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This article is a summary of the 10th International Conference on Inverse Problems in Engineering (ICIPE 22), which took place in May 2022 in Francavilla al Mare, Italy. The conference brought together applied mathematicians and engineers from various disciplines to collaborate and discuss the use of inverse analysis tools in fields such as manufacturing, medical imaging, and space applications. The event also honored Professor James V. Beck, who made significant contributions to parameter estimation and inverse heat transfer problems. The conference featured keynote addresses, lectures, and a tribute to Prof. Beck. The article expresses gratitude to the organizers, sponsors, reviewers, and the editor-in-chief of the Heat Transfer Engineering Journal. The 11th ICIPE conference will be held in Brazil in 2024. [Extracted from the article]

This paper revisits Wittgenstein’s heavily criticized claims about the admissibility of inconsistencies in mathematics. It argues from the perspective of mathematics as a tool and combines material from the history and practice of engineering that makes Wittgenstein’s claims about contradiction and inconsistency look much more plausible. Against this background, the paper interprets passages from Wittgenstein, including his exchange with Alan Turing where he highlights that basic laws of thought are at issue and that reflecting on them would be “the most important thing” he has talked about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) education in solving real-world problems is challenging. To tackle this challenge, a project-based learning approach that integrates robots with cost-effective self-made toys to problem-solving was adopted to assist rural primary school students to apply STEM skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the project-based learning approach which includes lecturing and hands-on activities on primary school students' STEM learning outcomes and attitudes. An experiment was conducted with 25 primary school students who voluntarily participated in a STEM summer-camp programme. Students were asked to assemble a paper house equipped with an IoT control module and LED light switches, and write and edit robot scripts to produce a robot-based storytelling narrative using the paper house they made as a context. The results show that the project-based learning approach was an effective approach for cultivating primary school students' STEM knowledge and skills as evidenced from the post-written test. The relationships between the students' STEM learning outcomes and attitudes were also confirmed by a clustering analysis. Students who had higher learning attitudes also achieved higher STEM learning outcomes; the findings are also supported by the feedback from the open-ended questionnaire items. This study suggests that integrating low-cost self-made toys and robots in project-based learning activities is an effective and practical approach to enhance primary school students' learning outcomes and learning attitudes in STEM education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architectural education shares much in common with engineering, including the use of a culminating capstone experience in the final year. The form of this experience varies, with the research-based thesis and final-year project being most common. This paper explores the literature on traditions of enquiry and the meaning of research in various fields and the evolution of the 'thesis' and 'final year project' approaches over time. It then briefly summarises empirical research conducted on a case study institution struggling to bridge gaps in understandings of these distinct forms of learning and teaching. Throughout, the paper presents a comprehensive set of diagrams to explain various paradigms and positions on research and design education. These diagrams depict processes used in architecture, engineering, and natural sciences to conduct research and generate designs. A new model is proffered to help unify competing conceptions of the final year project and thesis, for the case study institution and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is a socio-technical, ideological, and rhetorical construction rooted in the neoliberal discourse that reflects key tenets of global capitalism, is believed to have considerable implications for the development of employees in advanced manufacturing environments. This paper aims to explore the ways in which the learning needs of employees in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution could be appropriately identified and how employees could further develop their skills through the design of suitable development curricula. To this end , the paper seeks to interrogate the ways in which the employees' learning needs are likely to be identified in the middle-range future, and problemate the focus of highly specialised and exclusively focused on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) curricula that are likely to be designed to help employees respond to the perceived demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The paper further seeks to explore a preferred liberal future, drawing on the work of Martha Nussbaum, to create the possibility for an alternative future guided by a more holistic conception of employee development through the establishment of learner-centred, liberal – and liberating – interdisciplinary Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptual engineering, motivated one natural way, involves the search for new concepts. But to what extent does conceptual engineering as practiced involve such conceptual innovation, and to what extent can it do so? In this paper, I first argue that conceptual engineering as practiced surprisingly does not appear to involve conceptual innovation, and then I discuss problems regarding the extent to which it can involve conceptual innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of using composite materials, crack damage is unavoidable. These cracks may cause a decrease in the structural performance of the material and may even pose a threat to the safety of the entire structure. In this paper, the shape memory alloy (SMA) is embedded into the composite material, and the strain transfer effect of the interface layer is considered. The crack monitoring and repair model of SMA composite material based on strain transfer are established using SMA resistance-sensing characteristics and SMA constitutive model. Based on this monitoring and repair model, the crack monitoring behavior of SMA under different initial states and temperature conditions is discussed, and the crack repair behavior of SMA under specific initial states and temperature conditions is also discussed. The research results show that the change in SMA resistance and the strain of the composite material crack are linearly segmented, and as the temperature increases, the composite material crack is gradually repaired. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the further engineering application of SMA composite material crack monitoring and repair theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows a positive association between skilled migration and innovation. Related literature however is largely limited to the use of proxies such as patents, and publications. There is also a lack of attention to how innovation is accomplished in practices. This paper addresses these gaps with an examination of the innovative contributions made by immigrant engineers in Canada. Conceptually, informed by practice-based theories, it conceives innovation as a sociocultural and sociomaterial process that leads to the transformation of the object/motives of activities, i.e. the problem space to which actions are directed. Empirically, drawing on a thematic and situational analysis of the career accounts of 32 immigrant engineers, it shows that immigrants expand engineering practices by introducing, inter alias, new technologies, products, processes, policies and standards. It further traces the rise of the problem spaces, and the ways in which engineering objects and other practitioners are knotted into practices of innovation. It argues that while immigrants manage to introduce epistemic objects through continuous learning and knowledge translation, it is through the enrolment of other practitioners, and technologies and tools that relations of differences and power are (re)negotiated, and new ways of doing become amplified as innovation at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on laboratory objectives in engineering education research is scattered and inconsistent. Systematic literature reviews identified the need for better understanding. This paper ranks the laboratory learning objectives across the cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains to improve scaffolding. It provides an opportunity for reflection, a pathway to confirm assessment alignment, and opens future research areas. To accomplish this, the Laboratory Learning Objectives Measurement (LLOM) instrument is used to survey 160 academics from around the world representing 18 engineering disciplines. The results suggest that the collective ranking order does represent a framework that can be used broadly. However, for greater alignment with consensus thinking, discipline rankings should be used. The cognitive domain was deemed the most important. These results provide the community's opinion and may not necessarily be best practice, providing an opportunity for reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first issue of Ozone: Science & Engineering (OS&E)was published in early 1979 with Dr L. J. Bollyky as theEditor-in-Chief. This was a milestone for the International Ozone Association, enabling professional recognition of the advances in ozone technology. Since this first issue, 45 volumes of Ozone: Science & Engineering have been published containing 238 individual issues, 1719 technical articles and nearly 22,000 pages. Dr Rip Rice became Editor-in-Chief in 1985 and continued this position until 1998. Barry Loeb was the editor until 2024. Under the leadership of these gentlemen, OS&E expanded from about 70 pages per issue four times per year to 100 pages, then to six issues per year, at about 100 pages. In 2001, the dimensions of the journal were increased to accommodate even more manuscripts. In 1989, the Harvey M. Rosen Memorial Award was established to recognize the "best paper" published in Ozone: Science & Engineering during the two-year period between World Congresses. The selection of this award is determined by the Editorial Board of Ozone: Science & Engineering. To date, 19 papers have received this prestigious award. OS&E has followed and reported the development of ozone technologies via peer reviewed articles from ozone researchers, manufacturers and consultants. This paper reviews the development of ozone technologies as reported by OS&E and summarizes how the technologies have evolved to meet environmental and other needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotube cement-based grouting materials currently mostly stay in the pure slurry research stage, and there is little research in the field of rock crack reinforcement combined with the engineering application background. Therefore, on the basis of existing research, it is important to expand the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in cement paste, and to carry out research on the reinforcement of fractured rocks in combination with the engineering background. This paper combines the actual needs of construction engineering to prepare carbon-based nanomaterials, and analyzes its impact on construction engineering in combination with experiments. Moreover, this paper analyzes the influence of carbon nanotubes on the macro-mechanical properties of cement-based materials, and studies the influence of modified carbon nanotubes on the macro-mechanical properties of cement-based materials. In addition, this paper explores the micromechanical properties of carbon nanotube cement materials at the nanometer scale. The research results verify the effectiveness of carbon-based nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel structures are invariably analyzed and designed excluding the global stiffening effect of the roof cladding. Including this effect historically required complex design methods or deprecated standards. This paper presents a simplified numerical modeling method which allows this stiffening effect to be included. The method is an extension of the already established Component Method but utilizes only elements commonly available in typical design and analysis software. The results of the models were favorably compared to standardized test cases; an average difference of 0.24 mm maximum displacement was found, corresponding to a 3.4% discrepancy. The consistency of these results implies that the proposed model can be considered to be used for scientific and practical purposes when assessing a building's most realistic behavior is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of Engineering graduates to function as successful professionals depends not only on technical disciplinary knowledge but also on a wide range of professional competencies. Students’ often react differently to educators attempts to develop professional competencies compared to technical competencies. Understanding the nature of these reactions is important if we are to design the most effective educational approaches to the development of professional competencies. In this paper we report on an exploratory factor analysis that used data from a detailed survey of students (N = 339) to identify underlying factors that provide insights to understand the variations in student reactions. A set of five factors were identified from this analysis: capability; learning experience; learning