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Background: Extensive research has been conducted treating burnout as an independent variable and performance as a dependent variable to proffer possible solutions to burnout and job performance among academics. Despite this, the burnout crises persist and are exacerbated by the ongoing global proliferation of higher education. Acknowledging this, the current study explored whether performance may contribute to the emergence of burnout. Methods: The study's sample population comprised 689 academics from Jiangsu province, China. Key Performance Indicator (KPI) results served to measure performance. Psychological counselling and Burnout were calculated using mental health results garnered from the universities. Data was collected on respondents' demographic characteristics and work situations. The mean scores were 0.517 (SD = 0.5) for gender and 1.586 (SD = 1.103) for age. The relationship among performance, job burnout, and psychological counselling was analysed via a cross-sectional survey deploying grouped regression. Results: Academics' job performance was found to regulate their burnout (β = -0.058, P < 0.01). Higher performance of academics was significantly associated with lower job burnout and psychological counselling. Furthermore, psychological counselling significantly moderated job burnout (β = -0.012, P < 0.05) among academics without regulating their job performance. Conclusion: The paper supplements the discourse on job burnout and academic performance by suggesting a pre-counselling measure as a strategy to address the crises of burnout. The paper argued that the continued competence of employees should prevent burnout in Higher education and ensure better job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leading with the principle of 'people-oriented urbanization,' the adaptation of rural migrants in urban China has attracted increasing concerns from policy-makers and scholars. Today, China has proceeded to a new stage of urbanization. Many rural migrants prefer moving to cities near their home villages rather than to large cities, reflecting the changes in migration patterns and expectations of rural migrants. Although migrant adaptation has been repeatedly investigated in academia, researchers tend to address the topic in one host setting, while migrant adaptation in diverse urban settings has rarely been compared. This paper seeks to fill this research gap via a survey conducted in two cities with different urban settings in Jiangsu. The rural migrant adaptation experiences in the two cities are systematically compared. Our statistical results show that economic structure and living costs, on the one hand, and local regulations and socio-cultural environments, on the other hand, determine rural migrant adaptation experiences in different urban settings. Despite abundant employment opportunities in more-developed cities, the high living costs, working pressure, and strict institutional schemes significantly hamper rural migrant adaptation. In less-developed cities, limited employment opportunities and conservative socio-cultural environments hinder rural migrants from adapting in host societies. Our findings suggest that the governments of different cities need to tailor strategies to assist rural migrants in adapting in urban communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the numerical calculation model of salt cavern hydrogen storage was established based on the proposed salt cavern hydrogen storage in a bedded salt mine in Jiangsu Province of China. The effects of the minimum internal pressure, maximum internal pressure, average internal pressure and injection-production rate on the stability and tightness of the storage were explored respectively. The results revealed that: (1) The volume shrinkage rate and the plastic zone distribution of the surrounding rock decreased with the increase of the minimum internal pressure, and increased with the decrease of the maximum internal pressure. (2) When the depth of salt cavern is around 1700 m , its long-term stability cannot meet the requirements according to the traditional standard of 0.3–0.8 times of the vertical stress at the cavern roof. It is therefore suggested that the minimum internal pressure of the storage should be increased to 0.4 times of the vertical stress at the cavern roof. (3) The tightness evaluation indexes, including leak range, pore pressure distribution of hydrogen, and cumulative leakage of hydrogen in surrounding rock, all increased with the increase of average pressure and amplitude of internal pressure. (4) Under the same average internal pressure and injection-production frequency, the greater the injection-production rate (the amplitude of internal pressure), the smaller the cumulative leakage rate is. Therefore, increasing the injection-production rate is beneficial to the storability of the hydrogen storage. • Different internal pressures are set to study the stability and tightness of the salt cavern for hydrogen storage. • Raising the minimum internal pressure can enhance the stability of the salt cavern. • The amplitude of internal pressure is the key factor affecting the tightness of the salt cavern. • The selection of internal pressure for hydrogen storage should take into account the effects of multiple factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: During an outbreak such as COVID-19, hospital staff needs to be in close contact with all types of patients visiting the hospital and the risk of cross-infection is extremely high. Payment and medication pickup is a mandatory part of a patient's hospital visit, with direct contact between healthcare workers and patients, and long waiting times in the hospital area, which can easily lead to the spread of disease infection. OBJECTIVE: