 pp. International Review of Mission, 109: 144–145. Kathramalla, S. (2019), Disability in Mission: The Church's Hidden Treasure. Asian American Theological Forum, 8. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted book review will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as "Retracted." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Pakistan, children with disabilities face a two-fold disadvantage with respect to education - First, lack of access due to the country's heavily constrained education sector, and second, if they do access schools then the quality of education imparted is questionable. In this paper, we investigate the access to education and learning performance of children with disabilities in four administrative units of Pakistan-Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Merged Region and Punjab. We use household data from the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) of 2018, which included questions on disability status of children aged 3 to 16 years, their enrolment in school, and their performance of reading and arithmetic. Broadly, our findings indicate that children with mild disability are more likely to enrol in schools compared to children without disabilities. On the other hand, children with severe disability are less likely to access schools, when compared to their counterparts with no disabilities. In terms of type of school (government, private, religious) access, there are regional differences. In terms of learning outcomes of children with disabilities, we see a small gap between children with and without disability. This paper underscores policyconsiderations for children with disabilities based on the severity of disability faced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and Communication Technologies have transformed our lives in different social areas, facilitating interpersonal relationships thanks to technological tools. In the specific case of people with disabilities, Assistive Technologies (ATs) break down barriers and increase opportunities to become active members of society with equal opportunities. This paper presents a systematic mapping study that analyzes the current state-of-the-art of ATs proposed in the literature to support the empowering of people with disability. Specifically, this paper focuses on (1) describing a global vision of the scientific literature published in the last 20 years about ATs in the computer science field and (2) identifying research needs, gaps, and trends. For this purpose, an in-depth analysis of 389 primary studies is presented. The information obtained from the mapping process is also constrained. Concretely, 35 ATs versus 22 disabilities are compared, obtaining striking peaks for some disabilities described in the discussion. Finally, the findings show that several areas have been covered only lightly, revealing interesting future directions and challenges for junior researchers. • ATs have the potential to break down barriers for people with disabilities, enabling them to participate more fully in society. This implies a need for rehabilitation programs to incorporate ATs into their strategies to enhance social inclusion. • Given the transformative role of ICT, rehabilitation programs should focus on helping people with disabilities develop the necessary technological skills to utilize ATs effectively. • This work highlights the diversity of ATs and disabilities, suggesting a need for personalized rehabilitation plans that match specific ATs to individual disabilities. • Rehabilitation professionals should be trained to assess and recommend appropriate ATs for each case. Rehabilitation programs should consider incorporating cutting-edge ATs and staying involved in research to contribute to future developments to cover gaps and challenges identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The awareness that museums must be inclusive and participatory led to practices adapted to visitors' requirements and co-creative experiences, encouraging interaction with exhibitions, and thus fostering memorable experiences. Yet, constraints remain for people with disabilities, reducing their satisfaction and desire to return. Despite the high number of people with visual impairments worldwide, there is a lack of research on factors that may impact their co-creation in museums. This paper aims to identify factors influencing the co-creation of people with visual impairments experiences in museums, either facilitating or constraining it. Based on focus groups discussion, the results of the study conducted suggest that the co-creation of people with visual impairments in museums is influenced both by aspects related to visitors, as well as by disabling features of the museums' physical, communicational, and attitudinal environments. Conclusions and implications drawn are critical to improve the experience of people with visual impairments in museums. This article highlights that despite the high number of people with visual impairments worldwide, many still face constraints when visiting museums. The article reveals that several museums offer opportunities for interacting with the whole museum environment and co-creating value, to trigger memorable experiences. This paper fills a research gap by analysing how a set of factors influence people with visual impairments to get involved in co-creation in museums, either facilitating or constraining it. The research found that the factors that influence co-creation of experiences of people with visual impairments in museums can be related to the visitors or to the museums, including physical, communicational and attitudinal aspects. The article provides guidelines to improve the co-creation in museums of people with visual impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In chapter two, Fox addresses the ways illness and "disability" (a word that never occurs in the Bible) were construed in the context of the historical Jesus. Disability and the Way of Jesus: Holistic Healing in the Gospels and the Church. She introduces William Spohn's idea of "analogical imagination", which she uses constructively to connect the healing ways of Jesus evidenced in Scripture with practices that reflect the healing ways of Jesus in our own churches. [Extracted from the article]

This paper addresses embodied geographies of power assisted devices (powered wheelchairs and motorised scooters) for disabled people in Australia to augment understandings of mobile disability politics. Deleuze and Guattari's notion of 'lines' is used to reimagine spatial thinking about mobile disability politics. Disability in this paper is understood as an emplaced, emergent, relational and embodied process that arises in the interaction between ideas, materials and bodies. A focus on the shifting affective capacities of everyday journeys can deepen an understanding of mobile disability politics through attention to sensations. To illustrate the notion of lines we draw on three 'portraits' from a qualitative project on power assisted devices in Ballina Shire, New South Wales, Australia. Each portrait provides an illustration of how mobility experiences of power assisted devices may reinforce and/or challenge normative ideologies and identities, alongside deepening understandings of how ideas and materials come together to produce enabling and/or exclusionary arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the literature on inclusive service learning generally reports positive outcomes for students with disabilities, it provides little insight into the process of inclusion