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Diabetes is one of the common chronic diseases in worldwide and increasing among young children. Testing glycated hemoglobin levels as well as blood glucose levels is a method for detecting diabetes. In this article, with multivariate statistical analysis was used to monitor the blood glucose levels by the Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy. Principal component regression with direct orthogonal signal correction is developed and applied to analyze the glucose concentration with the blood Raman spectroscopy. The root means square error of calibration is 3.0824 mg/dL (0.1712 mmol/L), the root means square error of prediction is 3.2688 mg/dL (0.1816 mmol/L), the correlation coefficients (R2) is.9946 and ratio of performance to deviation is 6.4789 and, respectively. The results show that this method can be used as a strong potential diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the development of imaging, the etiology of ocular lesions caused by lung cancer was not found only intraocular. Neuro‐ophthalmological imaging has been found to be useful for the diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis, although few studies have previously been published. Our study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if there was a the relationship between ocular symptoms and lung cancer metastasis. Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis which included patients with ocular lesions and lung cancer on which orbit MRI was performed together with ocular examination during January 2014 to January 2022. Here, we describe the characteristics of intraocular metastasis and optic nerve sheath lesions. Results: A total of 21 lung cancer patients had ocular lesions, of which eight cases had choroidal metastasis; a further eight patients had optic nerve sheath lesions. There was one case (12.5%) of choroidal metastasis with brain or meningeal metastasis, and eight cases (100%) with optic nerve sheath lesions with brain or meningeal metastasis. A total of 75.0% patients with choroidal metastasis did not have any history of known lung cancer, and 25.0% of optic nerve sheath lesions in patients were found before a meningeal metastasis diagnosis. The features of optic nerve sheath lesions included thickening and strengthening of the long segment of the orbital optic nerve sheath with a clear boundary. Conclusions: The pathway of choroidal and optic nerve sheath lesions was different. Optic nerve sheath lesions were associated with brain and meningeal metastasis. When lung cancer‐induced meningeal metastasis is suspected, orbital MRI is recommended to assist in the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent intracranial meningeal metastases (IMM) of lung cancer is difficult to determine, yet it is critical to do so given that it impacts the treatment agent. Studies on this disease are rare, thus necessitating further investigation. As a case study, we will explore the application of optic neuroimaging in IMM. A 62‐year‐old female patient was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, which had progressed to osseous metastasis. During the course of chemotherapy, the patient had bilateral vision loss and paralysis of extraocular muscles. Ophthalmologists ruled out disease of the retina and suspected intracranial metastasis; however, brain‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography were normal. Given the patient's severe osteoarthropathy and poor physical condition, she refused to undergo a lumbar puncture examination. Optic neuro‐ophthalmology imaging was ultimately used. Utilizing optical coherence tomography, we found that the basement membrane layer in the papilledema was protruding up towards the vitreous cavity. To assist in visualization, the optic nerve sheath was enhanced with optic magnetic resonance imaging. With these methods, the dural metastasis was identified, the treatment agent was changed for the patient, and she had a successful recovery. Thus, optic neuro‐ophthalmology imaging should be recommended for patients who are in the latent course of dural metastasis, and it could also be used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute paraquat poisoning resulting from multiple organ failure usually has a high mortality rate. Liver and kidney, as the key oranges of paraquat detoxification and elimination, their injuries may suppress toxin excretion and enhance the toxicity of paraquat in other organs and worsen the prognosis. Therefore, we intended to explore the prognostic value of liver and kidney function parameters, and further evaluate their correlation with a more stable index urine‐to‐plasma paraquat (urine paraquat concentrations/plasma paraquat concentrations) instead of considering paraquat concentrations in plasma or urine alone. The study included 33 patients with acute paraquat poisoning admitted to four centres in China from January 2018 to December 2019. Seventeen patients (10 male/7 female) survived, whereas 16 patients (7 male/9 female, 48.48%) died from paraquat poisoning. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) represent liver and kidney function parameters, respectively. The ratio of urine‐to‐plasma paraquat is negatively correlated with ALT (r = −0.94, P = 0.02) and BUN (r = −0.82, P = 0.03). For receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, ALT, BUN and urine‐to‐plasma paraquat have an AUC over 0.80. The study shows that the functional indexes of liver and kidney, as well as the ratio of urine‐to‐plasma paraquat, could be considered for evaluating the extent of organ injury and excretion rate of paraquat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Recently, there has been burgeoning interest in the utilization of fully covered self‐expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) for managing main pancreatic duct strictures (MPDS) in chronic pancreatitis (CP). The primary aim was to investigate stricture resolution and recurrence rates of FCSEMS placement in patients with symptomatic CP complicated with MPDS. