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Demand-side flexible load resources, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Air Conditioners (ACs), offer significant potential for enhancing flexibility in the power system, thereby promoting the full integration of renewable energy. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal allocation method for demand-side flexible resources to enhance renewable energy consumption. Firstly, the adjustable flexibility of these resources is modeled based on the generalized energy storage model. Secondly, we generate random scenarios for wind, solar, and load, considering variable correlations based on non-parametric probability predictions of random variables combined with Copula function sampling. Next, we establish the optimal allocation model for demand-side flexible resources, considering the simulated operation of these random scenarios. Finally, we optimize the demand-side resource transformation plan year by year based on the growth trend forecast results of renewable energy installed capacity in Jiangsu Province from 2025 to 2031. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial steam heating is a significant aspect of energy consumption in China, playing a crucial role in industrial energy efficiency. Historically, demand response research has predominantly focused on the electricity sector, with limited emphasis on steam supply. This study explores a novel Time-of-Use pricing approach for steam heating systems, anchored in the demand response theory of price incentives. It develops a peak-valley segmentation method by considering both the load differences between supply and demand and the thermal storage capacity of the pipeline system. Additionally, the paper delves into user response characteristics to formulate an optimized Time-of-Use pricing model for steam heating systems. Implemented in a Jiangsu-based case study, the model demonstrates significant efficiency improvements: it reduces the peak-valley load difference by up to 68.3% and cuts steam purchasing costs by ¥135,000. Furthermore, the alignment between the users' total steam load curve and the heat source's steam supply is enhanced by 18.8%, illustrating the model's effectiveness in balancing demand and supply. • Cluster analysis to extract steam user load characteristics. • Divide peak/valley times based on network storage and user traits. • Create a multi-objective Time-of-Use model for steam pricing optimization. • Carry out a case validation in an actual industrial park in Jiangsu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional integrated energy system (RIES) provides a platform for coupling utilization of multi-energy and makes various energy demand from client possible. The suitable RIES composition scheme will upgrade energy structure and improve integrated energy utilization efficiency. Based on a RIES construction project in Jiangsu province, this paper proposes a new multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for the selection of RIES schemes. Because that subjective evaluation on RIES schemes benefit under criteria has uncertainty and hesitancy, intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy number (ITFN) which has the better capability to model ill-known quantities is presented. In consideration of risk attitude and interdependency of criteria, a new decision model with risk coefficients, Mahalanobis-Taguchi system and Choquet integral is proposed. Firstly, the decision matrices given by experts are normalized, and then are transformed to minimum expectation matrices according to different risk coefficients. Secondly, the weights of criteria from different experts are calculated by Mahalanobis-Taguchi system. Mobius transformation coefficients based on interaction degree are to calculate 2-order additive fuzzy measures, and then the comprehensive weights of criteria are obtained by fuzzy measures and Choquet integral. Thirdly, based on group decision consensus requirement, the weights of experts are obtained by the maximum entropy and grey correlation. Fourthly, the minimum expectation matrices are aggregated by the intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy Bonferroni mean operator. Thus, the ranking result according to the comparison rules using the minimum expectation and the maximum expectation is obtained. Finally, an illustrative example is taken in the present study to make the proposed method comprehensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In recent years, although China's energy intensity has gradually decreased, the total consumption of energy commodities has increased sharply. Levying an excise tax on energy commodities is one of the keys to control energy consumption. This paper constructed a Computable General Equilibrium model to simulate levying an energy excise tax in Jiangsu province, which is one of China's strong economic provinces with lower endowments of energy resources. The results show that the energy excise tax is beneficial for energy saving, while levying energy will cause economic and welfare declines. When at a level tax rate of 5%, 10%, and 15%, the loss of GDP will reach 0.27%, 0.66%, and 1.13% respectively, and the incomes of inhabitants and enterprises alike will decrease. When the energy tax revenue used to compensate for the welfare losses suffered by inhabitants or enterprises, there is a double dividend effect (energy saving and increasing income). Moreover, the simulation indicated that a 5% improvement of energy efficiency brings about a "backfire" phenomenon, with an increase of 142% in energy consumption. However, when considering the cost of energy-efficiency improvements, the rebound effect will be significantly decreased. Policy suggestions are further recommended to help improve the energy policy in regard to reducing energy consumption. Highlights • CGE model is proposed to evaluate the effect of energy excise tax. • Levying energy excise tax with refund measures could result in a double dividend. • The rebound effect of energy efficiency improvement is quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental efficiency improvement has played a crucial role in the theory and practice of stimulating clean production. This paper analyzes the interaction between environmental efficiency and output efficiency, particularly whether they reinforce each other or compete with each other, on the basis of a data set of 137 firms in the textile industry in China's Jiangsu Province. In the first stage, generalized data envelopment analysis is applied to calculate efficiency measures of energy, waste water, waste gas, soot, and output efficiency taking capital, labor, water, and energy as inputs, industrial output value as desirable output, and waste water discharges, waste gas and soot emissions as undesirable outputs. In the second stage analysis, a structural equation model with latent variables is applied to analyze the interaction between the latent variable environmental efficiency, measured by the four observed environmental indicators, and output efficiency, taking also into account the endogenous variable profit. The main outcomes of the structural equation model are the following. Firstly, environmental efficiency negatively impacts on profit while profit positively impacts on environmental efficiency. In a similar vein, output efficiency is found to depress profit while profit increases output efficiency. Thirdly, environmental efficiency has a positive impact on output efficiency while there is no effect of output efficiency on environmental efficiency. Fourthly, taxes impair a firm's output efficiency. From the findings it follows that a swap of general taxes for an energy tax is likely to improve both output efficiency and energy efficiency. The latter outcome implies a win–win situation which will facilitate the further implementation and adoption of environmental policy. Finally, the paper illustrates the applicability of structural equation modeling in efficiency analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon neutrality is an important environmental management tool to deal with the global greenhouse effect. Addressing climate change is an important starting point for promoting the high-quality development of China's economy and the construction of ecological civilization, as well as an important area for participating in global governance and adhering to multilateralism. In this paper, from the perspective of carbon neutrality, taking China's Jiangsu Province as an example, the super-efficiency DEA model is selected to measure the level of ecological efficiency in Jiangsu, and on this basis, the Tobit model is used to verify the main factors affecting regional ecological efficiency. The results are as follows: (1) The regional eco-efficiency in Jiangsu shows a trend of decreasing from south to north, with obvious phenomenon of "club convergence", with significant spatial correlation and agglomeration. (2) The industrial structure is negatively related to the regional eco-efficiency of Jiangsu regions; Energy consumption structure has a positively impact in southern Jiangsu,but negatively in central and northern Jiangsu; FDI has a positively impact in central and northern Jiangsu, but negatively in southern Jiangsu; Regional economic development has a positively impact in southern and northern Jiangsu, but negatively in central Jiangsu; The progress in the technological level has positive effects on the eco-efficiency of all regions of Jiangsu. The final paper puts forward some suggestions based on the carbon neutral target Provide theoretical reference for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. • Construct an regional ecological efficiency evaluation index system. • Use super-DEAmethod to measure ecological efficiency level. • Study from the perspective of carbon neutrality. • Propose a reference for achieving carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents the influence of different regulation strategies on wind energy integration into the existing energy system of Jiangsu. The ability of wind integration is defined in terms of the ability to avoid excess electricity production, to conserve primary energy consumption and to reduce CO2 emissions in the system. Firstly, a reference model of Jiangsu''s energy system is built using the energy system analysis tool EnergyPLAN based on the year 2009. The model results are then compared to actual values from 2009 to validate their accuracy. Based on the reference model, different regulations of Jiangsu''s energy system are compared and analyzed in the range of a wind input from 0% to 42% of the total electricity demand. It is concluded that operating power plants in a flexible way facilitates the promotion of more intermittent wind integration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Since the start of economic reform in 1979, Jiangsu Province has become one of the most developed regions in China. To ensure adequate energy supply and sustainable development of economy and environment, it is necessary to analyze Jiangsu Province’s energy balance. The energy flow chart is taken as a useful tool for sorting out and displaying energy statistics data. The purpose of this paper is to draft the Jiangsu Province’s energy flow chart for 2009, which is used to study the characteristics of energy production and consumption in Jiangsu Province. We find that: (1) In 2009, energy imported from other regions accounted for 96.1% of the total primary energy supply. However, its energy supply mainly came from coal. (2) Jiangsu thermal power and heating efficiencies in 2009 were higher than those of Guangdong and China in 2007. However, its coal processing and petroleum refineries efficiencies in 2009 were lower than those of Guangdong and China in 2007. (3) Electricity supply in Jiangsu Province mainly depended on thermal power, which accounted for 88.97% of the total electricity supply. However, 96.36% fuel for thermal power was coal. (4) The share of final energy consumption of the secondary industrial sector was 81.28% in 2009. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]