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Single-author papers are the lowest relative contributors to the research output of international open access journals BioInvasions Records (BIR), Aquatic Invasions (AI) and Management of Biological Invasions (MBI), accounting for 5% or less of published papers. In contrast, papers by four or more authors are the highest contributors, accounting for over half of the research output for the three journals. Papers by two or three authors are intermediate between these extremes, accounting for 15-23% of research ouputs. The relative contributions of research papers by single-authors to the output of AI and MBI has also significantly declined over time, while concurrently those by four or more authors has significantly increased. Although not significant, a similar pattern is also evident in BIR. Considering invasion ecology research, factors such as increasing globalisation, the increasing use of transboundary data-sets for invasive species and the proliferation of collaborative multidisciplinary author teams with multiple skill-sets, may be driving single-author papers to extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LCA studies on waste management have been promoted as they can help policy makers choose the best environmental options. However, the increasing globalization of raw materials and waste makes the optimization of waste management strategies and policies quite challenging. Therefore, new approaches are needed in order to identify the consequences of markets on the waste management systems. This paper concentrates on the quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of recycling processes. The aim is to generate a comprehensive assessment of GHG emissions as a consequence of increasing the amount of material collected for recycling. Consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) is an effective methodological framework for addressing GHG quantifications within market, but to properly perform and assess all of the market links between raw materials and waste, it is necessary to determine the cause-effect chains made up of physical flows. Thus, we propose integrating the methodologies of material flow analysis (MFA) and CLCA. We applied these methodologies to the paper and cardboard recycling system in Spain. The GHG results varied between −36 kg CO 2 eq. and −317 kg CO 2 eq. per ton of waste paper collected, depending on the quantity of waste paper exported and the source of marginal pulp considered. The cumulative energy demand (CED) was also calculated as complementary indicator. Similar trends as for GHG emissions were obtained. The future GHG quantifications should be based on the flows described by MFA analysis and should be quantified using CLCA because methodologies that accurately account for GHG are necessary for decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are highly important for producing highvalue-added innovative and intermediary goods and play a crucial role in being suppliers of large enterprises, their financial restraints cause them to encounter problems regarding their internationalization process and financial performance. As a dynamic capability of Resourcebased View theory (RBV), the usage of marketing communication tools (MCTs) by SMEs, such as social media (SM), websites, telemarketing, direct mail, SMS campaigns, and Google Adwords, increases the competitiveness of SMEs and might enable them to reduce their financial performance and export concerns. However, the usage of these tools can differ depending on the firm's country of origin since countries have various socio-economic and cultural conditions that affect the competitiveness of firms and their marketing communication approaches to their export and financial performance. In this regard, this paper aims to find international differences in the impact of the usage of MCTs on export and financial performance. This paper examines 1221 SMEs from Czechia, Slovakia, and Hungary for this aim. The researchers created an online questionnaire to collect data from randomly selected respondents in the research sample. The researchers also ran Binary Logistic Regression analyses for analysis purposes. Although this paper confirms international differences in the impact of MCTs on the export of SMEs, the effect of SM usage on the financial performance of SMEs does not differ depending on the SMEs' country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of advanced biotechnologies has intensified in recent years. The rapid development of these biotechnologies has had a wide and profound impact globally, with the majority on the frontier of biosecurity technologies. The global biosecurity situation is currently highly challenging, with the characteristics of internationalization, extremely serious harm, and complex development. The misuse and abuse of biotechnologies are common, which thereby endanger biosecurity. The international community and governments have attached great importance to cutting-edge biotechnologies and are implementing laws and regulations to control and prevent biosecurity-related influences. By tracking the frontier progress of the new technologies generated from gene editing, gene drives, synthetic biology, and related cross-disciplines as applied in the biosecurity field, we analyzed the development trends in biotechnologies and their potential influence. On the one hand, this paper proposes that there is an urgent need for global cooperation to formulate management, control strategies, and measures for cutting-edge technologies in biosecurity to jointly promote their sound development. On the other hand, the international community should jointly shoulder the responsibility for safeguarding biosecurity and restrict the biotechnologies to rational applications within legal and ethical frameworks. This paper aims to provide a reference for the prevention of misuse and abuse of biotechnologies and support global cooperation in biosecurity governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and the increasing interconnectivity of the international system has brought about changes in the nature of state relations and newer trends in security threats within the international system. Security threats that hitherto did not exist are now made manifest with the aid of globalization particularly as a result of advancement in information, communication and transportation technologies. Cyber-crime, transnational crimes, money laundry, human trafficking, terrorism financing, proliferation of small arms and light weapons amongst several other security threats now characterize the global system. This paper therefore attempts to interrogate globalization as a driver for insecurity. It is the position of this paper that national and international security dynamics have changes because of globalization. It is desk research and relies basically on secondary data. The paper therefore recommends the need for states to adopt security strategies that are in line with global trends so as to address security challenges. It also recommends the application of technology in addressing national security challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an analysis of the historical trajectory of Turkish geographical practice over the past four decades, situated within the broader socio-political landscape of the country. The transmission of the modern geographical tradition from continental Europe to Turkey during the interwar period established the discipline as a holistic science of the human-environment relationship. Although this understanding started to change after the 1968 events, the 1980 Turkish military coup abruptly disrupted innovative endeavors in the discipline, prompting a resurgence of regionally focused synthesis