This paper designed the prototype of a contactless smart medicine cabinet based on RFID technology and optimized the patient consultation and medication pickup process to address these problems. METHODS: We conducted a 50-day field observation of patients for consultation and medication pickup at the First Hospital in H city, Jiangsu Province, China, and randomly timed 1600 sets of data from Surgery (ophthalmology) and Internal patients, then we designed the prototype of a contactless smart medicine cabinet based on RFID technology, optimized the patient consultation and medication pickup process, comparing the traditional and intelligent models using AnyLogic. RESULTS: The results show that this contactless medicine cabinet was able to reduce the time taken by patients in consultation and medicine pickup by 18.74 minutes, increasing the overall efficiency of the consultation by 32.20%. The simulation revealed that this contactless intelligent medication pickup model was able to reduce the time taken by patients in consultation and medicine pickup, increasing the overall efficiency of the consultation, effectively reducing the frequency of contact between healthcare workers and patients, and reducing the risk of disease infection. CONCLUSION: The proposed technical model provides a new idea to solve the problems of long queues, low efficiency and high risk of infection for patients to consult and get medicine during epidemics. Especially within hospitals it has important theoretical and practical implications for epidemic prevention and control as well as future hospital management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-child policy in China brought about a fast decline in fertility levels and an increasingly skewed sex ratio at birth in China. The deep-seated tradition of son preference has been regarded as the main cause. However, news and recent research have pointed out that having daughters appears more popular among young people in urban areas. The analysis reported in this paper was based on empirical evidence drawn from 47 in-depth interviews. Findings highlighted that regarding the preference of sex at birth, a relatively balanced composition is sought in most cases. Other than the absolute dominance of one son and one daughter together, a preference for having a son remains. Although having two daughters has gained greater popularity among young couples, this turns out to be a compromise to some extent. Daughter preference cannot be regarded as a major trend. In practice, a stronger preference for a certain sex increases the fertility rate as couples attempt to fulfil their preferences, whereas no preference signals the least likelihood to realise fertility intentions. In this sense, the desire to have two children with at least one son may help boost fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning technologies has instigated advancements in IoT, and machine learning has revolutionized SMEs, reshaping their role in regional economic growth. These technologies provide SMEs with innovative tools, fostering connectivity within regional ecosystems. This transformation is crucial for China's economic realignment in its 'new normal' phase, with enterprises driving social and economic progress. This study proposed the XGBoost algorithm and IoT data enhance collaboration among SMEs in regional economies, fostering innovation and driving economic development. The role of IoT and machine learning in promoting sustainable regional economic prosperity. Technological innovation is essential for enterprise survival and growth in a competitive landscape. This paper examines the influence of environmental factors and geography on economic development across China's regions. It focuses on SME coupling and coordination, contributing to regional economic progress through performance evaluation. IoT integration provides SMEs with abundant real-time data, enabling deep insights into customer behavior, supply chains, and production. Simultaneously, the XGBoost algorithm efficiently processes and extracts actionable insights from this data. Data from 11 provinces in the Yangtze River economic belt highlights Jiangsu Province's leadership in regional innovation performance for 2015 and 2020. The empirical results, grounded in datasets amalgamating information from these provinces, attest to the potential of this IoT and XGBoost-driven approach. Boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 91.7%, surpassing alternative machine learning techniques like SVM, KNN, DT, RF, and LR, this research underscores the effectiveness of this integrated strategy in optimizing SME operations. Additionally, it computes the coupling coordination degree, innovation environment ranking, mean value, and numerical changes from 2010 to 2020, with an average innovation coupling coordination degree of 0.1624 across 30 Chinese provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the opportunistic method to estimate rainfall using commercial microwave links (CMLs) has been shown as an efficient way to complement traditional instruments in terms of spatial‐temporal resolution and coverage. In this paper, we collected data from 26 CMLs in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, and conducted experiments on rainfall field reconstruction and nowcasting. First, the raw CML data were processed to invert the path‐averaged rainfall intensity. Second, the algorithms of inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation were employed to reconstruct the rainfall field. Then a 10‐min prediction of the rainfall field was achieved using a nowcasting model based on the long short‐term memory neural network and a setup window was introduced to improve the prediction performance of the first few minutes. The reconstruction results show that