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The paper considers a problem of modeling the impact of the future climate on the yield of crops (in the example of spring wheat). The authors have analyzed the sources of climatic data and values of agrometeorological indicators for past and future periods. Using agroclimatic parameters, they have developed a mathematical model of the dependence of the median of the distribution function of spring wheat yield on climatic changes. The authors performed the calculations using this model and analyzed the obtained results. The analysis indicates a significant increase in the yield level of spring wheat in 2030–2040 and an increase in the risk of losses of its yield compared to historical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable identification of realistic biomass at regional level is particularly important in creating a real energy strategy. It must stand for the region in particular in the long-term aspect of its sustainable development. The aim of the paper is to identify and quantify environmental impacts, especially microclimatic impacts, on the possibility of establishing and growing economically and energy-efficient plantations of fast-growing energy plants in Slovakia regions. The NUTS III methodology was used to locate the climatic conditions of the Slovakia regions. Climatic factors in Slovakia regions were expressed as average monthly air temperatures and average monthly precipitation for the vegetation period from April to October. The climatic parameters of the model plantation in the Nitra region were defined on the basis of measurements of the Physicus Meteostation, located in the field conditions of Kolíòany village. Regions in the southern and south-eastern regions of Slovakia (Bratislava, Trnava, Nitra, Košice) are the most climatic friendly for the growing Mustanthus and Populus. The Northern regions (Žilina and Prešov) are less suitable for climatic reasons - the shorter length of vegetation period required for the economically efficient production of above-ground biomass. In the Nitra region, productivity in real climatic conditions is 33.66 t.ha-1 (Miscanthus) and 135.14 t.ha-1 (Populus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance of ground ecosystems to climatic influences is largely determined by the soil cover condition, where the organogenic horizon (ground litter) plays a crucial role. The interaction between vegetative waste and micro- and meso-organisms is regulated by temperature, humidity, physicochemical parameters of the environment, which altogether form an ecological niche of such an organogenic horizon. This paper aims to analyze the formation of ground organogenic horizons in various combinations of bio-climatic factors (ecological niches) and hence identify their association with soil-phytocenotic communities - various ground ecosystems. The study used the following methods: expert assessments, mapping, geographic forecasting, mathematical methods (correlation, dispersion, regression analysis, information-statistical method for assessing the intercomponent conjugacy of phenomena and factors), taxonomic method for categorizing the ground ecological niches. The quantitative parameters of soil-climatic factors (amount of ground litter, t/ha, active temperatures above 10 °C, precipitation ratio, redox potential, mV) that affect formation and development of ground organic horizons, were assessed. Four types of ecological niches formed in various ecosystems of the Earth were identified. The findings can be useful for a comparative analysis of the functioning of various ground ecosystems, the choice of methods for their rehabilitation and forecasting of their evolution in changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the climate change impact on cooling energy consumption of office buildings in four major architectural climate zones in China. The results show that there are apparent differences in the responses of monthly or yearly cooling loads to climatic change in different climates. Dominant factors affecting monthly cooling loads change from dry bulb temperature (DBT) to wet bulb temperature (WBT) with the climate zones changing from severe cold to hot. The yearly cooling load was mainly afftectd by DBT in severe cold climate, whereas the WBT had the dominant effect in the other climates. With the continuous warming climate, the yearly cooling load did not rise significantly for any climate zone except for severe cold climate zone where cooling load had a significant increase ( p  < 0.01). More importantly, the cooling load showed a weak decrease in Guangzhou. These results suggest that different measurements for buildings cooling energy conservation should be made in different climate zones. The humidity effect should be fully considered to improve buildings energy efficiency, especially in the hot climate zones. The continuous increase of temperature in the future does not necessarily increase cooling loads of buildings in the cold, hot summer & cold winter and hot summer & warm winter climate zones, and change trendency of humidity in the future need to be considered to predict cooling energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the different parameters that affect solar still productivity when the solar still productivity is very low compared with other desalination systems, such as other thermal processes or membrane processes. These parameters include environmental, design and operational parameters. The results show that productivity was highly affected by environmental parameters due to the unpredictability of metrological factors. When design and operational parameters were varied, increases in productivity were observed. The results indicated that the solar still was inversely affected by evaporation area, water depth, a minimization in the angle of the solar still cover during summer seasons and maximization during winter seasons. Stepped solar still techniques enhanced the productivity, and the addition of wicks in a stepped solar still was proposed. Insulating the sun tracking system positively affected the productivity because the insulation increased the heating capability and evaporative effects inside the still basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recently, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has adopted a range of 15 standard sky distributions representing the whole probable spectrum of actual skies in the world. Each sky standard has its own well-defined sky luminance pattern which can be conveniently used to calculate the sky radiance and luminance for a given sky patch and the solar irradiance and daylight illuminance on inclined surfaces facing various orientations. The crucial issues are whether the skies could be correctly identified. This paper presents the work on the classification of the CIE Standard General Skies using various climatic parameters and indices. Meteorological variables namely luminance distribution for the whole sky including zenith luminance, global, direct-beam and sky-diffuse illuminance on a horizontal surface and vertical sky illuminance, and horizontal and vertical solar irradiance data are adopted for analysis. The results demonstrate that there are a number of appropriate climatic parameters for sky classification and the selection depends on their availability, accuracy and sensitivity. The approaches could contribute to the estimation of solar irradiance and daylight illuminance which are essential to the renewable and sustainable developments and energy-efficient building designs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In Romania, foehn winds are short-time atmospheric phenomena of low-to-medium intensity, which do not appear always in the weather station-performed observations. Such situations require additional data to provide a larger and dynamic picture in comparison with the punctual information sent by stations. This paper aims to capture, present and analyze the characteristic parameters of northern Oltenia foehn winds, in the Carpathian-Balkan Internal Curvature. Herein, it is shown a typical foehn situation revealed by weather stations and also by satellite images (MSG), atmospheric radio soundings and numerical modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper introduces a dynamic prediction of solar radiation and ambient temperature. Medium term prediction is based on climatic parameters behaviours during the day before and on time distribution models. As for short term prediction, it is ensured by an ARMA predictor using Kalman filter. Herein, we describe our method and present prediction results. Validation is based on measures taken during the year 2005 in the north of Tunisia. The work effectiveness is illustrated by a short term and medium term prediction of the electric energy produced by a 1KWp photovoltaic panel (PVP) installed at the Energy and Thermal Research Centre (CRTEn) in the north of Tunisia. Since our work delivers accurate climatic parameters prediction, the obtained results can be easily adapted to predict any other solar conversion system output. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]