within geography. This insular approach prevailed for several decades but began to evolve in response to the internationalization trends that emerged in the 2000s, with deliberate steps taken toward fostering innovation. Despite institutional damage resulting from the political developments following the 2016 military coup attempt, the discipline maintained its commitment to innovation. This paper critically examines the divergent responses of Turkish geography and its practitioners to the 1980 military coup and the 2016 coup attempt, highlighting the significant influence of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global education presents an opportunity for all classroom teachers, regardless of subject or grade level, to engage students in understanding globally relevant issues that extend from content taught in class and providing opportunities for students to develop solutions and enact strategies in addressing these issues. These issues are embodied within the Sustainable Development Goals—a series of 17 goals established by the United Nations that collectively work toward providing an opportunity for all global citizens to survive and prosper today and for generations to follow. This paper describes strategies for STEM teachers to integrate global education within their classroom and empower their students to solve real-world problems experienced in the global community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the status of national learned societies in social sciences and humanities (SSH) in Europe. Previous research shows that learned societies serve diverse roles in higher education and suggests that national societies come under pressure given different developments, such as internationalization or open science adoption. We investigate a comprehensive range of aspects within national learned societies: primary goals, activities, internationalization, organization, funding, membership, and recent changes, addressing potential pressures arising from them. Using a cross‐national survey involving 194 learned societies across eight European countries, we study: (a) do the previous findings from individual countries or small selections of national societies hold for a broad range of learned societies in SSH across Europe, and (b) are national learned societies coming under pressure due to internationalization and commercialization processes? Our findings confirm previous results from single countries and single disciplines and expand them as our results show that national learned societies in SSH play an important role in Europe in promoting multilingualism in science, collaborating with many stakeholders, and fostering interdisciplinarity. Contrary to previous research, most SSH societies in our study have not undergone significant changes in the past 5 years, challenging expectations of their declining role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of cloisonné enamel production in China during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, Christian workshops, whether operating under missionary subcontracting or owned by the Catholic Church, have yet to be accurately identified and contextualized. This article delves into three significant contexts. Firstly, it identifies and contextualizes the Christian connections and interactions of the Decheng private cloisonné workshop, involving the French Lazarist Bishop Alphonse Favier, in Beijing. Secondly, it identifies the cloisonné workshop stablished by the Lazarists in the Beitang complex in Beijing and elucidates the role it played. Finally, this paper presents new evidence concerning cloisonné Christian objects crafted by the Tushanwan Jesuit workshop in Shanghai. Some of the primary works of these three workshops are identified for the first time. Additionally, this paper shows that certain cloisonné crosses, some of them thought to be originally Japanese, including those referred to as Namban, were, in fact, crafted in Beijing during the 1920s. These preliminary results will contribute to placing Chinese Christian cloisonné within the history of Chinese Art and its interactions at a global level in the context of evangelization in China, the production of the so-called export art, and the processes of indigenization carried out by the Lazarists and the Jesuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are multiple positive effects of internationalization of Higher Education (HE) on enriching students' experiences in general and providing opportunities for exchange and development of all segments of university functioning. This paper aims to contribute to determining the role of institutional QA in promotion of the international cooperation in HE by analysing undergraduate students' perceptions on their international experience and comparing them to their home University. Individual experiences of students from the Southeast European University (SEEU) in North Macedonia, who participated in Erasmus exchange program in the last two academic years (2021/22 and 2022/23), with regard to the main quality assurance (QA) principles and measurements applied at their home University, are being considered. Their academic progress at the international universities is also taken into consideration. The aim is to collect firsthand information from the main stakeholders in the QA process about areas that can be further developed, as well as to position SEEU and self-check where it stands comparing and benchmarking it with some reputable European universities in order to better prepare its students for the international job market. SEEU has one of the most developed QA systems in the wider region, created and constantly being developed based on the international standards and guidelines and the long institutional experience. Thus, the paper also aims to contribute to defining some basic standards of internationalization of QA which would be recommended to the institutions from less developed, ITC (inclusiveness target countries) in order to assist them to place and welcome international students more successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the macroeconomic and social determinants of voting behavior, and especially of political polarization – defined here as the increasing electoral success of far-right and far-left parties – in 20 advanced countries using annual data from 1970 to 2016 and covering 291 parliamentary elections. Our analysis indicates that the link between income inequality and political polarization appears to have significantly changed over the last 20 years. Indeed, we find that both average net income inequality, as well as the bottom 10% income share are statistically linked to the recent success of far-right parties (but not of far-left parties), while the top 10% or top 20% income shares are not. The link of income inequality and political polarization, and in particular the increasing success of far-right parties, thus seems to be based on the deterioration of the relative economic position especially of the poorest fraction of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study examined how an Indigenous Kalasha participant in northern Pakistan makes sense of his multi-faceted identity. The interpretative phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze data from an in-depth, single person case study. Our selected participant was a 36-year-old male postgraduate student from an Indigenous marginalized tribe, which is an ethnic and religious minority group in the northern Hindukush mountain region of Pakistan. Results are presented in four superordinate themes: (1) Identity: admixture of a number of identities, (2) Changing culture and its psychological impact, (3) Cultural protective factors against psychological problems and (4) Mental health perspective. The findings explained the construct of "identity" in an indigenous way that takes varying forms ranging from admixture of identities (ethnic and national identities) to how globalization, transition, and adaptation processes have been disrupting the practice of Kalasha cultural traditions. The findings also revealed the factors deeply enrooted in Kalasha culture and traditions that have helped people maintain their psychological resilience and buffered against psychological problems. This paper is presented as an appropriate method for advancing psychological understanding of "cultural identity" and exploring the connections between the two constructs of "mental health" and "identity." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Works Council (EWC) Directive provides the establishment of a social partnership forum within Multinational Companies (MNCs). The directive gives employees the right to information and consultation with the supra-national group management. The aim of this concept paper is to contribute to the debate on the Europeanization of Industrial Relations (IR) in the European Union. Specifically, it assesses the influence that EWCs, a novel institution within certain Euro-companies, have on the convergence of industrial relations among the member states. This critical topic can be evaluated from the standpoint of the current theory and its practical implications in order to draw the perspectives for a European system of IR both within MNCs and the rest of the companies. Our conclusions indicate that EWCs contribute to Europeanization in several aspects of employee relations, although this contribution has been limited to those issues that are wished for by the MNCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the concept of "global civil society" - which played a major role in the symbolic construction of the post-Cold War social reality - and reflects on its initial purpose as a critique of the conventional perceptions of statecentric politics and as a change of approach, towards non-party politics and cross-border activism. While it opened new horizons for the empirical analysis of "globalisation from below", this concept failed to prompt a radical epistemological change; it did not succeed in generating knowledge that transcended "methodological nationalism". The paper maintains that what once constituted the concept's disruptive potential - its conceptual enmeshment with the idea of globalisation, reflected in the adjective global - ultimately tamed it. Drawing on this premise, the aim is to rekindle the spirit of the notion of "global civil society" by introducing a concept that takes up and pushes forward this unachieved goal: "planetary politics". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of trade, finance and investment policy as priorities for those engaged in promoting the respect and defense of economic and social rights has to do with the increasing realization that, in the struggle to promote those rights, such policies cannot be ignored or abstracted as a separate field. The human rights paradigm as shaped by post-World War II developments which relies on the responsibility of state actors is complemented by economic aspects of globalization, e.g. the rise of international trade and financial flows across borders, deregulation, privatization and the reduction of the role of the state, culminating in an eroding capacity of states to take active measures required to respect, protect and fulfill human rights in their territorial jurisdiction. On the other hand, international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have increased their influence on the capacity of states to implement human rights obligations This paper seeks to fulfill several aims. Based on an overview of trends posed by the intersection of trade, investment and financial policies and human rights, the rich landscape of strategies and activities for human rights advocates will be presented. Before formulating some recommendations in the last chapter, the success stories and future trends, including opportunities and obstacles will be looked at. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies analyzing the impact of globalization and post-Fordism in Latin American cities have shown significant transformations to the shape and content of urban spaces. These phenomena have been referred to as socio-spatial fragmentation. The fragmentation of Brazil's socio-spatial environment has manifested itself through multiple events, which have been analyzed in several studies. Considering that debate, this paper aims to investigate some of the aspects, i.e. the emergence of new centralities on the outskirts of cities, the expansion of "fortified" housing on the suburbs aimed at people from the middle and upper classes in conjunction with affordable housing such as the PMCMV, and new segmented consumption practices such as shopping centres. This is why the idea is to characterize these changes in medium-sized Brazilian cities, as represented here by the cities of Marabá-PA and Mossoró-RN, using trade, service, consumer space and housing data and locations as well as fieldwork to obtain an analytical understanding of said phenomena. As such, this study is one of the initial results of a contemporary analysis into social and spatial fragmentation processes and the social division of urban space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the case of Egyptian footballer Mohamed Salah, from Liverpool FC in England, as a successful example of building a transcultural idol within a scenario of the internationalization of football as business. We study his social medias through organic monitoring from 2021 to 2023, to understand how the athlete image would help overcoming cultural barriers. We established five categories (work, success, family, multiculturalism, and commercial legitimacy) around cultural signs, analysing the posts in the light of the concept of hyper-ritualization. We argue that the football player manages to build a multiculturalist image by overcoming national barriers. We argue that he does this by the positive image he builds on his social medias, allowing him transit through different cultural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how Brazilian and Angolan national-popular songs were related in a space of cultural circulation on a transnational scale. For this goal, it takes as its object a tour of Brazilian musicians to Angola, in 1980, called Kalunga Project. It proposes an analytical path which apprehends the musical event as a heuristic object while it aims to investigate how the two national musical formations were confronted in their nationalization and internationalization strategies. It is an attempt to compare two musical realities, prioritizing an examination of the development of the Angolan national and popular music in the post-independence period, based on field study in Angola as well as an analysis of documentary and bibliographic sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the expansion of social policies in South Korea during the context of globalization, by linking two theoretical approaches: social investment and the New Developmental State. Applying the case study method, I endorse the hypothesis of complementarily between the welfare state and the developmental state. The article shows that between the 1990s and the 2010s, South Korea expanded all sectors of social policies analyzed. Beyond the expansion of passive policies, active policies (including education) were reshaped in an integrated manner with the industrial policy to promote innovation, pursuing the transition to the knowledge-based society; also the family policy became one of the most generous among OECD countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, we