outcomes; employment experience; environment. Two of these factors (learning experience and environment) also exhibited significant differences in the impact between professional and technical competencies. A number of implications for educational design were explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a promising technology that mainly utilizes microbial cells to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals using electrons provided by the cathode. However, the low electron transfer rate is a solid bottleneck hindering the further application of MES. Thus, as an effective strategy, genetic tools play a key role in MES for enhancing the electron transfer rate and diversity of production. We describe a set of genetic strategies based on fundamental characteristics and current successes and discuss their functional mechanisms in driving microbial electrocatalytic reactions to fully comprehend the roles and uses of genetic tools in MES. This paper also analyzes the process of nanomaterial application in extracellular electron transfer (EET). It provides a technique that combines nanomaterials and genetic tools to increase MES efficiency, because nanoparticles have a role in the production of functional genes in EET although genetic tools can subvert MES, it still has issues with difficult transformation and low expression levels. Genetic tools remain one of the most promising future strategies for advancing the MES process despite these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pragmatists are interested primarily not in representing a purportedly unchanging Reality but in articulating prophetic future possibilities on the basis of the values most venerated by a culture/society in the present. This makes pragmatism sound a little like 'Conceptual Engineering'. Conceptual engineers too are interested in transforming our ways of talking, which implies some notion of how such improvements are to be evaluated. Nevertheless, this paper argues that accounts of conceptual engineering that regard it as key to the project of elucidating an externalist semantics find it difficult to accommodate on their own terms the problem-phenomena taken to be of shared interest: regions of discourse where the demand for change are at their most pressing culturally. This difficulty takes the form of what I call the Conceptual Engineering Dilemma (CED), an inability to accommodate simultaneously the ethical and ameliorative dimensions of contestation. I argue that acknowledging the formalist commitments that undergird CED should make pragmatism more appealing to the practically-orientated analytic philosopher and conclude with a brief survey of some of the tools that it makes available for the pressing work of changing minds for the better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The later Carnap is usually cited as the first conceptual engineer – someone who argues that we can and should revise our concepts in order to make them fit for their purpose. This paper shows that there is an earlier, pragmatist, account of conceptual engineering and that today's conceptual engineers would do well to turn to it, rather than to Carnap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and evaluates a role-play simulation called 'Theatrical Technology Assessment', in which students learn about complex stakeholder dynamics around emerging technologies. This role-play combines insights from Constructive Technology Assessment, improvisational theatre and educational role-play designs. It was implemented in an online setting with bachelor students of an interdisciplinary engineering programme. Based on collected chat conversations and reflection reports in seven different simulations, we qualitatively analysed what students learned about stakeholder dynamics. The study shows that students gained novel and relevant insights regarding stakeholder perspectives on technologies, the effects of uncertainties on decision making, collective stakeholder dynamics, and strategies to steer technology development. Students considered the role-play simulations to be engaging learning experiences. The dual set-up of the role-play, with students as players and co-designers, and the integral use of improvisational theatre are novel elements of educational role-play designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With constantly changing political landscapes affecting the ability of college students with minoritized identities of sexuality and/or gender (MIoSG; Vaccaro et al., 2015) to thrive on campus, higher educators need to understand student reported stressors to design more inclusive learning environments. Building from minority stress theory and using data from a grounded theory study with 56 collegiate STEM students with MIoSG, this paper documents stressors that students reported as contributing to diminished wellbeing. We used constant comparative grounded theory analysis to identify stressors shared by all participants, which included lack of belonging and invisibility in competitive STEM cultures as well as exclusionary interactions with STEM peers. Recommendations include the design and delivery of holistic education and support services on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews how empathy and its role are conceptualised in entrepreneurial and engineering literature. Our findings can then be used as a foundation for developing contextual and theoretical models of empathy for entrepreneurial engineering. These models will help create teaching practices and approaches to prepare empathic entrepreneurial engineers. The study deployed a systematic literature review of 40 papers from engineering and entrepreneurship fields, obtained from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The analysis involved three phases. First, a descriptive analysis of research on empathy in entrepreneurship and engineering was completed, followed by a content analysis focusing on definitions and the role of the empathy phenomenon and a co-citation analysis to identify commonly cited authors. The results of this literature review demonstrate different indicators that reflect the current state of empathy research and study trajectories of this phenomenon in the fields of engineering and entrepreneurship. These indicators include the number of papers related to empathy in engineering and entrepreneurship literature by year of publication, definitions of empathy and keywords used in analysed literature as well as list of authors and their area of interests within empathy research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the attitudes towards engineering within early socialism in Britain. It asks why Owenites, as well as Chartists and Fourierists, were drawn to German-American utopian engineer John Adolphus Etzler’s settlement plans in the tropics. Etzler envisioned a tropical paradise run by machinery, where workers and their families lived in a cooperative community and worked only 50 