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A thin-layer of Ni(OH) 2 was in situ formed on the surface of Ni 2 P nanopillars (Ni(OH) 2 @Ni 2 P/E-NF) via a facile hydrothermal treatment in H 2 O. Ni(OH) 2 @Ni 2 P/E-NF exhibits superior activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction with an overpotential of only 43 mV to achieve 10 mA cm −2 and a good durability during the long-term operation in an alkaline medium. The excellent performance of Ni(OH) 2 @Ni 2 P/E-NF is likely ascribed to the strong interfacial coupling of Ni(OH) 2 and Ni 2 P, which promotes the dissociation of water and concomitantly converts hydrogen intermediates (H ad ) to H 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen production from water splitting is a green and efficient technology for storing clean energy. Herein, cerium-incorporated Ni 2 P nanosheets are designed as trifunctional electrocatalysts to generate hydrogen by hydrothermal self-oxidation of surface nickel foam (NF) in pure water to in-situ form Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets, followed by incorporation of Ce and phosphorization. The prepared material exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR). When the current density is 100 mA cm−2, the UOR potential of Ce-Ni 2 P is 1.473 V lower than that in the OER (1.731 V), suggesting a great potential to replace the sluggish OER for overall water splitting. Moreover, the Ce-Ni 2 P/NF can be applied to the electrochemical treatment of real urine electrolysis with similar performance to the urea electrolysis. Such remarkable performance is attributed to the incroporation of Ce with "Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pairs", which can not only provide abundant reactive sites by the charge transfer appearance of defect sites, but also offer an effective buffering space for the pre-oxidation process from Ni2+ to Ni3+. It is thus beneficial for overall water splitting and coupled urea electrolysis, providing a promising candidate for urine wastewater treatment and clean energy production. • Nanosheets are prepared by hydrothermal self-oxidation of NF in pure water. • Ce leads to the lattice distortion of Ce-Ni2P and generates abundant defects. • Such interactions between Ce and Ni2P promote HER and OER/UOR performance. • Ce-Ni2P/NF can be applied for urine wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a novel fabrication of nickel-molybdenum alloy nanorods catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is prepared by co-deposition of pure nickel and molybdenum in a multisource sputtering system on the surface of Ni foam substrate. The Ni–Mo alloy film exhibits favorable vertical nanorods structure and presents the most efficient activity for HER compared to the film only including one metal element. The remarkably enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to its ordered array geometry as well as the synergistic interaction between Ni and Mo. Meanwhile, the open space within nanorod arrays facilitates the electrolyte penetration and diffusion of ionic species, allowing high utilization efficiency of active species as well as rapidly release of evolved hydrogen gas from the electrode surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we describe a novel catalyst based on RuO 2 –NiO nanorod arrays constructed in situ on a Ni foam substrate by a hydrothermal process for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scanning voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to systematically investigate the microstructure, composition, and electrochemical performance of the catalyst. The prepared electrode exhibits excellent HER performance and long-term stability. This impressive electrochemical performance is largely attributed to the material's unique nanostructure. Noticeable the presence of nickel oxide/hydroxide on the surface of the catalyst promotes the dissociation of water and the formation of hydrogen intermediates that can then adsorb onto the nearby ruthenium species and recombine into molecular hydrogen at a very rapid rate. The hydrothermal method for directly growing electroactive nanostructured arrays on a conductive substrate offers a promising route for developing a new class of Ni-based high performance electrodes for the HER in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 2D interconnected NiTe/NF nanosheets was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. • Annealing temperatures have an effect on crystal phase change and HER performance. • It leads to a positive shift of the d-band center on non-stoichiometric Ni 2.86 Te 2. • The Ni 2.86 Te 2 /NF exhibits superior HER performance compared to NiTe/NF. The non-stoichiometric Ni 2.86 Te 2 /NF was prepared by hydrothermal method combined with annealing process. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the transition of crystal phase structure from NiTe to Ni 2.86 Te 2 leads to a strong electronic interaction between tellurium and nickel accompanying with the positive shift of the d-band center, resulting in improving the HER activity compared to the NiTe/NF. [Display omitted] It is of great significance to develop low cost, high-efficiency and environment-friendly electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water splitting. Herein, nickel telluride nanosheets grown on Ni Foam (NF) with three different crystal phases (NiTe, Ni 2.6 Te 2 and Ni 2.86 Te 2) are fabricated by one-step hydrothermal tellurization followed annealing process. The non-stoichiometric Ni 2.86 Te 2 /NF exhibits superior electrocatalytic HER performance compared to the NiTe/NF and Ni 2.6 Te 2 /NF, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst at high current density. The Ni 2.86 Te 2 /NF only requires an overpotential of 348 mV to drive the current density of 200 mA cm−2 in a 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. Similarly, The Ni 2.86 Te 2 /NF delivered current densities of 200 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of 279 mV in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4. Such excellent performance could be ascribed to the fast electron transfer and positive shift of d