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We are facing difficult times, in which we find society polarized and, in this arena, the figure of Paulo Freire being central to many different and contradictory discussions. In this context, the intention of this paper is to understand how the propagation of memes in social networks may have contributed to the construction of a narrative of discredit of the patron of Brazilian education. In order to achieve this goal, memes about Paulo Freire shared by the School without Borders Movement were collected from its Facebook page. The data was analyzed in the light of the theory of dialogism (Bakhtin's Circle - Bakhtin, 2010; 2015; 2017; Volóchinov, 2017) and against our readings or Freire's work. The results of our analysis point to the use of pejorative terms and lack of ethical commitment, which potentially cause over-excitability and adherence of an audience against progressive ideas. In this arena, antagonistic voices appear narrowly and illustrate the need to seek forms of resistance with and beyond critical reading to understand how different ideologies are discursively built in language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grassroots Innovation is a typology of innovation that develops in civil society and is driven by social and ideological concerns. This paper focuses on the strategies of resistance developed by Grassroots movements in response to capture and mainstreaming processes and on the role that ideology has in the evolution of Grassroots Innovation. The study refers to the Arenas of Development framework. The adoption of a flat ontology allows to overcome the dichotomy between niche and regime and the focus on market breakthrough. It permits to consider social and political issues, and interactions between different arenas with different perspectives. The notion of actor-world used to define arenas' focus and boundaries allows to stress the role of ideology in evolutionary pathways. The analysis is based on a case study on Organic in Europe, that leads to consider three different arenas: the Grassroots arena, the EU Common Agricultural Policy arena, and the Global retail/agrifood arena. The arenas approach Organic with different lenses, interact and co-evolve. The recent ideological repositioning of the Grassroots arena brought it to the development of a strategy of resistance based on alliances with other arenas of civil society and on both confrontation and separateness with the other Organic arenas. • The actor-world concept allows to stress the role of ideology in innovation paths. • Arenas engage in multiple directions, beyond the societal function of reference. • Ideological cleavage can be constitutive for Grassroots arenas. • The Grassroots Organic arena engages in the creation of a cultural counter-hegemony. • IFOAM 3.0 strategy fits with a reflexive recognition of existing Organic arenas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]