days a year. First, the paper conceptualises the notion of utopian engineering, then it discusses the ambivalences in Robert Owen’s attitudes towards machinery. It shows that Owen endorsed mechanization as a tool to reduce child labour but feared that it caused unemployment and misery among adult skilled workers. The third part investigates Owen’s endorsement of Etzler’s colonial scheme, arguing that the early socialist and the engineer were mutually dependent on each other. Etzler provided Owen with a solution to his technological conundrum, while Owenite publications offered him a means to reach broader audiences for his Tropical Emigration Society. By demonstrating this entanglement, my paper adds to the literature of the relationship between utopia, early socialism, and engineering, and shows that mechanization was as central to early socialism as the abolition of private property, bourgeois marriage and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common charge against utopianism is that any attempt to create blueprints for a better future disregards a basic fact: humans' proclivity for failure. In response, defenders of social dreaming have argued that failure can become generative, once we abandon the perfectionism that ostensibly inheres in utopian visions. Building on this revaluation, the paper applies a crucial lesson from engineering and design studies—that often artificial failure modes are required to enhance the safety of tools and machines. To flesh out this point, I turn to utopian fiction and discuss Kim Stanley Robinson's Science in the Capital-trilogy, which rejects techno-optimism about our climate-changed world, yet hails the transformative potential of an anti-capitalist scientific community. Ultimately, the paper claims that, if we cannot have success in addressing the climate emergency without committing serious mistakes, then one (but clearly not the only) path forward is to imaginatively prefigure the faultlines along which ecomodernist dreams for a "good Anthropocene" might rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Box's paper helicopter has been used to teach experimental design for more than a decade. It is simple, inexpensive, and provides real data for an involved, multifactor experiment. Unfortunately it can also further an all-too-common practice that Professor Box himself has repeatedly cautioned against, namely ignoring the fundamental science while rushing to solve problems that may not be sufficiently understood. Often this slighting of the science so as to get on with the statistics is justified by referring to Box's oft-quoted maxim that "All models are wrong, however some are useful." Nevertheless, what is equally true, to paraphrase both Professor Box and George Orwell, is that "All models are wrong, but some are more wrong than others." To experiment effectively it is necessary to understand the relevant science so as to distinguish between what is usefully wrong, and what is dangerously wrong. This article presents an improved analysis of Box's helicopter problem relying on statistical and engineering knowledge and shows that this leads to an enhanced paper helicopter, requiring fewer experimental trails and achieving superior performance. In fact, of the 20 experimental trials run for validation–10 each of the proposed aerodynamic design and the conventional full factorial optimum–the longest 10 flight times all belong to the aerodynamic optimum, while the shortest 10 all belong to the conventional full factorial optimum. I further discuss how ancillary engineering knowledge can be incorporated into thinking about–and teaching–experimental design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a 'position paper' elaborated by Working Group 2 (wg2) 'Quality and Recognition in Engineering Education' of the EU-supported Thematic Network 'Higher Engineering Education for Europe' (H3E), operative from January 1997 to July 1999. G. Heitmann was the Rapporteur, and G. Augusti the Chairman of wg2. Before approval at the H3E final Congress in Budapest (July 1999), the paper had been discussed at several wg2 and public meetings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research refers to the assigning of a hands-on group project to freshman engineering students, evaluating their performance, and deriving conclusions on student benefits and educational advances. The research procedure included action plans for the instructor and the students, instructions to the students on performing the work, organizational instructions to the teams and reporting guidelines, and evaluation of the success of the project. The main outcomes refer to the team co-operation, the performance of tasks, the quality of results and the reporting effectiveness. The ‘paper beam’ project benefited the student’s learning and proved the need of complementary learning styles in teams, of the appreciation of quality performance and results, as well as of the accuracy in project details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation – the pervasive incorporation of digital technology into virtually every process and system – is arguably the greatest force of change within the naval engineering community. Digital innovation is disrupting traditional ship design paradigms and giving rise to new ways of modernising and sustaining a future integrated force structure. This paper highlights digital transformation as a core strategic initiative that is aligned with the U.S. Department of Defense Digital Engineering Strategy. Recognising the need to expand the U.S. Navy's advantage over its competitors, this paper identifies foundational elements required to transform current engineering design and development processes. Next, a multi-factor framework is introduced to align traditional processes employed for physical system design and development with a new digital paradigm in recognition of the highly integrated nature of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Finally, discussion will focus on efforts underway to leverage advanced computational models and highlight the digital engineering use case for Naval Power and Energy Systems (NPES). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a web engineering architecture based on three main phenomena called Structured Development, high reliability and multi-level flexibility. The ontology is formed and mapped to generate a structured and user-assisted design. The user requirements are captured in this model based on an ontology map. Web engineering is applied to capture the various elements of web development including the functional features. In the development phase, the captured inputs and features are processed for designing the static and active web pages. The functional interconnectivity, validations, and security are integrated for all pages. The second important aspect of high reliability is achieved by managing the control level validations, BlackBox testing, cookies control, and session tracking. Multi-level flexibility is achieved at each level of this model including requirement gathering, ontology formation, webpage development, control validations, and testing. The XML files are generated at different levels to manage and control user responses. The proposed model is verified on seven case studies and the analysis is done in terms of design time and the number of cycles required for finalizing the website. The qualitative evaluation of the proposed model is done against 11 existing web designing tools. The project development is accomplished from 15 to 70 s based on the project size. The number of change cycles of different projects lies between 4 and 12. The analytical study identified that the proposed model is effective and reliable enough against template support, requirement gathering, customization, control validation, testing, and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I discuss the emerging field of conceptual engineering from the perspective of the philosophy of mind and cognitive science. I explore the role the latter disciplines can and do play by specifically focusing on how different notions of what a concept is affects the general conceptual engineering framework, both positively and negatively, before considering a particular account that eschews talk of concepts altogether. I call this project 'Cappelen's challenge' as it draws from suggestive remarks in his work (Cappelen, H. 2018. Fixing Language: Conceptual Engineering and the Limits of Revision. Oxford: Oxford University Press). I argue that by appreciating the range of options that each theory of concepts brings with it, the field as a whole can come to better grips with its foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conceptual engineering is the method for assessing and improving our concepts. Some have recently claimed that the implementation of such method in the form of ameliorative projects is truth-driven and should thus be epistemically constrained, ultimately at least (Simion, Mona. 2018b. "The 'Should' in Conceptual Engineering." Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 61 (8): 914–928; cf. Podosky, Paul-Mikhail Catapang. 2018. "Ideology and Normativity: Constraints on Conceptual Engineering." Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, Online first, 1–15. doi:10.1080/0020174X.2018.1562374). This paper challenges that claim on the assumption of a social constructionist analysis of ideologies, and provides an alternative, pragmatic and cognitive framework for determining the legitimacy of ameliorative conceptual projects overall. The upshot is that one should not ameliorate for the sake of truth or knowledge, in the case of ideologies – at least, not primarily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using critical race methodology as a methodological framework, this paper explores how 16 Black men PhD scientists and engineers describe their undergraduate and graduate school choices and how race and racism influenced these processes. Our analysis yielded two descriptive themes focused on counterspaces for Black men in science and engineering (S&E). Implications for higher education researchers and practitioners, and S&E faculty interested in supporting the persistence of Black men pursuing and completing S&E postsecondary degrees are offered within. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the connections between racism, counterspaces, and undergraduate and graduate choices of Black men pursuing S&E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we address the lack of a unified approach to understanding engineering practice by developing and presenting a taxonomy of common engineering activities. The taxonomy consists of 86 common engineering activities linked to 17 engineering competencies and the 11 International Engineering Alliance graduate attributes. The list of activities was developed using a six-step process, including multiple systematic literature searches and surveying engineers. The taxonomy provides a critical foundation for better understanding what engineers do, particularly in the Australian and New Zealand context. The taxonomy has potential utility in both engineering practice research and engineering education curriculum reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the ethical and professional responsibilities of engineering Graduate Students (GSs) and Faculty Members (FMs) in relation to Graduate Recruitment Offers (GROs). The authors developed an academic survey for data collection and subsequently evaluated the collected data based on common ethical theories and principles, as well as relevant professional codes of conduct. Based on the survey responses, this study identified the most common driving and preventive reasons for FMs and GSs not to honor a signed GRO. Further, the perception of GSs and FMs in relation to GROs was investigated using statistical methods. Finally, the authors provided an educational framework in the form of a checklist aimed at promoting ethical and professional decision-making as related to GROs. Ultimately, the outcomes of this research can be incorporated into senior seminar courses to enhance engineering undergraduate students' ethical education and promote their ethical thinking as they grow into professional roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of road freight around the world, alongside limited funding on bridge infrastructure, demands objective and accurate safety assessments for greater loads to achieve better utilization of existing aging bridges. Probability-based bridge assessment (PBBA) is already recommended around the world as a higher-tier assessment beyond current deterministic methods. However, its uptake in international practice lags behind that merited. The promotion of PBBA in practice hinges on four aspects: (i) justification, through proof of concept; (ii) accessibility, through integration into current practice; (iii) effectiveness, through utilizing state-of-the-art tools, and; (iv) familiarity, through clear communication and education. This paper describes a recent Austroads research project that has developed solutions to these aspects to promote the adoption of PBBA in Australia. The experience gained in developing the freely available guideline is described in this paper to support the promotion of PBBA adoption in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel virtual method to conduct continuous distillation experiment in an undergraduate unit operation laboratory with the help of SPM 700 Distillation Column, one of the modules available in Simtronics, a commercial process operation simulator. Simtronics simulator is a powerful tool to teach process industry skills and it is recognized in both industry and educational institutions. It also provides a virtual environment, which is clear and engaging, with navigational signs to guide a user through a process operation consisting of several unit