that occurs when students with and without disabilities meet within a service-learning framework. This distinction between students with and without disabilities became less clear, especially as all students began to see that they have disabilities or that they lack something that the other has or vice versa, experience themselves without disabilities even if others have defined them that way. In this paper, we address this issue through a case study of a service-learning course that brought together students with and without disabilities. The course was based on a five-facet model for inclusive service learning that comprised theory, experiential learning, community projects, dialogue, and reflection. A qualitative analysis of the course illustrates that both students with and without disabilities experienced significant changes in perception of disability such that they no longer saw themselves as two separate groups. The paper looks at the processes that produced this change and suggests the idea of 'continuous mutual learning' (CML) as an important component in education for inclusion, arguing that CML can deepen the inclusiveness of inclusive service learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a Foucauldian theorisation and an in-depth study with eight disabled student activists in England, this paper explores how persistent marginalisation and ableism in higher education has triggered a wave of activism among disabled students, who, just before the advent of the pandemic, had organised a structured movement, Disabled Students UK. We employ Foucault's ideas of the care of the self and others to discuss the formation of disabled students as activist subjects fighting discrimination in English higher education, in a moment in which the intersection between inclusive policies and austerity measures exposed the ableism rooted in academic practices. This paper promotes discussion on the nurturing relationship that exists between the individual and the community in constituting disability activism and disabled activists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure full participation of people with disabilities in research, accessibility of the instruments employed is essential. This paper describes an exploratory research which included the adaptation of the AIR Self-Determination Scale and the Promotion of Autonomous Decision-Making Scale. The adaptation was designed to enable Hebrew-speaking young adults with physical disability, autism, psychosocial disability, complex learning disabilities, deafness or hearing impairment, or blindness or visual impairment, to complete a self-report questionnaire. It included extensive wording simplifications. In addition, original Likert scales were reduced, and symbols were added to improve accessibility. The forms were modified to a coloured format with more visible headings, including use of a screen reader and additional visual adaptations. The adaptation process included three phases: questionnaire adaptation, examination of face and content validity, and a reliability assessment of the final version. The process was informed by input from young adults with disabilities. We conclude that simplified language, symbols, and visual effects should be considered when adapting questionnaires for people with disabilities. In addition, consulting with individuals with disabilities as experts by experience, should be integral to the adaptation of instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPurpose: The world is approaching the sustainable development goals deadline, but many countries still do not produce the data required to track their indicators by disability. Integrating valid and relievable disability measurement tools into existing data platforms is key to ensuring that “no one is left behind.” In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that it is possible to gather valid data on disability for disaggregation using the WHO Functioning and Disability Disaggregation Tool.Materials and methods: Using representative data from India, Lao PDR, and Tajikistan collected through the Gallup World Poll, we estimated the likelihood of a positive sustainable development indicator by disability level. Logit regression was used, adjusted for age, sex, household size, number of children, marital status, urban or rural area, and country-fixed effects.Results: Our estimates showed a consistent disability gradient across all countries and indicators: the higher the level of disability, the lower the probability of having a positive outcome in barely any sustainable development goal.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that it is not too late to generate sound and precise data about inequalities faced by persons with mild, moderate, or severe disability. This data is essential for reducing inequalities through evidence-based policymaking.The disability gradient observed across all countries and indicators included in this study showed that the higher the level of disability (mild, moderate, or severe), the lower the probability of having a positive outcome in any sustainable development goal.An underestimation of inequalities is observed when people with no, mild and moderate disability are combined into a group called “no severe disability” and used as the comparator to people with “severe disability.”Rehabilitation policy and planning must consider the disability gradient and respond to the different needs of persons with mild, moderate, and severe disability.The disability gradient observed across all countries and indicators included in this study showed that the higher the level of disability (mild, moderate, or severe), the lower the probability of having a positive outcome in any sustainable development goal.An underestimation of inequalities is observed when people with no, mild and moderate disability are combined into a group called “no severe disability” and used as the comparator to people with “severe disability.”Rehabilitation policy and planning must consider the disability gradient and respond to the different needs of persons with mild, moderate, and severe disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPoints of InterestThis article analyses the difficulties that 16 graduate with disabilities from 8 Spanish universities in the area of Health Sciences experienced during their academic career. It also shows how they overcame these difficulties, as well as their insight into their own resilience. This qualitative study used semi-structured and individual interviews. The results showed that the difficulties, the strategies to deal with them, and the opinions of the participants about their resilient characteristics are multiple and relate to both external and internal factors. The results reveal that participants’ voices from these Health Sciences degree contain useful strategies for the ­university community to promote the academic success of students with disabilities for the benefit of all students.Healthcare degrees tend to present greater challenges for students with disabilities.Students often experience exclusion during their healthcare training due to the fact that disability is based on a ‘medical’ perspective of disability.This paper analyses the difficulties and coping and resilience strategies used by university students with disabilities with a Bachelor’s degree in Health Sciences to successfully overcome these difficulties.Numerous internal and external factors enable students with disabilities to successfully complete health studies.This study can contribute that including students with disabilities