sociologically thematize the phenomena of cultural contact, contact areas and (trans)cultural identity through the prism of metatheoretical positions of social sciences that problematize them in different ways. The frame of reference is a sociological analysis of interrelationships, interconnections as well as conditioning of acculturation, transacculturation and (trans)cultural identity, and their temporal reflection in sociocultural reality. As a kind of social complex, the mentioned cultural triptych has a discursive interpretation tradition which, to some extent, is opposed by posterior interpretations whose starting points are found in modern scientific discourses. Therefore, primarily due to the transparency of the scientific text, we have included in the sublogical framework a theoretical analysis of the main components of the concept from which the indicated processes derive, namely culture. Namely, social synchronicity and potential, and the dialectic unity of these components are the priority goal of acculturation and transacculturation, and later the means by which these processes are realized in a certain sociocultural space, forming new identities. Through the application of the static-dynamic backbone of culture, we had to touch on mega-processes such as modernization, globalization, postmodernization in the sense of the colloquial and linguistic extinction of some of them, and the direction of science towards "theoretical neologism" and "scientific intermezzo" that describe the current state society in totality, and which finds its origins in history, that is, in already existing thought concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last three decades, a cultural perspective has been used to understand scientific knowledge and technology. This relatively new perspective has introduced literature on the ethical dimension to the development of technology, which are embedded in techniques, tools and artifacts. Today, more than ever, there is an urgent need to comprehend the global ramifications of modernization. In this paper, we make an attempt to look at science and technology based on culture, wisdom, ecology and ethical values. We move towards reviewing and consolidating significant literature on philosophy of technology and culture within contemporary times. Furthermore, this article touches upon the transformative power of technologies in relation to modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, about 20 universities in China offer undergraduate courses related to pulp and paper. This large number is congruent with the rapid development of the Chinese pulp and paper industry in the past several decades. In the context of ever-increasing internationalization and global cooperation, English-assisted teaching in Chinese universities has much potential. The wide-spread implementation of English-assisted teaching would promote the career development of students and help foster the advancement of the Chinese pulp and paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses Mikhail Bakhtin and Homi K. Bhabha’s notions of hybridity as an interpretive tool in a traditional market area situated to the north of the center of Calcutta called Barabazaar or the Great Bazaar. More specifically, I study the changing effects of colonialization and globalization on a small group of Marwari paper traders in an area at the southern end of Barabazaar called China Bazaar. Acknowledging the overlapping geographies, both indigenous and foreign, that were and are constantly negotiated in places such as Barabazaar, I define a concept of hybrid space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies a historical, cultural and social perspective to analyse the political transnationalism of indigenous peoples. Using key concepts like indigenous movements and transnational defence networks, alongside desk study and analysis of indigenous organisations' goals and programmes, this paper proposes a classification and definition of three types of indigenous political transnationalism: migratory, institutional and relating to transnational peoples. Examples are given for each, including indigenous organisations from America, Africa, Asia and international organizations, with the aim of revealing the complexity and importance of transnationalism as a fundamental factor in the indigenous protests of the last decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the great current challenges at the global level is represented by finding sustainable production systems that ensure both social, economic and environmental sustainability, while at the same time pursuing the optimal provision of production, trade or consumption indicators. Globalization is the one that affected those producers who, not having access to alternative markets, had to sell their goods at much lower prices, thus making the very principles of equity and efficiency affected. The solution was represented by the practice of fair trade and the application of sustainable supply systems, which represent ways to solve these shortcomings. This paperanalyzes the situation of fair trade worldwide and its evolution for the period 2012-2020. The research methodology assumed the collection of data, their processing and analysis with the help of some statistical indicators such as: the number of Fairtrade organizations, the number of Fairtrade farmers, the number of workers in Fairtrade organizations, the proportion of women involved in Fairtrade activities, the areas intended for obtaining Fairtrade productions, Fairtrade productions, premiums granted in Fairtrade. The data highlighted the fact that worldwide, during the analyzed period, there was a continuous increase in fair trade, the increase being over 65% in terms of the number of producer organizations. The number of farmers reached over 1.77 million in 2020, this being the result of understanding the role of affiliation to this form of trade. The largest number of producers participating in fair trade are producers of coffee, tea or cocoa, their share being, in the analyzed period, between 86-92%. The paper highlights the fact that the emergence and development of fair trade represented a way of supporting farmers and agricultural workers in developing countries, this can be done both by the political environment, but also by society. Although the application of these measures has contributed to the increase in the standard of living, to the respect of the rights of farmers and workers, equally with the principles of sustainable development, the weight of fair trade in all trade, proves the fact that it is still carried out on a small scale, as there is a need for the development yes, with the aim of reducing global poverty.