d-band center from its rich defective effect of crystal phase transition, as well as to the exposure of active sites provided by the two-dimensional nanosheets with large specific surface area. This work provides valuable insights for the rational modulation of the crystal phase on the nickel telluride for catalyzing HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing highly active and durable catalysts is considered to be crucial for enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water electrolysis. Although some studies indicate that anatase TiO 2 is a promising candidate for electrolytic hydrogen evolution reaction, the influence of different crystalline phases of TiO 2 on the supported Ru catalysts for electrocatalytic HER performance is rarely systematically explored. Herein, a series of Ru/TiO 2 -X (X = R (Rutile), A (Anatase), and P25) catalysts were prepared to investigate the influence of the rutile and anatase phases of TiO 2 on the catalytic activity of Ru catalysts in HER. The findings demonstrate that the HER activity is much affected by the variation of the titania structure, when other factors are kept constant. The 15Ru/TiO 2 -R-H 2 has superior HER performance with a small overpotential of 63 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in acidic electrolyte and 99 mV in alkaline electrolyte compared to 15Ru/TiO 2 -A-H 2 and 15Ru/TiO 2 -P25-H 2. This might be attributed to the faster electron transfer and lower Fermi level caused by the oxygen vacancy (V O) and strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), along with the exposure of active sites afforded by the highly dispersed ruthenium nanoparticles on the rutile TiO 2. Our results indicate that the presence of rutile TiO 2 support alone is adequate to maintain Ru in its most active form and make it a more performing catalyst, compared to anatase titania and P25. • Ru is supported on different crystalline phase of TiO 2 for electrocatalytic HER. • Partial Ru is incorporated the lattice of TiO 2 -R with SMSI effect. • Highly dispersed Ru and rich V O promote electrocatalytic HER. • Electron transfer from V O and Ti to surface Ru is conducive to optimizing HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen energy is a kind of secondary energy with abundant sources, green and wide application, which can realize the interconversion of chemical energy and electric energy. It is an important path for achieving deeply clean decarbonization in many fields. In addition, hydrogen will become an indispensable carrier for energy transformation and development. Electrochemically splitting water into hydrogen by renewable energy has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency, easy operation and no secondary pollution. However, the overall efficiency of hydrogen production by water electrolysis is severely restricted by the high overpotential of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the sluggish reaction kinetics. Therefore, it is expected to use thermodynamically more oxidizable chemicals as anode additives to assist water splitting to produce hydrogen, such as electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation, which can not only significantly reduce the overpotential of hydrogen production from water splitting, but also synthesize green products with high added-value. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of hydrogen production from water splitting assisted by electrocatalytic alcohol oxidations in recent years, and focuses on the reaction mechanism, electrocatalytic performance, and the product selectivity of alcohol oxidations by transition metall catalysts, as well as their structure-activity relationship. Finally, the challenges and development of alcohol oxidations assisted hydrogen production from water splitting are prospected to shed light on rational design of high-efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting assisted by electrocatalytic alcohol oxidations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a "chimney effect" formed on the interface between the metal oxide and nickel metal for the hydrogen evolution reaction is confirmed by using density functional theory calculations and experimental methods. • A "chimney effect" formed on the interface between the metal oxide and nickel metal for the hydrogen evolution reaction is found. • The "chimney effect" is a result of the interfacial charge transfer between the metal and metal oxide. • The chemical environment around interface makes the neighboring sites be immune to H 2 O* and OH* adsorption but tend to adsorb H* selectively. • The metal oxide/metal interface is beneficial for the smooth adsorption of H* and the easy desorption of H 2 from the catalyst surface. • Experiments further reveal the key role of the amount of chimney, i.e., the interfacial metal atoms, for the excellent HER activity. Precise atomic-level control of composition and geometric structure at the interface between two catalyst components can effectively tune the catalytic properties. Herein, we found a "chimney effect" formed on the interface between the metal oxide and Nickel metal for the hydrogen evolution reaction, using density functional theory calculations and experimental methods. This special chemical environment around the interface leads the neighboring sites to be immune to the H 2 O* and OH* adsorption and to only selectively adsorb H* properly. Meanwhile, it is also beneficial for the smooth adsorption of the reactant (H*) on the interface and the easy desorption of the product (H 2) from the catalyst surface (ΔG H* close to zero). This phenomenon appears similar to a chimney of hydrogen evolution around the metal oxide/metal interface. Such "chimney effect" is a result of the interfacial charge transfer between the metal and metal oxide, and should be the nature of the interface-induced synergistic effect in metal oxide/metal composite catalysts for HER. Experiments further confirm that the catalytic activity of metal oxide/metal composites for HER can be enhanced by increasing the amount of the chimney - the interfacial metal atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]