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Given the growing migratory movement of Venezuelans to Brazil, the state of Roraima occupies a prominent place in the dynamics of reception of crisis migrants of Venezuelan origin. In this context, this paper aims to reflect on the representation of the Venezuelan as an "invader" in the midst of xenophobic manifestations of part of the population of Roraima and the Spanish language represented as "the language of the invader". The theoretical framework is based on applied linguistics with debates on language and crisis migration. The methodology used was qualitative and interpretativist, with clippings of oral narratives of crisis migrants living in Roraima generated in a focus group activity. The results point out that the representation of the "invading" migrant is present in Roraima's society by both Brazilians and foreigners, and the use of the Spanish language may influence the way these people are treated in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing migratory movement of Venezuelans to Brazil, the state of Roraima occupies a prominent place in the dynamics of reception of crisis migrants of Venezuelan origin. In this context, this paper aims to reflect on the representation of the Venezuelan as an "invader" in the midst of xenophobic manifestations of part of the population of Roraima and the Spanish language represented as "the language of the invader". The theoretical framework is based on applied linguistics with debates on language and crisis migration. The methodology used was qualitative and interpretativist, with clippings of oral narratives of crisis migrants living in Roraima generated in a focus group activity. The results point out that the representation of the "invading" migrant is present in Roraima's society by both Brazilians and foreigners, and the use of the Spanish language may influence the way these people are treated in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roraima is one of the main entrances for Venezuelan migrants who have to cope with a severe humanitarian crisis. Immigration triggered an increase in the already overburdened public services. One solution involved the establishment of an Interiorization Plan to displace immigrants within Brazil. Current paper analyzes the emergence/necessity of a cooperative federalism of the municipality. The model and the plan are analyzed to see whether these factors contribute towards the effectiveness of host public policies for Venezuelan immigrants and refugees. Current deductive and hermeneutic paper investigates the structure of the cooperative federal state, financial autonomy and federative independence and the needs of effectiveness of host public policies. Results show cooperation as a path to achievement and the establishment of a compensatory fund which would minimize expenses when migratory waves occur in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public servant wages represent a significant part of Brazilian state governments' current expenses. Based on the literature, this paper has tried to identify which states practice efficient, compensatory or appropriation wage politics through the estimation of public-private wage differentials. The differential of salaries was calculated between 1995 and 2004 following the Oaxaca's technique. The results show that the wage policy of an important number of states has had efficiency and a numerous part of the North and the Northeast states have developed compensatory politics. The Federal District and Roraima practiced a wage policy characterized by explicit appropriation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooded forests represent an important part of Amazonian diversity, yet the distribution, ecology and evolutionary history of the avifauna of these forests have received little attention. We conducted ornithological surveys in the Rio Branco Basin, which is entirely in the Brazilian State of Roraima. In this paper, we discuss the presence of 20 bird species recorded along the lower Rio Branco, 16 of which represent new records for the State of Roraima and the entire Rio Branco Basin. Among our most interesting records are four species of white-water river specialists (Synallaxis propinqua, Stigmatura napensis, Serpophaga hypoleuca, and Conirostrum bicolor) that have populations on the lower Rio Branco. isolated from other Amazonian whitewater river systems by the black waters of the Rio Negro where they do not occur. We also discovered new localities for the endemic and endangered Rio Branco Anthird (Cercomacra carbonaria), doubling the size of its known range. We discuss the implications of these records in a biogeographic perspective for better understanding the distributional patterns of the flooded-forest avifauna in Amazonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out on the Ilha de Maracá, Brazil to investigate the effects of partial and complete clearance of forest plots on subsurface soil moisture content, tension and water fluxes, overland flow, the production of water and sediment yield, and the losses of nutrients in eroded soil materials from the plots. This paper describes the background to the investigation and indicates and discusses the main results. Surface runoff is dominated by treatment with complete clearance yielding fivefold that on partially and uncleared sites. Subsurface fluxes reflect topography, which controls variable source areas, and the plinthitic layer at depth, which reduces vertical water movement. The erosional response is also determined by treatment with complete clearance yielding, on average, a sevenfold increase in sediment when compared with partially, cleared and uncleared sites. Nutrient losses occur dominantly as eroded particulate organic material rather than as mineral sediments or in runoff waters and as much as 2.5 kg nitrogen, 0.45 kg phosphorous and 4 kg potassium can be washed off totally cleared sites in a single month. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents an introduction to this issue of `Geographical Journal,' discussing the Society's Maraca Rainforest Project, which offered a rare opportunity to study an area of little-disturbed, moist tropical forest, and adjoining areas of natural savanna. The project was led by Dr. John Hemming; About the papers in this issue.