in healthcare degrees improves healthcare improves for vulnerable populations, as well as the relationship between professionals and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the potential for material culture studies within the history of disability is explored through a study of preserved anatomical votives from medieval Norway left in connection with miraculous healing practices. The Norwegian votives, which include wooden body parts of hands, arms, finger, feet and legs as well as mobility aids, are here related to the lived experience of the physically impaired. Anatomical votives have been interpreted as meaningful depictions of how an individual conceptualised the body part in question, which they sought healing for. Through a posthumanist approach, anatomical votives can, however, not only be seen as solely representational of a body part but as material extensions of the body. Preserved mobility aids, here identified as hand-trestles and a knee-brace, provide insight into the availability of aids for individuals with lower limb impairments in the medieval North. The study of the material culture of disability can elucidate cultural notions of disability in relation to physical impairment. While written miracle accounts have been identified as important sources for the study of medieval disability, their associated material culture is here presented as important data for the embodied experience of the physically impaired in medieval Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides insights into the experiences of children with disabilities in an Ethiopian context during prolonged school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on data gathered through telephone surveys from parents of children with disabilities who had been attending school prior to closures and teachers working in different educational settings, we discuss children's learning journeys during closures, motivations to return to school and the implications of this on current educational reform efforts in Ethiopia. Our findings highlight the significant merits of including children with disabilities explicitly in wider education reform efforts; the many positive gains seen in parental desires to send their child back to school; and the need to recognize and strengthen the role of schools as spaces for promoting children's socio-emotional well-being. Schooling of children with disabilities in Ethiopia was significantly impacted due to the lack of accessible learning materials available at home and in schools Caregivers expressed that returning to school was a strong priority for their child with disabilities Teachers and caregivers noted significant negative impact of closures on children's social and emotional well-being, with many reporting heightened feelings of sadness, loneliness, isolation, and diminished interest in learning and playing among their children. Caregivers and teachers felt that more could be done to support families and schools during such times, especially with better allocation of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPoints of interestResearch on the experiences of academics with disabilities regarding access to higher education spaces is vast, but not much has been done to assess if such research goes beyond analysing physical spaces. This paper follows the capabilities approach to contribute knowledge in this regard, drawing from research conducted in one South African University. Ten academics with disabilities were interviewed, and data were analysed thematically. Findings suggest that it is not enough for academics with disabilities to be employed at the University. Denial of social and physical access to various spaces has epistemic and professional advancement implications. The possibilities for alternative spaces and freedom of choice to function optimally for academic identity advancement can still be enhanced. The paper makes recommendations that can be explored for policy and practice to advance human development of academics with disabilities.We draw attention to how ableism relates to capabilities and freedoms to develop academic identities in multidimensional spaces of higher education.Marginalising spatial configurations go beyond just inability to attend academic gatherings, but also to participate in knowledge production for academic identity development.Academics with invisible disabilities can receive even more limited support, causing them to take longer to develop academically.Academics have agency and responsibilities towards developing their identities, but these are often limited by the nature of spaces.Advanced technology provides alternative ways of thinking about self-ability versus disability in an academic workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disability is a multifaceted and universal phenomenon that cuts across all cultures and religions. It poses unique challenges for individuals, families, and communities. It is shaped by a multitude of factors such as society, culture, economy, religion, etc. Sikhism, the fifth largest religion in the world, originated in the northern part of India in the 15th century with the first Sikh guru Nanak Dev (1469–1539). In the context of Sikhism, disability and religious teachings become important areas of exploration. This research paper attempts to understand how Sikhism addresses and engages with disability by highlighting both the theoretical foundations and practical manifestations. The theoretical foundations of Sikhism, i.e., equality, solidarity, and inclusiveness, are based on the supreme scripture Guru Granth Sahib, and the practical manifestations, i.e., rituals and norms, take their lead from Rehat Maryada, i.e., the Sikh code of conduct and conventions, which have been constructed by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC). The present paper examines the outlook of Sikhism towards disability in theory as per Guru Granth Sahib and in practice as per Sikh Rehat Maryada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I propose a model of disability which synthesizes Amos Yong's disability theology with Elizabeth Barnes's "value-neutral model" of disability and then draws Sarah Coakley's account of ante-mortem/post-mortem bodily fluidity in with both. To construct this model, I first outline Yong's thought and then introduce Barnes's work to it as a pivot point around which its eschatological imagery can turn. I then address Coakley's work on bodily fluidity regarding gender and apply it to disability to reveal the model's capacity to hold theological clarity and mystery in tension successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated inclusive and special education policy in Nepal. This paper employs social constructionism and discourse analysis as theoretical perspectives. This study is informed by the findings of the author’s doctoral research. Data were collected from a selected key policy document between 1970 and 2020. Discourses of disability was used as a methodology to examine how these policies construct the meaning of disability and inclusive education. The findings of this study demonstrated that Nepalese inclusive and special education policies have been influenced by the medical or deficit and social or human rights model discourse of disability. This article identified that the educational policies of Nepal were consistent and in variation between these two discourses of disability. This study found that inclusive education policies had rhetoric, contradictions and tensions within the policy documents. Limitations and recommendations of this