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The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health organization in early March 2020. The disease typically presents with viral respiratory symptoms that could progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests different possible dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19, including: acral lesions (pernio-like, pseudo-chillblain), vesicular eruptions, macular and papular exanthema, urticaria, livedoid, purpuric and petechial rashes. However, specific skin manifestations of the COVID-19 disease have not yet been clearly established and the relationship between the appearance of skin lesions and SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. These highly variable skin changes could represent a direct consequence of the viral infection, an immunological response to viral nucleotides, adverse reactions to drugs frequently used for the treatment of COVID-19, or other disorders. In a global effort to comprehend the exact cutaneous features of COVID-19, several international dermatological societies have initiated nationwide studies to analyze COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations during this pandemic. This paper represents a literature review of the scientific data available on the clinical characteristics and symptoms of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19. Such findings are extremely useful in establishing if dermatological manifestations in COVID-19 patients could harbor a diagnostic significance and subsequently be used as prognostic factors for outcomes of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ T cell lymphoma is an extremely rare type of cytotoxic lymphoma with increased tendency of spreading to extranodal sites, poor response to conventional therapies for classic CD4+ cutaneous T cell lymphomas, and an unfavorable prognosis. Case report: We present the case of a 40 year old male patient who was referred to our clinic for generalized ulcerated, escharotic, infiltrated papules and plaques and painful ulcerations covered by white deposits on the soft and hard palate of 18 months duration. The unique clinical and histopathological features had posed great diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. The patient had first been diagnosed with lymphomatoid papulosis, and later with T cell lymphoma and treated with methotrexate, oral retinoids and phototherapy without clinical benefit. During hospitalization in our clinic, the diagnosis of primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ T cell lymphoma was established and treatment with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone, associated with local radiation therapy was instituted. Although the cutaneous and oral lesions improved during the first 3 months of treatment, the condition gradually worsened afterwards. Conclusions: Due to the paucity of literature data, frequent atypical presentations, aggressive behavior, and lack of optimal treatment strategies, primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ T cell lymphoma continues to represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Further case reports that describe clinical experience and therapeutic outcomes would help clarify its definition, classification and guide the management in this very aggressive cutaneous lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important public health issue, in terms of incidence and mortality, with approximately 1.8 million new cases reported worldwide in 2018. Advancements in understanding pathophysiological key steps in CRC tumorigenesis have led to the development of new targeted therapies such as those based on epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFR inhibitors). The cutaneous adverse reactions induced by EGFR inhibitors, particularly papulopustular rash, often require long-term antibiotic treatment with tetracycline agents (mostly minocycline and doxycycline). However, this raises several issues of concern: possible occurrence of gut dysbiosis in already vulnerable CRC patients, selection of highly antibiotic resistant and/or virulent clones, development of adverse reactions related to tetracyclines, interference of antibiotics with the response to oncologic therapy, with a negative impact on disease prognosis etc. In the context of scarce information regarding these issues and controversial opinions regarding the role of tetracyclines in patients under EGFR inhibitors, our aim was to perform a thorough literature review and discuss the main challenges raised by long-term use of tetracyclines in advanced CRC patients receiving this targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]