the average correlation coefficient (ACC) and the average root mean square error (ARMSE) between the IDW‐based results and daily cumulative rainfall from rain gauges (RGs) are 0.89 and 8.69 mm, respectively, while the ACC and ARMSE between the OK‐based results and RG data are 0.89 and 9.13 mm, respectively. The nowcasting results show that the ACC between the prediction results with a 5‐min setup window and the IDW‐retrieved rainfall fields can reach 0.91 at the first minute and gradually decrease to 0.20 within 10 min. Furthermore, the model has better nowcasting performance for stratiform precipitation and mixed precipitation compared to convective precipitation. Plain Language Summary: Accurate and real‐time rainfall monitoring and forecasting are of great significance for disaster prevention and control, agriculture, meteorological research, and related fields. However, traditional rainfall measurement methods are insufficient for meeting the demands of comprehensive precipitation observations because of poor spatial‐temporal resolution and limited coverage. Currently, measuring rainfall using additional microwave attenuation caused by raindrops has been shown as an efficient way to complement traditional instruments. Based on commercial microwave link (CML) rainfall measurement technology, this paper carries out rainfall field reconstruction and nowcasting experiments in Jiangyin City, China. The results show the CML network enables accurate rainfall field reconstruction and nowcasting. Key Points: Based on the commercial microwave link (CML) rainfall monitoring network in Jiangyin, China, accurate rainfall inversion by CMLs is achievedThe two‐dimensional rainfall fields are accurately reconstructed using the inverse distance weighting and ordinary kriging interpolation algorithmsA long short‐term memory‐based rainfall field nowcasting model is proposed to achieve 10‐min continuous predictions of rainfall fields [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater discharge has become the main cause of water pollution in China. However, the spatial interaction mechanism between industrial structure and water pollution is still unclear. Accordingly, we evaluated and analyzed spatiotemporal changes of the agglomeration pattern of pollution-intensive industrial enterprises and the evolution of the water environmental pollution pattern, as well as the correlation between them. The study results show that the polluting industrial enterprises were located mainly along the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake Basin in southern Jiangsu in 2013 and 2018. However, we observed a spatial trend of pollution transfer to northern Jiangsu. The industrial water pollution discharge presents the distribution pattern of facing rivers, seas, lakes and cities. Papermaking and paper products industry are the leading factors of COD and NH 3 –N pollution, with explanatory power of 0.3666 and 0.6201 respectively. The spatial positive coupling effect between the concentration degree of polluting enterprises and the intensity of water environment pollution discharge is 94.95% of the region. The spatial agglomeration of polluting industrial enterprises is an important cause of water environment pollution. They promote and couple each other, proving the existence of "Pollution haven" and "Porter hypothesis". [Display omitted] • The polluting industrial enterprises are located mainly along the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake Basin. • Papermaking and paper products industry are the leading factors of COD and NH 3 –N pollution. • The spatial agglomeration of polluting industrial enterprises is a significant cause of water environment pollution. • This study proves the existence of "Pollution haven" and "Porter hypothesis". • This study fills the gap in the spatial response mechanisms of different industrial structures and pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has been fully implementing the policy of the cultural and tourism industrial integration since 2018. However, the value-added benefits of this policy are not prominent, and the relationship between industrial integration and the value added to the tourism value chain was seldom addressed by researchers. In the context of China's high-quality development, it is necessary to conduct the impact of the integration of cultural and tourism industries on the value added to tourism value chain. This paper proposed four theoretical hypotheses and the corresponding econometric models based on the panel data from 2013 to 2020 in China's Jiangsu Province. According to empirical results, the integration of cultural and tourism industries is spatially unbalanced, with notable imbalances between the south and the north. This paper identified a new connection between cultural and tourism integration and the tourism value chain. It is found that the integration of cultural and tourism industries can enhance the value added to tourism value chain either directly or indirectly through the information technology, with the direct effect being positively moderated by tourism agglomeration. Moreover, this paper may overturn how people generally think about the integration between cultural and tourism industries. It reveals a single-threshold effect that only when the integration of cultural and tourism industries reached a high level will it exert a positive effect. To be more specific, not all Chinese cities are suitable for implementing cultural and tourism integration, because the integration is likely to be ineffective in regions where the cultural industry is substantially less developed than the tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the survey data of 936 rural households in Jiangsu Province, China in 2020, this paper empirically tests the influence mechanism