research were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disability theology has long been an anglophone affair, with most debates taking place around lexical structures and semantic nuances specific to the English language. This paper claims that the Romanian word neputință-loosely translated into English as powerlessness- can make a significant contribution to the field. Drawing on interviews with Romanian Orthodox priests, the article argues that neputință can provide a Christological edge to popular concepts such as vulnerability and limits, while also adding an understanding of aging as a natural process that needs medical and social support, but not cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on exploring the differences in the importance of spiritual/religious beliefs and practices (SRBP) between Latinx parents who have children with emotional, physical, and cognitive disabilities. Previous research has focused on looking at individual disabilities, such as autism-comparison in differences in importance of SRBP among Latinx parents needs to be further explored. Data from 154 Latinx parents in the United States was collected from an online survey, and a multiple linear regression was used with several predictor groups. Results indicated statistical significance between parents who have children with emotional disabilities and the importance of SRBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 28 per cent of state primary school children attend 'faith' establishments in England, the majority in Catholic or Church of England schools. Research suggests 'faith' schools tend to educate proportionally fewer children from low-income families (proxied by eligibility for Free School Meals [FSM]). This paper examines whether they also under-admit children 'disadvantaged' according to another key dimension: having special educational needs and/or disability (SEND). Descriptive statistics and modelling use the National Pupil Database census and span 2010–2020. Across years, 'faith' primary schools are less likely to include children with SEND, and less likely to admit children with SEND to the first (Reception) year. Accounting for area-level factors, indications of under-admission to Catholic schools become more pronounced. Some disproportionality for Church of England schools is explained by confounders – but even after attenuation, they remain less likely to serve children with SEND than non-'faith' schools. Together, FSM and SEND predict a substantively meaningful lowered likelihood of children attending 'faith' schools, so these schools, at the national level, seem to have become hubs of relative 'advantage'. Findings therefore demand interrogation of whose interests these institutions serve, and of their part within the current English system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper processing of sensitive personal data concerning disabled people in government information disclosure not only violates their privacy rights but also leads to discrimination, stigmatization, and other serious secondary harm, that have long been overlooked. China's procurator-led public-interest litigation system is a powerful tool for protecting the privacy rights of vulnerable groups. This paper contends that procurator-led public-interest litigation, as a supplement to and support for private-interest litigation, assists the Chinese government in fulfilling its international obligations to protect the right to privacy of disabled people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial for engineers to anticipate the socio-ethical impacts of emerging technologies. Such acts of anticipation are thoroughly normative and should be cultivated in engineering ethics education. In this paper we ask: 'how do we anticipate the socio-ethical implications of emerging technologies responsibly?' And 'how can such responsible anticipation be taught?' We offer a conceptual answer, building upon the framework of Responsible Innovation and its four core practices: anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness. We forge a more explicit link between the practices of anticipation, reflexivity, and inclusion, while also enriching them with insights from disability studies, STS, design theory, and philosophy. On this basis we present responsible anticipation as an activity of reflective problem framing grounded in epistemic humility. Via the RI-practice of responsiveness we present responsible anticipation as a creative approach to engineering ethics, offering engineering students a critical yet productive perspective on how ethics may inform innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salience of education for better life outcomes is well accepted, but people with disabilities continue to be underrepresented in higher education. Building on Weedon's approach to the intersection of impairment with socioeconomic factors, this paper identifies the facilitators and barriers encountered and/or experienced by young people with disabilities along their diverse pathways to and through higher education in Sweden. The data comes from longitudinal ethnographic case studies of persons with ADHD. While the findings show similarities in impairment-specific barriers, such as transition and inadequate support available at university, they make even more visible the existing heterogeneity among people with ADHD and the inadequacy of support structures at higher education institutions. Parents, economic security and individual factors, such as ease of learning and belief in one's own capacity, were found to be strong facilitators. ADHD and socioeconomic disadvantage together magnified vulnerabilities and hurdles faced while aspiring to and accessing higher education. The article concludes by highlighting the urgent need for universities to change entrenched structures that perceive students with disabilities as a homogeneous group and disability as an individual problem, in order to enable participation of all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this article is to consider visual portrayals and representations of disability. The images selected for analysis came from online university prospectuses as well as a governmental guidance framework on the tuition of dyslexic students. Greater understanding, human rights and cultural change have been characteristic of much UK governmental policy regarding disability, and legislation has potentially strengthened the quest for equality of opportunity. However, publicly available institutional promotional visual material appears to contradict policy messages. To interrogate this contradiction, this article presents a tripartite critique whereby three researchers provide a self-inventory of their backgrounds and theoretical and ontological positioning, before presenting their differing interpretations of visual representations of disability. Following an agreed methodological and analytical framework, they addressed the question: what do visual representations of dyslexia and disability look like and what messages do they convey? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marginalisation, discrimination and depersonalisation are some of the negative experiences of children with Special Education Needs and/or Disabilities (SEND) in rural mainstream primary schools in Guyana. This paper presents these experiences from qualitative data gathered over six months of ethnographic research in two primary schools in Guyana. The data were analysed using situational analysis as posited by Adele Clarke and interpreted through a poststructuralist lens with the social model of disability theoretical framework. Children with SEND feel valueless and experience anxiety and loneliness in their placement in rural mainstream schools. This paper forms part one of a series presented to highlight institutional discrimination embedded in the practices and discourses which is fuelled by the dominance of the individual deficit model of disability in mainstream schools. The paper also illustrates how teachers' beliefs' that disability is biological and they can not cater for such children who are considered unteachable and challenging. The paper further reflects on the collective conscience of mainstream teachers in rural Guyana who feel unsupported in unsuitable classrooms to meet the needs of children with SEND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of affiliation by developing a contextually sensitive mid-level theory comprising specific elements, layers, and factors of affiliation. Vulnerable groups are a locus of analysis because they are particularly sensitive to various forms of social exclusion or non-affiliation. A binary study of persons with physical disability and treated alcoholics in Croatia was conducted by focus group interviewing. Through thematic analysis, six different code patterns were detected—solidarity affiliation, identity affiliation, alcoholism affiliation, disability affiliation, disability exclusion, and alcoholism exclusion—that represent key respondents' narratives on belonging. Crucial findings stress how vulnerable groups ground affiliation mostly in elements of solidarity rather than in terms of identity, how layers of affiliation (social and associational affiliation) are not so clearly differentiated but still deepen insights on affiliation, and how important factors enhancing affiliation are personal virtues which are not so prominent in theory. Therefore, the role of political institutions supporting affiliation as a meta-capability should be primarily set on solidarity affiliation, should nourish various layers of affiliation, and should be supported by citizens who care about their fellow citizens, especially those from vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The awareness to fulfill the rights of people with disabilities (PWDs) in Indonesia has increased significantly recently. To address concerns regarding the rights of individuals with disabilities, Indonesia's two most prominent Islamic organizations (Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah) have released fatwas on Islam and disabilities. NU published Fiqih Penguatan Penyandang Disabilitas, while Muhammadiyah prepared its Fikih Difabel. Previous studies have neglected a critical area of intersection between Islamic law, women, and disability issues. This article explores the contribution of women with disabilities in formulating these fatwas and how they tackle problems relevant to women with disabilities. Based on textual analysis of those fatwa and field research, the paper argues that although women with disabilities have been involved in the drafting, their participation has been limited. Only a few were engaged in making NU's Fiqih Penguatan Penyandang Disabilitas; only limited types of disabilities were involved in Muhammadiyah's Fikih Difabel. As a result, this study found that the fatwas on the issues related to women with disabilities are comparatively less extensive. They leave room for developing a more women-friendly Fikih Difabel in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an attempt to reflect 1960s rural Spain under Franco’s dictatorship, Mario Camus’s Citation1984 film adaptation of Miguel Delibes’s Los santos inocentes [The Holy Innocents], published three years before, depicts the daily coexistence of human and non-human animals in an Extremaduran cortijo. Within the highly hierarchized social structure of the Francoist regime, the elderly male characters that are physically or mentally disabled are consistently exploited and humiliated by the caste of señoritos as a metaphorical reproduction of the type of class-based hierarchy established after the Spanish Civil War between the victors and the defeated. The aim of this paper is to examine how the aging, disabled male body of the dispossessed contributes to deepening the class divide through their animalization. By aesthetically emphasizing the blurring of species boundaries in the lower social strata, Camus recreates the type of rural Spain that, under the auspices of the dictatorship, endorses an understanding of the normative, young masculine body as one that distinguishes itself through biological, class-based and androcentric determinism. This triply reinforced canon of the male subject, so irreparably bound to tautologies between class and species, places the aging, masculine body at the heart of an oppressive social system that seeks to justify its hierarchy, mythologizing it as the only viable option through which to erect an empowered, reputable nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper was to assess neuropathic pain and its predictors among patients with sciatica. In addition, we sought to investigate the predictors of functional disability in sciatica patients with neuropathic pain. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 100 sciatica patients aged 18 years and older with a radiating pain from the lower back down to the leg below the knee. Information about socio-demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms, being treated or not, type of treatment, side of sciatica, presence of back pain, leg pain occurrence, leg pain intensity, functional disability and pain catastrophizing were collected. Of the total patients, 57% had neuropathic pain. Multivariable analysis showed that leg pain intensity was higher in the neuropathic pain group as compared to the non-neuropathic pain group. Also, patients with left sciatica were less likely to have neuropathic pain than patients with right sciatica. Patients with neuropathic pain having high levels of pain catastrophizing and being on bed rest for at least one week were at a higher risk of developing functional disability as compared to their counterparts. Low levels of pain catastrophizing and less bed rest should be considered in interventions aimed at improving the functional ability for sciatica patients with neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little has been reported on Australian children with Cerebral Vision Impairment (CVI). This paper aims to present the outcome of an audit focussed on children with the primary diagnosis of CVI, using findings from the Australian Childhood Vision Impairment Register (ACVIR). Records on 132 children (49% girls, 51% boys) from ACVIR data gathered from both the child's parent/guardian and their eye health professional were reviewed. The child's demographics, level of vision impairment, birth history, diagnostic journey, secondary ocular diagnoses, comorbidities and low vision support were analyzed. Several correlations were investigated using a Kendall's tau-b analysis including the relationship between vision and age of diagnosis; level of vision and developmental delay; and age of suspicion of visual impairment and age of diagnosis. The most common level of visual impairment was blindness (39%), and most children were suspected and diagnosed of visual impairment in the first 6 months of life. The majority of children were born full term (72%), weighing >2000gms (84%). Nearly half of the cohort of children (48%) had a secondary ocular diagnosis with 44% having nystagmus. The majority of children (80%) had