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture is the very bedrock of a society, and in its entire dimension, is a fundamental component of national development. It is known generally as the total way of life of a people. The paper examines the role of cultural security in development in Nigeria. Using only secondary sources, it is emphasized here that cultural security plays an important role in development, cutting across the economic, political, social, environmental spheres. It brings about social cohesion, unity, peace and stability, progress and growth. It reduces poverty, provides employment opportunities and generates income inter alia. While the paper identified certain factors that militate against cultural security such as globalisation, conflict and violence, breakdown in cultural norms and values, lack of cultural intelligence, it reiterates the need to place culture at the core of governance. It also calls for a deliberate and conscious efforts of government at all levels to plan and implement policies and programmes that are culture-centred and culture-sensitive in order to promote cultural security and in turn engender national development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic terrorism. Using a cross-national, time-series analysis of 114 countries from 1991–2017, and employing structural equation modeling to test a number of mediating factors, we find that the impact of FDI on domestic terrorism depends on the host state's level of economic development. For host countries at higher-income levels, FDI boosts economic development and global integration promoting prosperity, increasing counterterrorism resources, and reducing the economic grievances that foster terrorism. Conversely, for lower-income host countries, increased FDI fuels higher domestic terrorism, as it intensifies clashes between traditional and modern elements within society, raises economic discrimination, heightens perceptions of economic insecurity, and subsequently leads to grievances directed against the state. Our results indicate a curvilinear relationship between FDI inflows and domestic terrorism, suggesting that FDI produces a double-edged sword between promoting economic development and increasing domestic terrorism in host states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the topic of Forecasting in the era of globalization on retail, influenced by Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is defined as the science of creating machines with the ability to achieve goals in the world. Humanity is currently facing a great change. We will live in a world of technology, which brings with it many opportunities but also many unknowns and challenges. They are generated by the impact of globalization, technological progress and the changes generated by the presence of millennials. Retail stores should be open to AI but be careful to adopt those AI solutions that lend themselves to their specific context. For this scientific article we implemented a qualitative research. Among other things, following the research, we found out that Artificial Intelligence applied in retail is the solution to achieve higher performance in the field of retail, but without being used in an unethical way. The results obtained from the research provide an overview of Artificial Intelligence in the sphere of the web at the present time. Considering the direction in which technology is evolving and based on the arguments of specialists, it can be stated that Artificial Intelligence will represent an element of distinctiveness and competitive advantage in the era of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the importance of fraternity in building more fair and humane societies. The globalised world poses new challenges to the understanding of fraternity, especially when it is seen as an attack on the dignity of each person. Religions are considered to have an important role to play in responding to the dehumanisation that a certain type of globalisation can promote. To this end, we reflect on the threats and opportunities that the globalised world offers and how religious thought can make a positive contribution. Based on Pope Francis' challenges, we will respond to what the "something greater" is that fraternity has to offer the world. The answer is developed using sources from the sacred scripture and the patristics to understand Christianity, where it is concluded that the model of relationships between people, in the thought of the magisterium in the light of sacred scripture, aims to awaken the awareness of a social friendship, which will grow to the extent that one offers what is best for the other, simply by loving them and being who they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The network structures that have arisen out of globalisation could provide an alternative means of addressing major global challenges (climate change, mitigation of its effects or the prevention of pandemics). Cities increasingly consider themselves "actors motivated by interests" and they turn to urban diplomacy and interestbased networks to change the conversation - and, ultimately, the power structure - of multinational governance. Starting with a definition of what urban power is, this paper examines the rise of urban networks and their leverage of data to claim a more active role in the face of their nation-states, and on a global scale. Drawing on two brief case studies - the C40 network and Voluntary Local Reviews - it points to possible ways forward for urban influence networks in the near-term future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education of the future, relevant and internationalized, as a public good and universal right, the support of public policies and the commitment to equity and quality for the benefit of society and the Sustainable Development Goals is a very topical topic. The concepts, principles, roadmaps, vision, and thematic axes that are defined in the World Conferences on Higher Education, the Regional Conferences that precede it, demand contextualization to each region, country, territory, and institution. The objective of this paper is to reflect on the background and future impact of higher education, internationalization from the regional perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean, and the necessary integration of higher education systems to face the poor positioning of most universities and its impact on the levels of development in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this globalized cosmopolitan world, the concept of home has become one of the most crucial socio-cultural perceptions, playing a significant role in establishing community and transnational relationships both at the local and the global level. Amitav Ghosh's alternative ideas of cosmopolitanism are committed to criticizing the neo-imperial characteristic of the contemporary capitalist cosmopolitan world. This paper argues that Amitav Ghosh through his selected fiction - The Shadow Lines (1988) and The Hungry Tide (2004) - has shown how breaking away from the conventional, constrictive ideas and established definitions of home, that often run the risk of becoming the birthplace of many of the communal, regional or national fanatic ideologies, contributes to forming alternative ideas of home and family that are more mobile and flexible in nature and how they are instrumental in shaping individuals as true cosmopolitans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the mechanization of agriculture in the rural regions of the Rio de la Plata during the First Globalization (1880-1916). Uruguay and Argentina developed an important growth and diversification of their agricultural production during this period. This growth accompanied the great livestock dynamism that both economies had achieved since the first decades of the 19th century. We analyze the process by dispensing national approaches. A geo-referenced database is constructed at a micro-regional level to identify the location of the main agricultural production areas and to trace their evolution throughout the period. A clustering analysis is also carried out to explore the spatial heterogeneity that characterized the River Plate agriculture and provide elements for its interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value in the Chinese market and identify factors that may influence it. We discuss the relationship between CSR engagement in Chinese firms and firm value from a nonlinear perspective. In addition, we examine how the degree of internationalization in a firm may affect the relationship between CSR and firm value. We employ the Hausman test to compare a random-effects and a fixed-effects model, and after testing and comparison, the fixed-effects model was chosen in our paper. Using data from 314 firms listed in China's A-shares market