of internet use on the rural residents' consumption level by constructing the theoretical analysis framework of "internet use—consumption literacy—rural residents consumption level" and taking consumption literacy as the mediator variable. The results demonstrate that, with other conditions unchanged, internet use has significantly improved the consumption level of rural residents. The mediating effect of the consumption literacy accounts for 15.08% among the entire effect of internet use on the rural residents' consumption level. Therefore, when applying digital information technology to improve the consumption level of rural residents in future, we should not only continue to increase investment in the construction of communication infrastructure in rural areas, but also continuously improve the consumption literacy of rural residents through building a multi-level complementary consumption education system and expanding the ways of consumption education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the formation of monastic networks in Tang Dynasty (618–907) China, focusing primarily on the Buddhist traditions of Tiantai, Chan and Vinaya, which have yet to be explored as a series of related regional movements. Central to this effort is a dataset that documents over 2000 interactions between some 700 actors that were extracted from stelae inscriptions, monastic biographical collections, historical accounts, letters, and poems. The network data show two clear patterns in the organization of regional Buddhist communities: (1) individual actors bridged cliques of monastics and officials; (2) both monastics and officials contributed to network activities. To illustrate these two patterns, this paper focuses on the ego-network of Fayun 法雲 (?–766), a prominent Vinaya leader based in Jiangsu region, as an example of the formation and evolution of regional Buddhist communities in southern China. Degree centrality indicates that Fayun was one of the central figures in the southern Buddhist landscape of the early eighth century. By tracing his heterogeneous ties with prominent state officials, local authorities, and monastics affiliated with the Tiantai, Chan, and Vinaya traditions, this study outlines general patterns in the formation and legitimization of regional Buddhist communities in Tang China. All three traditions are revealed as intersecting social formations that were sustained through shared ties with local and nationally prominent bureaucrats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of China's manufacturing industry has received global attention. However, research on the distribution pattern, changes, and driving forces of the manufacturing industry has been limited by the accessibility of data. This study proposes a method for classifying based on natural language processing. A case study was conducted employing this method, hotspot detection and driving force analysis, wherein the driving forces industrial development during the "13th Five-Year plan" period in Jiangsu province were determined. The main conclusions of the empirical case study are as follows. 1) Through the acquisition of Amap's point-of-interest (POI, a special point location that commonly used in modern automotive navigation systems.) data, an industry type classification algorithm based on the natural language processing of POI names is proposed, with Jiangsu Province serving as an example. The empirical test shows that the accuracy was 95%, and the kappa coefficient was 0.872. 2) The seven types of manufacturing industries including the pulp and paper (PP) industry, metallurgical chemical (MC) industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing (PM) industry, machinery and electronics (ME) industry, wood furniture (WF) industry, textile clothing (TC) industry, and agricultural and food product processing (AF) industry are drawn through a 1 km× 1km projection grid. The evolution map of the spatial pattern and the density field hotspots are also drawn. 3) After analyzing the driving forces of the changes in the number of manufacturing industries mentioned above, we found that manufacturing base, distance from town, population, GDP per capita, distance from the railway station were the significant driving factors of changes in the manufacturing industries mentioned above. The results of this research can help guide the development of manufacturing industries, maximize the advantages of regional factors and conditions, and provide insight into how the spatial layout of the manufacturing industry could be optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study looks into how students' perceived teacher support is linked to achievement emotions in mathematics via academic control and value. The data was gathered from 602 secondary students (13-16-year-olds) in 16 mathematics classrooms from three public schools in Jiangsu province, China. Participants were asked to respond to the paper-pencil questionnaire assessing students' perceived teacher support, cognitive appraisals, and achievement emotions in mathematics. Findings showed that cognitive appraisals played complete mediation roles in teacher support and achievement emotions. Intrinsic value and mathematics self-concept were shown to serve a positive role in teacher support and achievement emotions, whereas extrinsic value was found to play a negative one. Besides, teacher support showed the greatest indirect effect on achievement emotions through mathematics self-concept. Lastly, findings indicated the great relevance of teacher support to students' anger, boredom, enjoyment and relaxation in mathematics classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rural decline becoming a global issue, the implementation of rural revitalization strategy has been turning into general starting points