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With an aging population and increased chronic diseases, remote health monitoring has become critical to improving patient care and reducing healthcare costs. The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently drawn much interest as a potential remote health monitoring remedy. IoT-based systems can gather and analyze a wide range of physiological data, including blood oxygen levels, heart rates, body temperatures, and ECG signals, and then provide real-time feedback to medical professionals so they may take appropriate action. This paper proposes an IoT-based system for remote monitoring and early detection of health problems in home clinical settings. The system comprises three sensor types: MAX30100 for measuring blood oxygen level and heart rate; AD8232 ECG sensor module for ECG signal data; and MLX90614 non-contact infrared sensor for body temperature. The collected data is transmitted to a server using the MQTT protocol. A pre-trained deep learning model based on a convolutional neural network with an attention layer is used on the server to classify potential diseases. The system can detect five different categories of heartbeats: Normal Beat, Supraventricular premature beat, Premature ventricular contraction, Fusion of ventricular, and Unclassifiable beat from ECG sensor data and fever or non-fever from body temperature. Furthermore, the system provides a report on the patient's heart rate and oxygen level, indicating whether they are within normal ranges or not. The system automatically connects the user to the nearest doctor for further diagnosis if any critical abnormalities are detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review comprehensively investigates the current state and emerging trends of autonomous vehicle terrain detection and segmentation. By systematically reviewing literature from various databases, this study outlines the evolution of detection and segmentation techniques from traditional computer vision methods to advanced machine learning and deep learning approaches. It identifies critical technological advancements, evaluates their performance, and discusses the challenges faced under various environmental conditions, data acquisition, and integration with vehicle systems. This study also highlights the need for standardized benchmarks and datasets to facilitate the development and testing of robust terrain detection systems. This review encompasses terrain detection and segmentation in structured environments, such as urban roads and highways, and unstructured environments, including rural paths and off-road terrains, to comprehensively analyze autonomous vehicle navigation challenges. By analyzing recent research findings, this review provides insights into future directions for overcoming these limitations and fostering innovation in the autonomous driving domain. • Explores terrain detection and segmentation technologies in autonomous vehicles. • Evaluates current methods' effectiveness and limitations across environments. • Identifies challenges in advancing terrain detection and segmentation approaches. • Highlights trends and solutions for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrails are line-shaped clouds formed in the exhaust of aircraft engines that significantly contribute to global warming. This paper confidently proposes integrating advanced image segmentation techniques to identify and monitor aircraft contrails to address the challenges associated with climate change. We propose the SegX-Net architecture, a highly efficient and lightweight model that combines the DeepLabV3+, upgraded, and ResNet-101 architectures to achieve superior segmentation accuracy. We evaluated the performance of our model on a comprehensive dataset from Google research and rigorously measured its efficacy with metrics such as IoU, F1 score, Sensitivity and Dice Coefficient. Our results demonstrate that our enhancements have significantly improved the efficacy of the SegX-Net model, with an outstanding IoU score of 98.86% and an impressive F1 score of 99.47%. These results unequivocally demonstrate the potential of image segmentation methods to effectively address and mitigate the impact of air conflict on global warming. Using our proposed SegX-Net architecture, stakeholders in the aviation industry can confidently monitor and mitigate the impact of aircraft shrinkage on the environment, significantly contributing to the global fight against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explainable Artificial Intelligence refers to developing artificial intelligence models and systems that can provide clear, understandable, and transparent explanations for their decisions and predictions. In deep learning, where complex neural networks often operate as "black boxes", the importance of explainable AI lies in enhancing trust, accountability, and interoperability. For further advancement of explainable artificial intelligence in deep learning, gaining a deep understanding of its applications, approaches, evaluation metrics, current advancements, and challenges is imperative. Therefore, in this article, we began exploring the vast array of applications of explainable AI in different deep learning models, scrutinizing them within the context of existing research. We then explored explainable AI approaches used in Deep Learning models and discussed prevalent evaluation metrics used in evaluating a model's explainability. Subsequently, we precisely reviewed the experimental results and advancements of recent state-of-the-art experiments related to explainable AI in deep learning. Finally, we discussed the diverse challenges encountered in sentiment analysis and proposed future research directions to mitigate these concerns. This extensive review provides a complete understanding of explainable AI in deep learning, covering its applications, approaches, experimental analysis, challenges, and research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]