from 2010 to 2017, we verify the U-shaped relationship between CSR and firm value. Meanwhile, the degree of internationalization will affect firm value but cannot positively regulate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the philosophical foundations of Unhu/Ubuntu in the Zimbabwean education system. The Zimbabwean curriculum underwent a comprehensive paradigm shift from a Western philosophy to an ancient indigenous philosophy of Unhu/Ubuntu. The Western philosophy was discarded on the premise that it provided an extraneous education lacking authentic existence for the people. Through the lens of connectivism, the paper answers the question of how after this removal from Western ideals, the present education impacts the country's need to be an active player in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and global citizenship. Digital technologies are not a traditional heritage from an African epistemology. Therefore, the question remains whether the philosophy of Unhu/Ubuntu is rich enough to provide a framework for the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) and a resultant 4IR-relevant education for the country. We argue that Unhu/Ubuntu is well aligned to provide a framework for a digitalised technological education through its ethical, humanistic values. The paper concludes with a strong assertion that while both Capitalism and Unhu/Ubuntu achieve the goals of 4IR through education, one produces a competent skilled worker without the accompaniment of moral and ethical integrity which the other deliberately instils besides the skills and competences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culinary globalization in Indian cities has resulted in new patterns of food consumption and production. Aside from the increasing presence of global franchises such as Costa Coffee, McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken, local and foreign entrepreneurs have established restaurants that offer various national cuisines. In Delhi, for example, Japanese-themed restaurants cater to the city's growing appetite for new culinary experiences. So far our knowledge of culinary globalization in Indian cities has focused on consumption: How emerging gastronomic patterns relate to identity formations. The production of cuisines as part of the city's culinary globalization is rarely explored. In this paper, I focus on the role of Filipino 'sushi chefs' as cultural intermediaries who localize Japanese cuisine. This paper discusses their emergent practices of cultural mediation, namely adapting to local taste, peer mentoring and communicative labor. I argue that such practices of cultural mediation point to the social dynamics of cultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of firms' internationalization has been intensively studied over the years, representing an engaging subject for business enthusiasts from both the business environments as well as the academia. The process of internationalization is the method usually used by firms to expand their economic activity outside their country of origin, as they try to expand their market share and gain a bigger customer base. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the evolution of firm internationalization in Romania and Moldova after the fall of communism as both countries have gone through drastic changes in order to become a market economy. This paper discusses the main business internationalization trends after the fall of the communist system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper raises the question of whether global innovation systems (GIS), the expanded networks of actors beyond national boundaries, could be a new sibling of innovation systems perspectives. We argue that in today's globalized world, it is idoneous to analyze innovation activities in a global context rather than a national or regional one. To confirm this argument, first, previous research is reviewed to understand how the GIS perspective has emerged and what different aspects have enabled these discussions. Distinct gaps from a body of literature are identified, such as the lack of a united definition, leading causes, and empirical evidence of GIS. With this understanding of the GIS perspective's background, this research aims to overcome the challenge of filling out these gaps using two-stage approaches. The first approach suggests three building blocks of the GIS perspective (global institutions, global actors and networks, and a global knowledge-base). Using the open innovation concept, the second approach measures the openness of national innovation systems (NIS) of the OECD DAC (Development Assistance Committee) member countries to represent the tangibility of the GIS perspective. The paper concludes that the GIS approach would provide us with a valuable viewpoint for analyzing current innovation activities in today's globalized economy as the form of GIS perspective is observed when measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong influence of globalization and the development of media have left their marks on language. Today, we are witnessing a growing influence of the English language, which has become a language of mutual understanding or lingua franca of the 21st century. Due to such global impact of English, not only does contact lin)guistics deal with linguistic changes, but it also deals with cultural and sociolinguistic issues as well. This paper deals with the morphological changes of Anglicisms found in two types of Croatian newspapers and it primarily relies on the theory and practice that Rudolf Filipović presented in several of his works. Rudolf Filipović was one of the most famous Croatian linguists, who set the grounds of contact linguistics in the Croatian language. In accordance with the theory of languages in contact, three different types of transmorphemization are recognized: zero transmorphemization, compromise transmorphemization, and complete transmorphemization. The author of this paper hypothesizes that Anglicisms in the Croatian language used in media, in this case in newspapers, went through one or more stages of transmorphemization before being adopted into the borrowing language, for which purpose two types of Croatian newspapers are used as the corpus for the analysis: daily newspaper Dnevni list and political magazine Hrvatski tjednik. The goal of this research is to determine the types of morphological changes that occurred in the adaptation of Anglicisms found in two different types of Croatian newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term internationalization has been mainly used to show the expansion of economic activities of firms outside of their home country where they aim at capturing a bigger market. The Central and Eastern Europe region has gone through a process of market transition over the past few decades, yet the business internationalization process has played an important role in the states' economies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the firm internationalization process in the new member states and the Western Balkans countries and gain a better understanding of the process and its course over time. Due to different geopolitical circumstances, the Western Balkan countries did not attract as many investors as much as the EU member states in CEE did that have had a constant flow of investments once they were members of the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical Management Studies, and the business school within which it has flourished, is in crisis. Again. Instead of shutting down the business school, as Martin Parker has proposed, this paper argues for re-locating the business school, meaning that location (as in jurisdiction) should be central to the school's identity, mission and