for many countries, especially in contemporary China. In this paper, we proposed a systematic analysis framework and a new evaluation index system for the implementation effectiveness of rural revitalization at the county scale. In addition, empirical research was conducted based on Jiangsu Province. The results indicated that the average value of the comprehensive index of implementation effects of rural revitalization in Jiangsu was 1.8198, and nearly 60% counties in the province were below this average. Also, the obvious disequilibrium and spatial differentiation laws were observed which presenting a stepwise advance from south to north, with the inland superior to the coastal. The five‐dimensional coordination status of rural revitalization in Jiangsu was relatively high, with the majority of counties reached at barely balanced state. A total of 21 counties were identified as problematic regions in Jiangsu through comprehensive overlay analysis. They were mainly located in northern Jiangsu, and could be divided into seven specific types. The proposed evaluation framework and indicator system might make up for the lack of effective reference systems and scientific quantitative indicators in the current county‐scale rural revitalization strategy practices. Moreover, the idea of identifying problem areas and the classification mode of rural revitalization goal levels proposed in this paper are also of great reference for other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a pavement maintenance technology, hot in-place recycling (HIR) can realize full utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), significantly saving non-renewable resources and project costs. However, due to variability of material properties, recycled mixtures gradation, and temperature control in construction, HIR-maintained pavement usually suffers from segregation, affecting performance and service life. To control construction quality and prolong service life, a segregation evaluation system of HIR-maintained pavement is proposed. This evaluation system, including calculation of segregation indexes, determination of segregation zones, and discrimination of segregation types, is established based on digital image processing (DIP) and surface texture distribution characteristics. In addition, it is verified by a case study of qualified HIR projects in Jiangsu Province in China. According to the empirical acceptance requirements of maintenance projects, discriminative zones for segregation types are established at 95% confidence level. Fluctuation curves of segregation indexes and image tests of four segregation types identified by segregation zones show that segregation indexes are well correlated with texture distribution characteristics and segregation degree, confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the segregation evaluation system. Therefore, the segregation evaluation system of HIR-maintained projects proposed in this paper can realize real-time monitoring, rapid diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment decision-making of recycled pavement segregation degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the CH-3 and WH-110A unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms, we independently developed aeromagnetic systems for fixed-wing UAVs (FUAV) and modified unmanned helicopters (MUH), respectively. These systems overcome key technological challenges in system integration, aeromagnetic compensation, and electromagnetic (EM) compatibility. We conducted a 1:100,000 aeromagnetic test using both systems in a tidal flat area in Jiangsu province, China. Both systems successfully completed 240 line km measurement lines and collected high-quality data with magnetic compensation accuracies of 0.01428 nT and 0.04690 nT, respectively. The dynamic noise was below 0.14 nT, accounting for 95.72% and 100% of the measurements. These results indicate that both systems offer high measurement accuracy, efficiency, low cost, convenience, and flexibility. We compared the two aeromagnetic systems based on their system parameters, integration modes, magnetic compensation methods and effects, and practical applications. By comprehensively analyzing their characteristics and application fields, we provide guidance for UAV-based aeromagnetic surveys in mineral exploration, basic geological survey and other related fields. And the FUAV and MUH aeromagnetic systems presented in this paper serve as a valuable reference for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievement of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets requires the adjustment of the energy structure, in which the dual-carbon progress of the power industry will directly affect the realization process of the goal. In such terms, an accurate demand forecast is imperative for the government and enterprises' decision makers to develop an optimal strategy for electric energy planning work in advance. According to the data of the whole social electricity consumption in Jiangsu Province of China from 2015 to 2019, this paper uses the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to calculate the fractional-order r of the FGM (1, 1) model and establishes a metabolic FGM (1, 1) model to predict the whole social electricity consumption in Jiangsu Province of China from 2020 to 2023. The results show that in the next few years the whole social electricity consumption in Jiangsu Province will show a growth trend, but the growth rate will slow down generally. It can be seen that the prediction accuracy of the metabolic FGM (1, 1) model is higher than that of the GM (1, 1) and FGM (1, 1) models. In addition, the paper analyzes the reasons for the changes in the whole society electricity consumption in Jiangsu Province of China and provides support for government decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social and organizational innovations are one of the most effective ways to gain social collaboration for effective, rapid, and coordinated interventions. An analysis of the relationship among organizational performance (OP), social innovations (SI) and organizational innovation (OI) in social organizations (SOs) is little discussed in the literature and much less with main component analysis. This paper is an effort to provide some empirical evidences about social and organizational innovations that social organizations in China have implemented to address the social issues of the society. A survey of Chinese SO's is conducted during beginning two months of 2022 in provinces of Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang to attain the statistics and assessing the insights of the executives of the SOs participating in this study with respect to organizational performance, social and organizational innovations. The technique used to select the sample is a non-probabilistic sampling and multiple linear regression model is applied to determine the partial impact of organizational innovations and social innovations on the organizational performance. The grouping of the variables is carried out through main components analysis. The empirical findings of the study highlight that Chinese SOs are innovative because they adopt management strategies to address the social issues associated with their institutional mission. There are four groups of derived components from organizational and social innovations based on the empirical evidence: SO's innovative activities to modify the environment; inside innovative measures to enhance SO's performance; innovative activities of SO's to enhance their relationships with outside actors; innovative measures to improve the management of SOs related to their mission and institutional projects. The findings of this study offer an efficient solution to government and policy makers for involving SOs in terms of planning of social development in China. The social and organizational innovations are very necessary to overcome the social issues so government should encourage the establishment and sustainability of social organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A model for multi-objective optimization operation of multiple water sources under uncertainties was proposed. • Uncertainties in inflow and water demand forecasts can be considered simultaneously, and the correlation between uncertainties can be considered quantitatively. • The impact of inflow-water demand forecast uncertainties and their correlations on water resource operations are explored for water resources managers. Uncertainties in inflow and water demand forecasts bring risks to water resources management. Therefore, the research on multi-objective optimization operation of multiple water sources under uncertainties holds critical research significance and application value. This paper proposes a model for the multi-objective optimization operation of multiple water sources that can consider the inflow and water demand forecast dual uncertainties. In handling uncertainties, this paper adopts a scenario generation method based on joint distribution-Monte Carlo (JDMC), which allows for a quantitative consideration of the correlation between uncertainties. Moreover, the variable weight method and LINGO 20.0 are employed for solving multi-objective optimization issues to obtain stable Pareto frontiers. The proposed model is applied to the water receiving area inside Jiangsu Province of the South-to-North Water Transfer East Route Project (SNWTERP) in China. The main findings are as follows: 1) The impact of the inflow and water demand forecast uncertainties on the operation results is synergistic rather than antagonistic. Considering only a single uncertainty may result in water receiving area facing more severe water shortages or purchasing spot water at high prices. 2) There is a strong spatial correlation between uncertainties. If we ignore or only qualitatively consider the correlation between uncertainties, the impact of uncertainties on operation results will be underestimated or overestimated. 3) The Pareto frontiers are convex functions, indicating that decision-makers should choose a solution in the middle part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The building sector is the second-largest energy consumer in China. With the proposal to reach a carbon peak by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, China attaches more importance to the energy conservation and emission reduction of the residential sector. To study the connection between socioeconomic factors and residential energy consumption (REC), this paper collects the data of 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2001 to 2019 to explore the REC impact factors by the STIRPAT model. The factors for modeling are identified from relevant studies and weighted by the independent weight coefficient method (IWCM). The regression result shows that the average number of persons per household, per capita housing construction area, urbanization rate, and cooling degree days have a significant positive impact on REC, while a negative correlation is found between per capita housing construction area, residential water consumption, and residential liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumption. Strategies of energy conservation and emission reduction in residential building sector are explored based on the demonstration of the future REC pattern evolution and the changes in its impact factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper seeks to assess the sustainability of the reformed maternity insurance system and the extent to which China's current maternity insurance