Search

The United States power sector uses immense quantities of water and is vulnerable to drought, water mismanagement, and climate change. Integrated management of energy and water systems is therefore critical, yet is hindered by disparate and delayed information. We present the Energy-Water-Emissions Dashboard (EWED) as an integrative modeling approach and exemplary web-based user interface displaying monthly generation, water withdrawal and consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions at nearly 10,000 U.S. power plants from 2003 to the most recent data available. EWED users may view aggregated results at larger spatial scales including watersheds, where they are compared to modeled water availability data. EWED also models projections out to 2050 based on a range of energy and climate scenarios, finding that water resources will continue to play a critical role in energy sector transitions. As such, EWED supports efforts to integrate decision making on immediate and long-term management challenges at energy-water-climate nexus. [Display omitted] • Existing electricity-water assessments can be complemented by our modeling approach. • Our tool shows potential water availability-based constraints on the power sector. • Power sector water use has declined but is projected to increase in coming decades. • Future power sector water use varies with energy sources and technologies. • Our tool supports integrated energy-water management over short and long terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among the population, but its relationship with mortality of postmenopausal females is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the association between serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among postmenopausal women in the United States. Methods: 6812 participants of postmenopausal females from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2018) were included in this study. The mortality status of the follow-up was ascertained by linkage to National Death Index (NDI) records through 31 December 2019. We used cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association of serum 25(OH)D concentrations and mortality of postmenopausal females. Results: The mean level of serum 25(OH)D was 72.57 ± 29.93 nmol/L, and 65.34% had insufficient vitamin D. In postmenopausal females, low serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with higher levels of glycohemoglobin, glucose, and lower levels of HDL. During follow-up, 1448 all-cause deaths occurred, including 393 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths and 263 cancer deaths. After multivariate adjustment, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly related with lower all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition, serum 25(OH)D presented a L-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality, while appeared a U-shaped with CVD mortality, and the cut-off value is 73.89 nmol/L and 46.75 nmol/L respectively. Conclusions: Low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with the higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in postmenopausal females. These findings provide new ideas and targets for the health management of postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]