operations. Hence, SPM 700 Distillation Column was utilized to conduct the continuous distillation experiment and acquire the experimental results virtually. The results were further validated by employing the McCabe–Thiele graphical method, which is considered the most instructive method for the analysis of binary distillation. Similarly, several other educational objectives of an undergraduate unit operation laboratory can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very important to predict the reaction of customers to future products. Sample pictures and line sketches are commonly used for discovering consumers' demands. However, these two agents are difficult to express the real product form clearly and comprehensively, which may affect the accuracy of consumer affection prediction. In this paper, a method based on Kansei engineering via virtual reality (VR) has been proposed to construct a mapping relationship between form elements and consumer affection from four dimensions of the overall, unit, interrelation, and detail (OUID), so as to provide references for product form design. The correlation between product form elements and the perceptual image was studied with multiple linear regression analysis and partial correlation analysis. The different effects of VR, sketches, and pictures on user affection prediction were compared in this paper as well. A hairdryer has been employed as an example to illustrate the proposed method. The results show that compared with sketch and picture, VR based-prediction model is more accurate and reliable in predicting users' emotional preferences. In addition to the unit form, the overall features, interrelation, and details are also the key factors affecting consumer preference. Highlight Based on Kansei Engineering, this paper investigated the correlation between the form elements of the product and the user's affection via VR. The proposed approach can help designers to quickly and accurately capture the user's perceptual image and transform it into design elements. The different effects of VR, sketches, and pictures on customer affection prediction were compared. A decomposition model is proposed to analyse the product form elements on four dimensions (overall features, unit form, interrelation, and details). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws on data from the National Science Foundation (NSF) ADVANCE-funded LATTICE program (Launching Academics on the Tenure-Track: an Intentional Community in Engineering) to examine how a diverse group of women worked across social and professional identities to support early-career women in academic engineering. We used ethnography to elucidate the social dynamics and power relations involved in forming a coherent group identity for the LATTICE leadership team, and the boundaries we negotiated in running the LATTICE program. We identify the processes and behaviors through which we made boundaries between members salient yet porous to build a coherent community across various dimensions of difference. We offer three actionable strategies that impact change agents' engagement and the group's coherence across multiple dimensions of difference: (1) intentionally creating a socio-emotional culture in our group, one that spans across group members' personal and professional identities; (2) validating other group members' perspectives, and (3) striving to build consensus using storytelling. These strategies of the LATTICE leadership team provide guidelines for others who work across intersecting dimensions of difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering undergraduates face difficulties in comprehending discipline-specific study materials because the reading skill has been neglected at the school-level, and the students themselves have not been motivated adequately to read. This paper hypothesizes that instruction-sessions on reading strategies enable tertiary-level learners to understand their engineering texts better. In this study, the teacher-researchers distributed a questionnaire to find out the students' difficulties in academic reading, their attitude to the reading strategies taught, and the usefulness of the instruction-sessions. They also interviewed the students, and systematized the data collected. The analysis showed a mixed reaction from the students. Some of them reported that learning the strategies fostered a positive change in advancing their reading skills, while others testified that strategies had only a negligible role in doing so. Therefore, this study suggests a 5 D approach to strategic reading – Decipher, Digest, Deduce, Detail and Discuss – to overcome the difficulties in reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this special issue ofHeat Transfer Engineeringyou will find selected papers presented during the 14th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering—ENCIT, held in Windsor Atlântica Hotel at Copacabana Beach, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 18–22, 2012. A cosmopolitan metropolis, known worldwide for its scenic beauty and its natural resources, Rio de Janeiro provides a harmonious and agreeable environment for its inhabitants and visitors. Rio de Janeiro hosts several games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, including the final game at the historical Stadium of Maracanã, as well as the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Nevertheless, Rio de Janeiro has also hosted the 14th ENCIT, which is organized under the auspices of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering (ABCM). ENCIT has been held every other year since 1986, and its recent editions have included more than 400 presentations of peer-reviewed papers. The ENCIT series of congresses has successfully served as the major forum for the interaction of professionals from the academia, industry, and government, within the heat transfer, thermodynamics, and fluid mechanics communities in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is our great pleasure to present this special issue ofHeat Transfer Engineeringwith a selection of papers presented at the 21st National & 10th ISHMT-ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, held on December 27–30, 2011. The conference was jointly sponsored by the Indian Society of Heat and Mass Transfer (ISHMT) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was held at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras campus in Chennai, India. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The field of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) is continually striving to use resources efficiently and manage complex processes. Now more than ever, there is a strong need for digital transformation in AEC. The improvement in the accessibility of consumer-based head-mounted displays (HMD) is attracting different entertainment and research fields to immersive virtual reality (VR) applications. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is known as a promising technology in AEC. The full potential of BIM is not yet employed to empower this field, however, and this could be a result of some barriers still to be surmounted by BIM in both technological and management perspectives. One of these barriers is the communication and collaboration between design, construction, operation, and maintenance phases. VR can fill this gap by providing additional capabilities for BIM which either were not available before or were not possible to employ in practical ways. In this paper, we systematically review recent research around the application of VR in BIM and discuss the results using the PRISMA flowchart. We discuss the most commonly used technologies, software, and evaluation methods and the various applications of VR in the reviewed papers. Finally, we extend the discussion by summarizing the potential future work in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The market share of small household appliances has grown tremendously in recent years. Varied innovation methods are applied in developing small household appliances, including Turkish Coffee Makers; however, Kansei Engineering has not yet been carried out in this field. This paper aims to conduct Kansei Engineering methodology on these machines to provide design inputs for industrial designers. The domain of the study is Turkish Coffee Makers with one pot and without a water tank, and the target is between 20-40 aged Turkish people. 382 participants attended the study, and 16 stimuli were utilised. The study methods are extracting Kansei words, selecting product properties, affinity diagram, SD Questionnaire, factor, descriptive, and PLS analyses. The results suggest that designers can generate Turkish Coffee Makers with Square with fillet as the top view, Trapezoid as the front view, C-shape cornered as the right view, and two colours as the main body colour; and design these products depending on the design factors of stylish, easy to use, joyful, trend follower, functional, desirable, youthful, dissimilar, and luxurious to succeed in the market. As a result, product designers might determine the product properties more efficiently via the findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave radiation has the ability to heat a material with dielectric properties. Material absorbs microwave energy and then converts it into heat, which gives the possibility of a wide use of microwaves in many industry sectors or agricultural sciences. Microwaves are especially widely used in food industry. The main objective of this paper is to present an overview of recent development regarding microwave applications in food industry. Many techniques in food processing (pasteurization, sterilization, drying, thawing, blanching and stunning) are assisted by microwave energy. It should be mentioned also the use of microwaves in nutrients and nutraceuticals production. Waste generation is an integral part of food production. Microwaves have also application in wastes management. The results of experiments, factors affecting heating and their practical application have been discussed. Many cases have been compared with conventional process methods. The use of microwaves shows many advantages. The most important aspect is shortening the time of the thermal process (even by 50%) and reducing the costs of the operation. In addition, it allows to increase the efficiency of processes while maintaining high quality. The examples of microwave applications given in the article are environmentally- friendly because the conditions of thermal processing allow for reducing the use of solvents and the amount of sewage by decreasing the demand for water. It is anticipated that microwaves will become increasingly popular, with the development of new microwave technologies solving many problems in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the propagation of surface waves in generalized magneto-thermoelastic media under influence of magnetic field and rotation and its applications in Engineering, Geophysics, and Petroleum extracting. The governing equations are considered for generalized thermoelastic problem under magnetic field and rotation and solved to obtain the general solution in x-z plane. The Lame's potential method considering harmonic functions for the physical quantities is used to obtain the secular equation and then the velocity and attenuation coefficient for the types of waves: Stoneley, Love, and Rayleigh. The appropriate boundary conditions at an interface between two dissimilar half-spaces are satisfied with appropriate particular solutions to obtain the frequency equation of the surface wave in the medium. Some special cases as: Stoneley waves, Rayleigh and Love waves also discussed and presented graphically to show the physical meaning of the external parameters effect on the petroleum extracting phenomena and its contributions in KSA vision 2030 in crystal, Iron and steel. A comparison is made with the previous results considering LS model and the absence of rotation that deduces to the previous results as a special case from the present study. Also, if the magnetic field and rotation vanish, the results obtained in the present work are discussed. Experimentally, the results obtained agree with the labs results obtained. The results obtained indicate to a significant impact of the magnetic field and rotation on the waves propagation phenomenon that contributes on the industries and related topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A family of three-step optimal eighth-order iterative algorithm is developed in this paper in order to find single roots of nonlinear equations using the weight function technique. The newly proposed iterative methods of eight order convergence need three function evaluations and one first derivative evaluation that satisfies the Kung–Traub optimality conjecture in terms of computational cost per iteration (i.e. 2 n − 1 ). Furthermore, using the primary theorem that establishes the convergence order, the theoretical convergence properties of our schemes are thoroughly investigated. On several engineering applications, the performance and efficiency of our optimal iteration algorithms are examined to those of existing competitors. The new iterative schemes are more efficient than the existing methods in the literature, as illustrated by the basins of attraction, dynamical planes, efficiency, log of residual, and numerical test examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of ethics education for undergraduate engineering students has been emphasized due to the manifold impacts of engineering on society. However, little is known about moral disengagement among engineering students, which could potentially lead to unethical engineering practice. Especially, it is not known how engineering students' moral disengagement changes over the course of their college studies. In this paper, we conducted a