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library (up to December 2019) were searched to identify eligible studies. A meta‐analysis of stricture resolution and recurrence rates was carried out using R. The crude rate of adverse events related to stent therapy was also calculated. Results: Ten studies involving 163 patients were included. The weighted pooled rate of MPDS resolution was 93% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 84–99%) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 63%). Duration of stent placement more than 3 months did not result in a significantly higher resolution rate than that of 3 months or less (93% vs 93%, P = 0.91). The weighted pooled rate of stricture recurrence was 5% (95%CI: 0–12%). The stricture recurrence rate for patients with duration of stent placement more than 3 months (3%; 95%CI: 0–10%) was lower than that in patients with 3 months or less of stent placement (7%; 95%CI: 0–23%), but not significantly (P = 0.45). The overall rate of adverse events related to stent therapy was 34.9%, and spontaneous stent migration occurred in 14.1% of patients. Conclusions: The use of FCSEMSs appears to be effective and safe in the management of MPDS caused by symptomatic CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was first reported in heart development. Recent studies have shown that EndMT also occurs in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Herein, we demonstrated a critical role of the Forkhead Box M1 (Foxm1) transcription factor in transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)‐induced EndMT in endothelial cells (ECs) and a possible underlying molecular mechanism. Foxm1 was induced in ECs following TGF‐β stimulation. Using both pharmacological and molecular approaches to inhibit Foxm1 function can attenuate the TGF‐β‐induced EndMT and cell migration. In contrast, lentivirus‐mediated overexpression of Foxm1 allowed EndMT to proceed despite the absence of TGF‐β in ECs. Moreover, we found that the activation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway and EndMT‐related transcription factors played important roles in the pathogenesis of Foxm1‐mediated EndMT. Further analysis revealed that Foxm1 bound to and increased the promoter activity of the Snail gene encoding a critical transcriptional regulator of EndMT. In conclusion, our results identify FOXM1 as a driver of TGF‐β‐induced EndMT and underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting FOXM1 for cardiac fibrosis. We found that the activation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway and endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT)‐related transcription factors played important roles in the pathogenesis of Forkhead Box M1 (Foxm1)‐mediated EndMT. Our results identify FOXM1 as a driver of TGF‐β‐induced EndMT and underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting FOXM1 for cardiac fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphangiomatosis is a rare, benign, hyperproliferative hamartoma composed of dilated lymphatic vessels. Cystic lymphangioma (CL) in the chest wall in an adult patient is rare, but we focus on this type of patient in our present case study. A 54‐year‐old female patient with a painless mass in her chest wall went without treatment for two years following diagnosis. After consenting to treatment, Doppler color flow imaging (DCFI), chest CT, and MRI revealed a cystic lesion with multiple thin septula in the left chest. Surgical resection was performed, and histopathological examination identified a cystic lymphangioma. The patient did not experience recurrence during the follow‐up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Subcutaneous xenograft is a common method to establish animal models of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the growth microenvironment of transplanted tumors is different from primary tumors. Orthotopic implantation models can provide more biologically relevant context in which to study the disease. So far, an orthotopic implantation model of ESCC has rarely been reported. Methods The human ESCC cell line KYSE30 was transfected with pLVX- Luciferase plasmids. KYSE30- Luciferase cells were isolated and injected into the flanks of nude mice to develop a subcutaneous tumor. An orthotopic implantation model was established using the fragments derived from the subcutaneous tumor. Fluorescence imaging was used to observe the development of the orthotopic implanted tumor. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate the invasion and metastasis of the tumor. Results KYSE30 cells were successfully transfected with pLVX- Luciferase plasmids. A primary tumor was developed in all mice. The mice experienced body weight loss. The implanted tumor infiltrated into the esophageal muscularis propria. However, neither distant organ nor lymph node metastasis was found. The progression of the primary tumor was monitored by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Conclusion The orthotopic implantation model can be established by sewing the fragments of human ESCC to the abdominal esophagus of a nude mouse. The progression of an orthotopic implantation tumor can be monitored in real time by in vivo fluorescence imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article investigates the composite adaptive fuzzy finite‐time prescribed performance control issue of switched nonlinear systems subject to the unknown external disturbance and performance requirement. First, by utilizing the compensation and prediction errors, the piecewise switched composite parameter update law is employed to improve the approximation accuracy of the unknown nonlinearity. Then, the improved fractional‐order filter and error compensation signal are introduced to cope with the influences caused by the explosive calculation and filter error, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of the compound disturbances consisting of the unknown disturbances and approximation errors is reduced appropriately by designing the piecewise switched nonlinear disturbance observer. Moreover, stability analysis results prove that the proposed preassigned performance control scheme not only ensures that all states of the closed‐loop system are practical finite‐time bounded, but also that the tracking error converges to a preassigned area with a finite time. Ultimately, the simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article investigates the adaptive finite‐time control design with performance assurance for nonlinear Markov jumping systems. First, the radial basis function neural networks are applied to tackle unknown nonlinear terms. Subsequently, within the framework of the command‐filtered backstepping control, the new error compensation signals are devised to remove the effect caused by filter error. Additionally, an adaptive finite‐time prescribed performance control law with an event‐triggered mechanism is developed to achieve a balance between tracking performance and bandwidth consumption, which ensures that the closed‐loop system is practically finite‐time stable in mean square and guarantees that the tracking error adjusts to the predetermined area. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the validity and superiority of the devised scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the issue of dissipative synchronisation for inertial neural networks with Markovian jumping parameters and reaction–diffusion terms via the event‐based control strategy. First, for study convenience, by employing a suitable variable substitution, the original synchronisation error system is transformed to a first‐order differential one, and then it is reformed as a compact form. Second, an innovative event‐triggered communication scheme that consists of the system's state and its first‐order derivatives is proposed, with which the current sampling signal is judged whether should be released. Third, by constructing a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, and integrating the reciprocally convex combination method, free‐weighting matrix approach and Wirtinger‐based integral inequality, the dissipative synchronisation criterion that has less conservatism is derived. Finally, two examples are provided, one is a simple numerical example to account for the effectiveness of the main results, the other realises the application of this study in establishing a spatiotemporal chaotic cryptosystem to transmit the encrypted image. Furthermore, the proposed cryptosystem has been illustrated to have obvious advantages of large key space and high security by simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study developed a new strategy for adaptive fixed‐time output feedback control of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems involving unmeasurable external disturbances and actuator faults. Two actuator faults, loss of effectiveness and lock‐in‐place were simultaneously considered. Furthermore, a composite observer was used in MIMO systems to estimate unmeasurable states and external disturbances simultaneously, and radial basis function neural networks were employed to identify unknown internal nonlinearities. Additionally, the command‐filtered backstepping approach was applied to avoid tedious analytic calculations of the backstepping framework, and a compensation item was constructed to attenuate the filter error. A fault‐tolerant controller was developed to ensure that the overall states of the controlled system were practically fixed‐time bounded while the tracking error was regulated to the equilibrium region having a fixed‐time convergence ratio. Illustrative studies showed the validity and practicability of the proposed theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of the title compound (I) is achieved on a gram scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia nowadays. The occurrence of AF is closely associated with obesity. Cadherin‐11 (Cad‐11), as a member of the cadherin family, can make a contribution to diet‐induced obesity and it will be informative to know whether Cad‐11 exerts its effects on atrial remodeling and AF vulnerability in a diet‐induced obesity model. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of Cad‐11 was significantly upregulated in the left atrium of AF patients with obesity and mice following 16 weeks of high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding. Further confirmed that Cad‐11 could regulate the activity of atrial fibroblasts by participating in inducing proinflammatory cytokines production. At animal levels, we found that although there was a lack of statistical difference in body weight, Cad‐11−/− mice could markedly improve impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia. Adverse atrial structural remodeling, including atrial enlargement, inflammation, and fibrosis provoked by HFD feeding were mitigated in Cad‐11−/− mice. Mechanistically, Cad‐11 activated mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐κB for interleukin‐6 production in atrial fibroblasts that may contribute to the atrial fibrosis process in obesity‐related AF, suggesting Cad‐11 might be a new therapeutic target for obesity‐related AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses event‐triggered point control design for semilinear partial differential equation systems by using pointwise measurements. First, the nonlinear terms existing in the plant are approximated by Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model, based on which a novel fuzzy controller is constructed. The main novelties of the control strategy are summarized as follows: (1) The one‐dimensional space is divided into L parts, and only a few points need to measure. (2) Event‐triggered communication scheme is introduced to save the limited transmission channel. (3) Pointwise control is considered to reduce the control cost via utilizing limited actuators. Second, the conditions that guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system are established by using Lyapunov direct method and some inequality techniques including Wirtinger's and Halanay's inequalities, and the controller gains can be obtained via solving linear matrix inequalities. Third, three simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A preoperative chest computed tomography examination of the right breast in a 52‐year‐old woman with breast cancer revealed multiple nodules in both lungs. The nodule in the apical segment of the upper lobe of the right lung was larger, at a diameter of approximately 2.1 cm. The patient underwent resection of the right breast, followed by thoracoscopic wedge resection of four pulmonary nodules. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry showed that the nodules in the apical and anterior segments of the upper lobe and the paravertebral nodule in the lower lobe of the right lung were primary adenocarcinoma, and the subpleural nodule in the lower lobe of the right lung was infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Exon sequencing was conducted in the resected tissue samples and blood specimens. According to the characteristics of the somatic mutations, the nodule in the apical segment of the upper lobe of the right lung was primary lung adenocarcinoma, the nodule in the anterior segment of the upper lobe and the paravertebral nodule in the lower lobe of the right lung were intrapulmonary metastatic cancer, and the subpleural nodule in the lower lobe of the right lung indicated early stage tumor progression. This case provides new evidence that conducting gene detection in multiple tissue samples from patients who have undergone resection may assist to determine the relationship among multiple nodules in the lung to exclude lung metastasis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]