understanding of the world. The paper describes how business schools, as promoters of globalization and internationalization, have worked to stigmatize the local in teaching and inquiry. Two case studies on the Celtic Tiger and corporate manslaughter illustrate the argument. If business schools and universities are to celebrate the local, then they should actively de-internationalize, unwinding some of the embedded practices of internationalization. Business schools should also work to re-integrate themselves back into the university, forging stronger links with disciplines that have traditionally eschewed the pursuit of generalized theory, such as history, law, classical studies and engineering. This also means abandoning the ABS Guide as a way of assessing research output and instead investing time in designing and installing a local, university-wide research assessment scheme. Finally, re-locating the business school means re-imagining the school's curriculum, approach to research, understanding of critique, and how it imagines and engages with its own polis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative overview of academic systems of Serbia and Hungary, with a special emphasis on scientific journals in the fields of arts and humanities in both countries. In the opening paragraphs, the author of the article discusses some negative consequences that the rigid implementation of the so called “Bologna reform process” has had on Serbian higher education, with the special emphasis on the fields of arts and humanities, and even more specifically, on the fields of (foreign) language and literature studies. One of the most obvious negative consequences of this reform process is the uncritical mimicking of the logic of natural sciences in arts and humanities, especially concerning the quantification and valorization of researchers’ results. This leads to a hyperproduction of papers in a field which’s mere logic is opposed to hyperproduction. In the central paragraphs of the article, the author discusses the status of scientific journals in the aforementioned fields in Serbia and Hungary. Despite all the efforts to preserve philological disciplines from the “fetish of internationalization” (as Konrad Paul Liessmann puts it), it seems that the “impact factor” model, imported directly and uncritically from natural and technical sciences, has dangerously infiltrated into the arts and humanities journals, as well. This, in the particular case of the so called “small” philologies (in this case, in Serbia and Hungary) puts researchers into an unfair starting position when trying to reach their academic advancement goals. While in Hungary there is currently only one journal that holds the prestigious Q1 ranking, Serbia has had no such journals to offer so far. In spite of this, Serbia has its own national journal and scientific paper quantification system, in which shorter individual papers are valued more than complete scientific monographs (in the form of sometimes rather extensive books), while in Hungary, the situation seems to be quite the opposite. However, the common consequence of the higher education system reform in both of these neighbouring countries – and this is the problem the final chapters of this article tries to deal with – is putting researchers under strong pressure to obey to the publish or perish! rule, which does not guarantee neither the quality of such papers nor the progress of the scientific field itself. One possible solution for resolving or at least mitigating this major problem could be to insist on qualitative, rather than quantitative paper-writing and publishing criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, using the event study approach for the Bucharest Stock Exchange, by which Bucharest Stock Indices and listed firms grouped by sectors were analyzed. The paper uses three important event days, 20 January 2020, 11 March 2020, and 15 March 2020. The findings demonstrate that initially investors were not concerned about the pandemic, showing that they did not realize the extent of globalization and transmission of events on financial markets. Both after 11 March and after 15 March 2020, stock indices have declined, investors becoming worried about the prospects of their dividends and the stock liquidity. The most affected sectors were those related to metallurgical industry, IT&C. After the lockdown, there was a reversal for some sectors like pharmaceutical and biotechnology, electricity production, transportation and distribution, and IT&C. Understanding the intensity and direction of the link between some sectors and indices may influence investment strategies and help in hedging, especially in times of pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of internationalization tactics on the value of 1107 multinational enterprises investing in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) based on the two dimensions: entry mode and the degree of internationalization (including the breadth and depth of internationalization). It is found that the choice of sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries has a positive effect on enterprise value than joint venture. The increase of internationalization breadth and depth can promote enterprise value. Further research shows that the institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises significantly affect the choice of internationalization tactics and enterprise value. Specifically, the better the institutional environment of the host country and the more adequate the digital transformation of enterprises, the more inclined enterprises are to choose the sole proprietorship in the "Belt and Road" countries (regions) to obtain higher enterprise value. A good institutional environment of the host country and the digital transformation of enterprises can positively regulate the relationship between the degree of internationalization and enterprise value. these findings have important for Chinese enterprises to implement internationalization tactics rationally and scientifically, and to continuously improve enterprise value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of globalisation and state rescaling, promoting decentralisation and enhancing local governance capacity have become prioritised objectives of transnational city-to-city partnerships mainly between developed and developing countries. However, considering the critical debates on Global East's uniqueness, two questions emerge when studying the transnational partnerships of Chinese cities. (1) Are Chinese cities' partnership establishments and objectives remarkably different from the existing international body of knowledge? (2) In China, whether decentralisation and local governance are promoted by city-to-city transnational partnerships as well? To cope with the questions, this paper examines 28 Chinese world cities' partnership establishments and objectives and reaches two conclusions. (1) With the objective of economic development, Chinese cities have consistently maintained strong connections with cities in both the developed and developing countries. (2) Chinese cities' transnational partnerships do not observably promote decentralisation, and China's political decentralisation is much more unstable than its economic decentralisation. Overall, both the binary partnership establishments and the dual-track decentralisation in political and economic aspects are highly embedded in China's interstitial and transitional position as a Global East country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction sector plays a significant role in national economic development and accounts for a dominant portion of national economic growth. The international construction industry's development has been explored from the perspective