additional health problems, and 85% of children had additional disabilities, with 79% having developmental delay. While the findings of this audit cannot be generalized to a wider population of Australian children with CVI, the outcome encourages continued discussion on CVI, to explore comprehensive assessment approaches which facilitate timely and accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the current attempts of persons with disabilities to reclaim disability narratives and experiences farther away from various researchers and scholars who advocate social and medical models of disability because Adults with Developmental Disabilities (ADDs) claim these models do not represent them. Recently, scholars in disability studies are adopting different models to theorize disability. This paper reflects, seeks, and explores possible models of disability and their application in church pastoral ministry: The emancipatory model of disability, the partnership model of disability, and the equality model of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost 200 million persons with disabilities face specific difficulties in everyday life. Private vehicles provide persons with disabilities with a high level of flexibility, a high level of time efficiency, and a better quality of life. It is sometimes necessary to make vehicle modifications to enable persons with disabilities to drive. One of the most frequent modifications is hand controls. Although drivers with disabilities who use hand controls face the same risk of road accidents as non-disabled drivers, predictors of road accidents for drivers with disabilities who use hand controls have not been the subject of earlier research. The predictors show which factors influence the occurrence of road accidents of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls. This paper aims to develop a model that describes the participation in road accidents of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls and recognises contributing predictors. A multidisciplinary team of experts identified twenty-three predictors that impact road accidents of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls. Bayesian logistic regression models have identified speeding, alcohol consumption, mobile phone usage, and especially fatigue as risky behaviours. This paper proposes several important measures that would improve the safety of drivers with disabilities using hand controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines a qualitative exploration of the experiences of Youth in Charge (YiC), a 3-year pilot programme. YiC was designed to promote early, immersive community participation for students with physical disabilities, and was co-developed/co-hosted by three agencies (hospital, community rehabilitation, school board). To better understand the experiences of the youth, parents, and staff involved in this broad intervention, observation of 10 programme sessions and annual semi-structured interviews with youth (n = 5), parents (n = 4) and staff (n = 6) were undertaken. Qualitative results comprise six themes based in the two major thematic areas of participation-related experiences and programme considerations. Results indicate the need for community-based experiences, measured risk-taking, long-term engagement, parental involvement, and greater interagency collaboration and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at three televised examples of pregnant women grappling with prenatal testing. In these stories, prenatal testing for disability is increasingly being framed as a requirement of responsible motherhood, and termination of pregnancies with diagnoses of disability shown as the logical choice. Disability is frequently depicted to be an anxiety-inducing or disappointing outcome. Previous research has shown televised depictions of pregnancy to be influential; the narratives illustrated here reinforce the discourse that disability is a burden for potential parents and entrench the view that fetal value is defined by "health," which is constructed in binary opposition with disability. Ultimately, these media depictions can have far-reaching effects in terms of pregnant people's feelings about the need to use prenatal testing, their diagnoses, and their decisions regarding both testing and termination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article advances an analytical device in the field of Narrative Production Methodology (NPM) called 'Chronotopic Diffraction' (CD) by presenting partial results of an ongoing research project with people who have recently become disabled. Firstly, the paper illustrates how the bakhtinian notion of 'chronotope' has different meanings that enrich the epistemological and ethico political principles of NPM. Secondly, I describe the process of constructing a Narrative through the optics of CD, which takes the form of a diary. Thirdly, I demonstrate how CD allows us to grasp that: (a) Disability and adjustment to it emerge as a liminal chronotope if we let changes in subjectivities appear in the Narrative. (b) Mal/adjusting to a disability is a process that unfolds in the site of Narrative construction itself. (c) Situating power relations between researcher and the participant allows us to be responsible for the phenomena that emerge in our inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A limitation of the common measures of diagnostic test performance, such as sensitivity and specificity, is that they do not consider the relative importance of false negative and false positive test results, which are likely to have different clinical consequences. Therefore, the use of classification or prediction measures alone to compare diagnostic tests or biomarkers can be inconclusive for clinicians. Comparing tests on net benefit can be more conclusive because clinical consequences of misdiagnoses are considered. The literature suggested evaluating the binary diagnostic tests based on net benefit, but did not consider diagnostic tests that classify more than two disease states, e.g., stroke subtype (large-artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, small-vessel occlusion, stroke of other determined etiology, stroke of undetermined etiology), skin lesion subtype, breast cancer subtypes (benign, mass, calcification, architectural distortion, etc.), METAVIR liver fibrosis state (F0- F4), histopathological classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), prostate Gleason grade, brain injury (intracranial hemorrhage, mass effect, midline shift, cranial fracture). Other diseases have more than two stages, such as Alzheimer's disease (dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive disability (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease, and preclinical presymptomatics due to Alzheimer's disease). In diseases with more than two states, the benefits and risks may vary between states. This paper extends the net-benefit approach of evaluating binary diagnostic tests to multi-state clinical conditions to rule-in or rule-out a clinical condition based on adverse consequences of work-up delay (due to false negative test result) and unnecessary workup (due to false positive test result). We demonstrate our approach with numerical examples and real data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an educational program for children with disabilities implemented in conjunction with a temporary exhibition of visual artists with disabilities in a museum in Greece. Through the description of the exhibition, the design and implementation of the educational program, and