longitudinal, mixed-methods study to investigate moral disengagement among undergraduate engineering students (n = 274) using Bandura's theory of moral disengagement as a theoretical framework. We found engineering students' overall propensity to morally disengage did not change over time, but there were statistically significant differences in student responses to three mechanisms of moral disengagement. We further investigated these findings with students' interviews. Based on our results, we discuss various theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various outcome-based education (OBE) performance measurement approaches demonstrate students' attainment of a set of Graduate Attributes (GA) in the engineering programme. This paper presents four measurement models, namely the indicative, explicit, GA assessment, and culminating models, to measure GA attainment. The indicative model uses the total assessment mark as an indicator for GA attainment, whereas the explicit model utilises a specific mark from an assessment. The GA assessment and culminating models utilise the explicit approach from assessments that fulfil the GA requirement. The culminating model only consists of assessments from advanced and capstone courses. This research aims to determine whether the indicative model that uses an indicator approach can significantly represent GA attainment. This research also explores assessment selection differences in GA attainment. Statistical analysis was used to determine if the models were significantly different through the paired two-sample means t-test. The indicative model could not represent the GA attainment as it differed substantially from the explicit model. Both GA assessment and culminating models can be used to represent the attainment of students' GA. GA assessment model provides monitoring of students' progress in GA attainment, while the culminating models enable measurement at capstones and in advanced years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the findings of a study testing a novel social engineering attack called Malware-induced Misperception (MIM). The goal of the MIM attack is to induce misperception by using a man-in-the-middle malware that covertly rearranges the linguistic content of an authentic social media post, web page, or an e-mail. The MIM attack was tested in controlled settings ( N = 311) where the malware covertly manipulated the linguistic content of a Facebook discourse to induce misperception about the climate of opinion on a polarizing issue (freedom of speech on college campuses) by making conservative-leaning comments appear as liberal-leaning. The induced misperception was assessed in the context of the spiral-of-silence theory. The theory predicts that polarizing issues discourage commenting on social media if an individual's opinion diverges from the perceived climate of opinion on that issue. Consistent with the theory, the results suggest that the MIM attack can socially engineer the spiral-of-silence effect by manipulating the comments in a Facebook discourse to appeal to the individual's political ideology and gender identity. Additional Key Words and Phrases: Malware-Induced Misperception (MIM); spiral-of-silence; social engineering; Facebook, web security [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries recognize the necessity to continuously evaluate how well the collection supports the mission, goals, and priorities of the parent institution. This paper shares the results of the local citation analysis on engineering faculty research output from 2015 to 2019 conducted at De La Salle University. Scopus was used to harvest the documents published by the faculty as well as the list of all cited references in those records. The study aims to investigate how the engineering faculty are using publications, especially journals, for their research and determine how successful the collection is in supporting the research needs of the faculty. Findings will provide useful evidence for strategic planning in general and for making collection management decisions in particular [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procedural planning experiments often attempt to influence how planning actors think through producing physical and social environments that affect how they feel. In this paper such experiments are conceptualized as attempts at generating atmospheric "bubbles" through the engineering of affective atmospheres. Our empirical examples show that purposeful affective engineering is very difficult to achieve – and one cannot expect that their eventual outcomes can be predicted on the basis of the ambitions that underpin them. Therefore, it is crucial to remain attentive to questions concerning the variegated, distributed and often unexpected effects of such endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world faces grave problems stemming from environmental issues, but apocalyptic disaster is not inevitable. The problems arise primarily from human failure to understand the issues and act collectively to deal with them. Any solution must therefore address human factors. This paper considers two: a lack of clarity in thought, aims and action, and the destructive nature of unconstrained conflict at all levels, particularly between groups of all sizes. The first can be helped by the discipline of systems engineering which aims to achieve clarity in complex situations, and the second can use the clarity of understanding to help groups interact while having an attitude of both collaboration and competition. Means of achieving clarity are discussed. Examples demonstrate how clarity has cut through difficult problems and also, in some detail, how, in a major project management situation, a clear-thinking approach brought normally competing groups to work together in such a way that they had to simultaneously collaborate and compete to the delight of the clients and the mutual benefit of all. It can be done and catastrophe avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with modelling of radiation from arbitrarily shaped thin wires above a multilayer and related engineering applications. The formulation is based on the set of corresponding Pocklington integro-differential equations (IDEs) for curved wires. The influence of lower layered half-space is taken into account by means of simplified reflection coefficient stemming from modified image theory (MIT). The set of coupled IDEs is handled via Galerkin Bubnov variant of indirect boundary element method (GB-IBEM) for curvilinear elements. The related field radiated from a wire configuration is obtained from corresponding integral expressions including integration of the currents along a given wire configuration. Some illustrative computational examples for certain wire configurations pertaining to dipole antennas, power communication systems (PLC) and instrumental landing systems (ILS) are given in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]