of the economy. Internationalization improves awareness about participation in international trade activities. This paper aims to quantify the internationalization of the construction industry in the global value chain. The sectoral participation index and interaction index are conducted to evaluate the internationalized degree of the construction industries. In the results, the distribution of the backward participation indices shows nearly all countries' internationalization processes were still at the stage of benefiting from primary resources. The forward support index is easily influenced by the scale effect. The backward independence index accounts for a small percentage of national imports measured by value added. The main source of value-added supply was the local construction sector. This study proposes a comprehensive indicator to quantify the internationalization of the construction industries in the sight of national and global points. The references have a positive value for policymakers in the management of value-added flows in the international market and adjustment of the foreign trade environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SMEs' internationalization research focused mainly on measuring their international performance, especially in IT-based and knowledge-intensive industries while little attention was paid to investigating the opportunity-based view of firm internationalization especially in the context of traditional SMES. The main objectives of the present study were twofold. First, building on the opportunity-based view of firm internationalization, this study investigated the international opportunity identification (IOI) and international opportunity exploitation (IOE) among Chinese traditional SMEs. Second, this research examined the direct influence of SMEs managers' adaptive marketing capabilities (AMCs), global mindset (GM), and collaborative intensity (CI) on IOI and IOE with emphasis on the potential moderating influence of environmental dynamism (ED). The initial phase of this research employed exploratory interviews with eight SMEs managers. Exploratory findings showed that Chinese SMEs adopt both entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial internationalization behaviors in identifying and exploiting international opportunities. Later, an empirical investigation using 327 valid responses from managers/founders of traditional internationalized SMEs in China showed that AMCs, GM, and CI had a significant positive influence on both IOI and IOE. Further, ED was found to play a significant moderating impact on the relationship between AMCs and IOI, GM and IOI, and CI and IOE. This paper ends with clarifying a set of theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary era of globalization, there is persistent pressure on minority languages from the dominant languages, partly because many minority language speakers find shifting to a dominant one a profitable choice. Language policy scholarship through the past decades, whether top-down or bottom-up, also registers that many minority speakers intend to preserve or reclaim their languages as active agents through everyday interactions and the transmission of the language within the home or in the community despite these external pressures. Based on Stroud's (2018) analytical framework of 'sociolinguistic citizenship' that investigates questions of power, ideology, legitimacy and marginalisation, this paper examines the multifarious layers between governmental language policies and how they are interpreted, implemented or negotiated by a wide range of social actors (e.g., parents, students, teachers, activists), revealing ideological spaces for the use or non-use of Galician, an official minority language spoken in a bilingual community of northwestern Spain. Using various qualitative research tools, including field observations, interviews and focus groups, we demonstrate how these actors become policy intermediaries on the ground and argue that their under-the-radar participation in the policy discourse may appear extremely intermittent and ad hoc, but their microcosmic interrogation of the dominant Castilian discourse through individual actions, when translates into collective mobilisations can lead to bottom-up language policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The main aim of this study was to determine whether globalization experience is a predictor of work satisfaction. In addition, we inspected a regression model consisting of globalization experience, job seniority, and goal achievement to determine how much variance in work satisfaction is accounted for by globalization experience. Most the theoretical texts about globalization suggest its negative impact on everyday life. The negative effects are – work–life balance problem, weakening of mechanisms to protect against the fear of death, and uncertainty. Method: 250 office workers participated in the study (Mage = 38.37; 145 females and 105 males). They responded to paper-and-pencil anonymous questionnaires measuring globalization experience, achievement goals, and work satisfaction. Respondents were also asked about their job seniority. We used Spearman's rho correlations and multiple linear regression to check the basic linear relation between variables, and hierarchical multiple regression to determine which of them is the strongest predictor of work satisfaction. Results: The results indicated that globalization experience (R2 change = 0.089; p <.05) is a statistically significant negative predictor of work satisfaction and job seniority (R2 change = 0.056; p <.05) while achievement goals (R2 change = 0.188; p <.001) are positive predictors of work satisfaction. Conclusion: We concluded that further research on globalization experience is necessary because it is the precursory individualistic approach to globalization research and we obtained a statistically significant yet small relation with work satisfaction in correlation and regression analyses. The presented results are also the rationale for promoting mastery approach goals in the workplace to improve work satisfaction as they are statistically significant positive predictors of it. Key messages: Globalization experience is negatively related to work satisfaction. Especially the impact of globalization on the sense of security may affect the workers' contentment. Achievement motivation is positively related to work satisfaction. Motives related to striving for mastery are the most important predictor of workers' contentment. Time spent in a certain company is positively correlated with work satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the dynamics of trade globalization by analysing and comparing the economic growth effect of overall trade globalization with the growth effects of de facto and de jure trade globalization in the economic community of west African states (ECOWAS). Using fixed effects and random effects models, we separate the de facto measure of trade globalization from the de jure measure to prove that de facto trade globalization significantly and positively contributes to economic growth in ECOWAS, whereas de jure trade globalization does not. We also use pooled mean group estimates to prove that the growth effect of de facto trade globalization is significant only in the short run. By implication, relying only on the results of overall trade globalization can be misleading for policymakers, considering that the de facto and de jure measures of trade globalization yield different growth results. The findings of this study can aid policymakers within the region in identifying proper measures and tailoring trade policies to gain reasonable competitive advantage among other economic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]