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The initial melting quality of a high-speed laser cladding layer has an important impact on its post-treatment and practical application. In this study, based on the repair of hydraulic support columns of coal mining machines, the influence of high-speed laser cladding process parameters on the quality of Fe-Cr-Ni alloy coatings was investigated to realize the accurate prediction of coating quality. The Taguchi orthogonal method was used to design the L25(56) test. The prediction models of the relationship between the cladding process and the coating quality were established using the Random Forest (RF) and AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting, AB) algorithms, respectively. Then, the prediction accuracy of the two models was compared, and the process parameter features were screened for importance evaluation. The results show that the AB prediction model is more accurate than the RF prediction model and more sensitive to abnormal data. The importance evaluation based on the AdaBoost model shows that the scanning speed has a great influence on the height and surface roughness of the coating. On the other hand, the overlap rate is the most important factor in controlling the dilution ratio and near-surface grain size of high-speed laser melting coatings. In addition, the micro-hardness of the coating and the thermal effect of the substrate can be effectively enhanced by adjusting the laser power and scanning speed. Finally, it was verified that the AB prediction model could accurately estimate the quality indexes of the coating with a prediction error less than 6%. The results show that it is feasible to predict the quality of high-speed laser cladding with the AB algorithm. It provides a basis for the adjustment of process parameters in the subsequent quality control process of cladding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high-speed laser cladding (UHSLC) not only offers an efficient solution to the limitations of conventional laser cladding but also aligns with the contemporary objectives of material conservation and efficiency enhancement in metal protective coatings. This study investigates the fabrication of CrFeCoNiMo 0.2 high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings using UHSLC and traditional laser cladding (TLC) methods. Key aspects such as macroscopic forming quality, element distribution, dilution rate, grain morphology, hardness, and electrochemical corrosion properties of both UHSLC and TLC coatings are thoroughly examined. Notably, UHSLC-produced coatings, with their significantly reduced thickness ranging from 100 to 300 μm, demonstrate an impressively low substrate dilution rate compared to the 2–3 mm thickness of TLC coatings. The rapid solidification inherent in UHSLC leads to smaller grain sizes in the coating, resulting in enhanced hardness. Moreover, the UHSLC coating exhibits superior corrosion resistance, characterized by a lower maintaining-passivity current density in 1 mol/L H 2 SO 4 and a higher self-corrosion potential relative to TLC coatings. This work presents a novel approach, employing high-efficiency and low-cost laser-cladding technology, to minimize dilution in the matrix and improve the coating properties of HEAs. • There are no macroscopic and microscopic defects in HEAs prepared by UHSLC. • Uniform distribution of elements in ultra-thin coating of CrFeCoNiMo 0.2 HEA. • The CrFeCoNiMo 0.2 HEA nanocrystalline coating was synthesized by UHSLC. • Nanocrystalline CrFeCoNiMo 0.2 HEA coating exhibit excellent corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mg promotes the atomic diffusion of Al-Cu-Mg alloy. • The addition of Mg causes the alloy to generate more large-size Cu clusters. • The introduction of Mg lead to the formation of more FCC phases. • The enrichment of Cu intensified with the increase of Mg content. • Verified the consistency of simulation and experimental results. To analyze the mechanism of the Mg content on Cu precipitation in Al-Cu-Mg ternary alloy, the microstructure evolution of Al-5%Cu, Al-5%Cu-1%Mg and Al-5%Cu-2%Mg alloys during the solidification process was investigated by both the molecular dynamics simulation and solidification experiment methods. The simulated results demonstrate that the introduction of Mg accelerates atomic diffusion. And as the Mg content increases, more large-sized Cu agglomerates are formed in the solidified tissue, due to the Mg plays a connecting role in the process of Cu agglomerate formation. It is also found that the introduction of Mg results in the development of more FCC phases in the final tissue. The experimental results show that Cu elements are concentrated in the Al crystal boundaries, and the degree of Cu enrichment increases with the level of Mg content. The physical phase analysis shows that the final organization is primarily composed of the Al phase and Al 2 Cu phase, and both phases increase slightly with a higher Mg rate. The consistency between experimental and simulation results was verified by a comparative discussion of the Cu agglomerated and precipitated phases. It provides a theoretical basis for improving Al-Cu-Mg alloys' performance enhancement and structural optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) has become one of the hottest research topics owing to its comprehensive mechanical properties. In this study, the AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 EHEA was fabricated via the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technique, and the grain morphology, eutectic structure, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanism were investigated. The results indicate