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Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL), also called primary vitreoretinal lymphomas, often masquerades as uveitis. This misdiagnosis can result in subsequent brain involvement and oculocerebral lymphoma (OCL). In this study, we sought to characterize the helper T-cell type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokine profile in vitreous samples from patients with PIOL, OCL, uveitis and controls with non-inflammatory disease. Vitreous and aqueous humor samples from 87 patients with PIOL (n = 30), OCL (n = 12), uveitis (n = 34), and retinal detachment (RD) without hemorrhage (n = 11) were analyzed and their concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by flow cytometric bead arrays (CBA). The IL-10 levels determined by CBA were compared with those by ELISA. IL-10 concentrations measured by CBA and ELISA were highly correlated. IL-2, IL-4, and TNFα were not detected in any sample. The only cytokine detected at a significant level in samples from RD vitreous was IL-6. The IL-10/IL-6 ratio, as previously reported, was slightly higher in PIOL than in uveitis samples, but not for all patients. Cytokine profiles from PIOL and OCL samples did not differ. The combination of the IL-10/IL-6 and IL-10/IFNγ ratios was highly informative for discriminating PIOL/OCL from uveitis samples and for therapeutic follow up of PIOL. This strategy might be very helpful as an initial screening to rule out PIOL in patients thought to have uveitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To report long-term results of intravitreal (IVT) bevacizumab as first local treatment for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to uveitis. Files of patients receiving 1.25 mg/0.05 ml bevacizumab as primary local treatment for CNV were retrospectively reviewed. Main outcomes were change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveolar thickness (CFT), treatment-related adverse events, and number and frequency of injections. Fifteen eyes from fifteen patients were included. Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis were the diagnosis in seven, ampiginous choroiditis in two, and for six remaining, serpiginous choroiditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, punctuate inner choroidopathy, tuberculosis and idiopathic inflammation. In 13 eyes, neovascularization was subfoveal, and peripapillary in two. Intraocular inflammation was strictly controlled in all cases by the time of injections. BCVA improved from logMar 0.53 to logMar 0.29 in 12 eyes (80%), while CFT decreased from 239.06 to 195.2 μm in 13 (87%). Twelve eyes received more than one injection; mean number in this group was 4.25 (2-8), and frequency 1 every 12.97 weeks. There were no adverse events related to bevacizumab or the procedure. Median follow-up was 17.6 months (8-25). First-intention IVT bevacizumab for inflammatory CNV showed transient improvement in BCVA and CFT, in eyes under controlled inflammation. Reinjection was needed in most cases. Further work should conclude about safety related to repeated injections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented which discusses a study on the recurrences of late posterior segment manifestations in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.

A letter to the editor is presented regarding the case report of the 29 year-old woman with idiopathic retinitis, vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis syndrome (IRVAN).

A letter to e editor is presented related to the usefulness of gallium scintigraphy patterns in a case of idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms and neuroretinitis.