the creative activities offered, the authors identify benefits for the children and stress the importance of developing more collaborations between museums, artists with disabilities, and schools to move towards a more inclusive society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper's aim is to augment understandings of mobility justice with reference to the sensations of the repetitive routines and rhythms that comprise everyday journeys, subjectivities, and places of powered assisted mobility device users. We build on arguments of mobility justice as access by extending understandings of the sensuous dimensions of repetitive everyday journeys that sustain a sense of self in the world. To do so, we draw on Deleuze and Guattari's notions of refrains of rhythms to advance relational spatial thinking about how mobility injustices arise and become ordered. Our empirical analysis offers two 'portraits' from a qualitative assisted motorised mobility project in the car-dominated city of Sydney, Australia. Through an interpretation of the rhythmic qualities of embodied choreographies of everyday routines, the paper draws on the experiences of two women with disability to map processes of ableist exclusion from public space, and strategies which support inclusion. Implications for mobility justice are drawn from the affective intensities of synchronisation and asynchronisation of moving-together, in proximity with able-bodied pedestrians and drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, inclusive education provisions in India have expanded significantly, with a particular focus on ensuring that disabled children are able to access the same quality of education as their normate counterparts. However, despite policy support for the creation of more inclusive educational environments, the embodied experiences of disabled children are often not centered in classrooms. This paper therefore asks: how do explicitly inclusive educational projects come to exclude disabled children? The paper provides a critical analysis of how discourses around childhood and disability come to be taken up by the modern schooling system in a manner that reifies ableist hierarchies and often does not center the needs of disabled children. This paper draws on insights from ethnographic fieldwork to discuss how the disabled child subject is produced and disciplined within the modern school system in the National Capital Region of India. It highlights how disabled children, their caregivers, and educators in special and inclusive schools perform and push back on expectations of embodied otherness in and beyond classroom spaces. To do so, it demonstrates that being recognized as disabled is contingent on documentary proof. However, disability is experienced both as a label and an identity category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2021 Heidi Crowter took the UK Secretary of State for Health and Social Care to court with the aim of challenging the aspects of the Abortion Act that in her view discriminate against people with Down's Syndrome. The case ignited the civic debate on disability, law and public ethics, re-exposing the shaky grounds and inherent contradictions of human rights discourse and legislation and revealing the acute dangers of utilitarian logic that sustains the status quo. In this paper I argue that if we are to safeguard the dignity and rights of those among us who might not satisfy the utilitarian criteria of "worthiness of existence", the values that underlie human rights legislation need to be firmly situated in the realm of the absolute and the unconditional. This is an area where religious ethics can offer invaluable contribution. The transcendental grounding of faith-based morality endows the notion of human dignity with universality that is not conditional on any "worldly" category of worth (the concept of "ability" being one such category). Also, it provides a radical and counter-cultural redefinition of the notion of what it means to be a "contributor" to the social sphere, a redefinition that does not exclude those among us living with a disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected education at all levels in various ways. This paper provides a review of the literature on the challenges of online learning for children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). In total, 17 studies from nine countries were analysed. The challenges of online learning for children with SEND reported by teachers and parents and the strategies applied to overcome the challenges were identified. The challenges of online learning were the need of parental support, routine change, inequities of resources and access to technology, lack of accommodations, and social isolation. There was a considerable lack of interventions aimed at promoting the educational outcomes of children with SEND. The findings emphasise the importance of parent-teacher collaboration and communication. Suggestions for strategies to address challenges as well as for further research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper assesses the development of disability equality outcome indicators in 35 European countries in a context of the global governance of human rights and development. Outcome indicators are well-known in other fields, notably in the field of gender equality, but have been much less evident in the disability field. This is, in part, due to difficulties of disability definition and measurement but also reflects the relatively recent formalisation of disability equality as a global human rights concern. Over the past decade there has been a rising expectation on states to structure and quantify their monitoring of disability equality and rights. Despite this there is only patchy evidence that transnational governance frameworks have had any great effect on states' compliance with this. The first part of the paper reviews the meaning of disability equality and the duty on states to monitor it. The second part assesses the progress made in European countries, including examples of variations in approach and coverage. Acts of equality measurement make injustices more visible and more governable. In this sense public investment in disability equality indicators is still much needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a form of tourism that aims to be sustainable and, in broader terms, responsible and ethical, ecotourism occupies a peak position in terms of people's understanding of sustainable tourism. The purpose of this paper is to articulate how responsibility can be actuated through a deeper consideration of duty (good as intrinsic) and strategic (good for business) perspectives. In pursuit of this overall aim, the paper investigates a sample of Ecotourism Australia (EA) certified company websites to examine inclusivity barriers based on the social model of disability: physical, attitudinal, and informational. The choice of Australia is based on the observation that ecotourism providers in this region are often cited as highly advanced in terms of policies and practices. Results suggest that there is only limited statistical support for the hypothesis that the "leading" ecotourism operators (with advanced EA certification) in Australia pay more attention to disability issues than those in the "following" group (with lower categories of EA certification). The paper concludes by suggesting that the responsibility agenda is most likely to move forward by providers adopting ways of "thinking" and "doing" that emphasise duty and justice instead of following accepted business practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to trouble the rhetoric of caring spaces like home that are taken for granted in schools, I consider how the western neoliberal subject remains tethered to normalcy in ways that sustain practices of conditional inclusion. I My aim is to persist in questioning normalcy, while also endeavouring to reimagine distinctly different relational encounters amidst embodied differences. The first part of this paper will consider how current inclusionary school practices sustain normalcy by both refusing to confront, while also concealing, the ways public education was shaped by the eugenics movement. The second part will explore the works of Michalko [2002. The Difference That Disability Makes. Philadelphia: Temple University Press] and Yergeau [2018. Authoring Autism: On Rhetoric and Neurological Queerness. Fordham: Duke University Press] and the ways narratives situated within disability have sought to resist the hegemony of normalcy while also provoking the possibilities of reimagining our human relations both within and against western colonial logics. The last section of this paper will consider how narratives told and embodied through disability, might pursue foregrounding disorienting intersubjective encounters as a necessary move intended to amplify the possibilities of displacing normalcy while reimagining what it means to be human with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES physical impairment and disability in the c 5th to 6th centuries ad in England through a combination of osteological and funerary analyses. A total of 1,261 individuals, 33 of whom had osteologically identifiable physical impairment, from nine early medieval cemeteries were included. The funerary data for all individuals in each cemetery was collected, and the individuals with physical impairment were analysed palaeopathologically. The burial treatment of individuals with and without physical impairment was compared both quantitatively and qualitatively, and patterns within and between cemeteries were explored to investigate contemporary perceptions and understandings of impairment and disability. The results suggest that some people with physical impairment and potential disability were buried with treatment that was arguably positive, while others were buried with treatment that was either normative or potentially negative. This suggests that, in the same way as the rest of the community, individuals with physical impairment and potential disability had a variety of identities (that may or may not have been influenced by their impairment or disability) and could occupy different social spaces/statuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States is home to more than 60 million Americans with disabilities and more than 300,000 churches. Yet the relationships among these individuals and congregations is alternately described as encouraging or concerning—sometimes stellar, other times deeply disappointing. Although anecdotes have characterized much of these depictions, a growing body of research also focuses on this area. This research review addresses the current landscape of congregational participation and practices related to individuals with disabilities and their families. What is known about the participation of individuals with disabilities in relation to faith community life? What is known about the practices of local congregations in relation to individuals with disabilities? This paper highlights key findings, identifies gaps in the current literature, and concludes with recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the quality of media coverage on issues regarding people with disabilities in Jordan from the perspectives of journalists and special education teachers. Although Jordan has adopted legislation to support and protect people with disabilities, people with disabilities are three times more likely to be illiterate & half as likely to be employed. Although physical accessibility creates some barriers, negative attitudes and stigma are major barriers. Since media can play a significant role in attitudes towards people with disabilities, this study surveyed journalists' and special education teachers' perceptions of the quality of media coverage in Jordan. Using convenience sampling, 160 journalists and 208 special education teachers from Amman and Irbid cities participated in the study by completing self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Results indicate that, overall, journalists and special education teachers felt the quality of media coverage for issues related to people with disabilities in Jordan was acceptable (but not good or excellent), although journalists were statistically significantly more likely to rate the quality of coverage was better than the rating provided by special education teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of inclusive education policies worldwide has given greater weight to social justice practices in educational settings. However, inclusion in preschools has received less attention from researchers. This article examines a 4-year-old child's participation in a mainstream preschool in Australia from a cultural-historical perspective. In particular, this study used the concept of secondary disability to analyse the data, and in this process identified a contradiction between the teacher's perceptions of the child's abilities and the teacher's reported understanding of the parent's perceptions of the child's abilities, which 'clouded' the child's position within the preschool setting. Eight hours of video data were gathered across eight months. The findings indicate that understanding the child's personality and potential can operate as a 'pedagogical password' for the teacher to enter on to the child's unique developmental trajectory. This paper argues that identifying the unique developmental pathway of the child is essential to reduce secondary disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media provides marginalized activists multiple options for constructing alternative narratives that challenge mainstream discourse. However, despite these platforms' increasing accessibility, disabled activists may struggle in creating their counter-narrative. Their inability to conform to able-bodied notions of activism leaves their individual experiences out of the discussion of social media activism. This paper addresses this gap by presenting the individual decision-making process of disabled social media users regarding activists' performances in social media as gleaned from the qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews. This process includes three phases that demonstrate the experiences of social media users with communicative concealable disabilities – autistics, hard-of-hearing (HoH), and people who stutter. First, these interviewees present a spectrum of perceptions of disability activism in social media. Second, these perceptions lead to a spectrum of motivations, which mirror the interviewees' various risk-benefit calculations regarding public self-disclosure as disabled. Third, these perceptions and motivations are manifested through interviewees' strategic design of their activist performances in private and public spheres. By rethinking key concepts in social media activism – risk-benefit calculation, slacktivism, and digital storytelling – this process illustrates taken-for-granted assumptions of personalization, visibility and representation, that challenge current discussions on social media activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]