that the samples have superfine grains and nano-lamellar eutectic structures, attributable to the high cooling rate of the L-PBF process. Furthermore, the phenomenon of solute trapping was observed in the boundary of the FCC and B2 semi-cohesive phase in the nano-lamellar eutectic structure. Based on the special eutectic structure of the AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 EHEA prepared using the L-PBF technique, the samples exhibited an exceptional tensile strength of up to 1.6 GPa, accompanied by tensile ductility of over 9.5 %. The improvement of mechanical properties may be attributable to the Hall–Petch strengthening and back stress effect caused by refining the eutectic structure, whereas the growth of the nano-lamellar structure may be closely related to the solute-trapping effect. • Nano-lamellar EHEA with K–S type OR was prepared by additive manufacturing. • The L-PBF EHEA exhibited an exceptional tensile strength of up to 1.6 GPa. • The solute trapping phenomenon was observed at the boundary of nano-lamellar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To further strengthen the AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating prepared by high-speed laser cladding (HLC), laser remelting (LR) was chosen to reprocess it. The effects of LR on the topography, microstructure, growth orientation, phase distribution, and properties were investigated. It was revealed that there were a large number of liquid phase separation (LPS) zones in the HLC coating because of an ultrafast cooling rate. After LR, the LPS zones were eliminated. Compared to HLC coating, the microhardness increased from 622 HV to 762 HV, and the friction coefficient and the wear weight loss were reduced by 0.1 and 0.5 mg, respectively. In electrochemical testing, the self-corrosion potential increased by 45.9 mV and the self-corrosion current density decreased by one order of magnitude. Meanwhile, EBSD analysis indicated that the LPS zones were prone to recrystallization. The LPS zones were nickel-poor, low hardness, also BCC phase, and had a clearer (101) orientation. With the elimination of the LPS zones, the kernel average misorientation values were reduced, Taylor factor values and high angle grain boundaries were increased, and the average grain size was reduced from 2.43 μm to 2.12 μm. Eventually, for LR coatings, the combination of fine grain strengthening, solid solution strengthening, spalling reduction, and Cr element segregation resulted in better wear and corrosion resistances. The overall results show that a reasonable LR application can induce the microstructure of the HLC coating and improve its service properties. ● The AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings were prepared by high-speed laser cladding (HLC) and reprocessed by laser remelting (LR).● There were a large number of liquid phase separation (LPS) zones in the HLC coating. After LR, the LPS zones were replaced by fine equiaxed crystals.● The LPS zones were nickel-poor and low hardness, had a clearer (101) orientation, and tended to spall off in the wear test, causing a decrease in the overall wear resistance of the coating.● As a result of the elimination of the LPS zones, the microhardness and wear resistance of the LR coating were improved by solid solution strengthening and fine grain strengthening.● Appropriate undercooling and more high angle grain boundaries caused by LR provided a larger driving force for grain boundary segregation. The elemental content of Cr at the grain boundaries became higher, and the corrosion resistance of the LR coatings increased significantly. [Display omitted] • HLC led to a large number of the LPS zones in the AlCoCrFeNi HEA coating. • LR could successfully eliminate the LPS zones. • Recrystallization made the grains of the LPS zones coarse and soft. • The microhardness and wear resistance of the coating were improved by LR. • Higher Cr content at grain boundaries boosted corrosion resistance of LR coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homemade nano-agglomerated powders 8YSZ powders for PS-PVD were prepared by the spray drying, then calcination processes at four different temperatures (500 °C, 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C) were carried out on the spray-dried powders. Checked by laser particle sizer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the physical properties, microstructure and phase constitutions of the calcined powders were investigated. The results show that the size of powders calcined at 500 °C is increased relative to the spray-dried powder, whereas the powders calcined at 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C possess smaller size. The binding force of the primary particles tend to rise with the increase of calcination temperature. When the temperature was up to 900 °C and above, it was found that the sintering neck indicating with strong binding was formed between the primary particles. In parallel, the powders underwent an m-ZrO 2 to t-ZrO 2 transition as the calcination temperature rose. It is also found that the PS-PVD prepared coatings which were obtained by using the above powders undergo a transformation from a feather-like to a dense laminate structure as the calcination temperature rises. It is noteworthy that the coating obtained by the powders calcined at 700 °C have a special three-layer composite structure of near dense surface layer, columnar intermediate layer and dense sub-layer. The composite structural coating has excellent adhesion and thermal shock resistance, with a bonding strength of 81MPa and no major spalling when water quenched 100 cycles at 1100 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]