system can support different levels of fertility incentives in the future. Our findings will serve as a reference for countries in a similar demographic predicament and those about to face it. Methods: This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative assessment, we used a grounded theory model to generalize the factors influencing the sustainability of maternity insurance funds. For the quantitative analysis, we used a novel and comprehensive system dynamics model to visualize the status of the combined operation of maternity and health insurance. Data are mainly derived from the historical data of the Statistical Yearbook of Jiangsu Province and the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Results: In the short term, fertility incentive payments can be set to motivate people to have children. It is therefore recommended that when the scope of the fertility incentive policy is limited to two children, and an average amount above RMB 10 000 could be set, it would be prudent to set the amount at a level not exceeding RMB 10 000 when the scope of the fertility incentive policy is for all newborns. In the long term, a system of incentives for childbirth should be built from education policy, house price regulation, tax relief and childcare services. Conclusion: Our research not only highlights the significance of improving the resilience of maternity insurance by combining maternity insurance and health insurance funds, but also suggests a way to economically incentivize beneficiaries to have children so as to mitigate the decline in China's birth rate and cope with the crisis of an ageing population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more dynamic reactive power devices (DRPDs) have been put into operation to improve voltage stability in AC/DC hybrid power system. In order to make full use of these devices, this paper presented an optimization technology for multiple DRPDs’ coordinate operation in the receiving-end of AC/DC hybrid power system. DRPDs’ steady-state reactive instructions are treated as optimization variables in the proposed model, while the objective is minimizing the successive times of HVDC’s commutation failure under a number of grounding faults. Power flow constraints and electromechanical transient process are considered simultaneously. Based on the characteristics of the model, commutation failure of HVDC under each grounding fault could be obtained by employing time-domain simulation method. Furthermore, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to get DRPDs’ optimal reactive instruction in steady-state. The simulation is done by considering Jiangsu power grid in eastern China, including synchronous condenser, STATCOM, and UPFC. The results show that the proposed model and algorithm are corrective and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper constructs an economic growth model that contains human, physical capital, innovation, and energy factors and estimates the output elasticity of seven provinces and cities in East China in the period of 2004–2018. Having calculated the contribution rate of these different factors to economic growth, the paper finds that factors of production have a different elasticity that impacts the growth of different regions and industries and notes that energy and physical capital are the most significant factors for the growth of primary and secondary industries. This highlights that industrial growth has not freed from the path dependence of extensive input, and the authors cite Shanghai and Jiangsu as typical regions in this regard. The former's growth largely depends on physical capital and energy, and the latter's growth depends on the input of diverse elements including innovation. The latter is better suited to the needs of the "new normal" economic growth. The authors construct a simulation model of economic growth based on system dynamics, and system simulation results show that energy and material capital investment not only have the most significant effect on economic growth in East China but also provide clear evidence of extensive economic growth. The paper then demonstrates that increasing the optimal allocation of input factors and the rational flow between regions is conducive to improving output efficiency and provides the results of the Malmquist index calculation: on the whole, there is no obvious technological progress in East China. Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang are, however, provincial-level regions of this part of the country which demonstrate significant technological progress in East China. In conclusion, the paper suggests that this region of China will be unable to maintain its current level of economic growth because of the combined influence of factor input constraints and insufficient technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A forest fire susceptibility map generated with the fire susceptibility model is the basis of fire prevention resource allocation. A more reliable susceptibility map helps improve the effectiveness of resource allocation. Thus, further improving the prediction accuracy is always the goal of fire susceptibility modeling. This paper developed a forest fire susceptibility model based on an ensemble learning method, namely light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), to produce an accurate fire susceptibility map. In the modeling, a subtropical national forest park in the Jiangsu province of China was used as the case study area. We collected and selected eight variables from the fire occurrence driving factors for modeling based on correlation analysis. These variables are from topographic factors, climatic factors, human activity factors, and vegetation factors. For comparative analysis, another two popular modeling methods, namely logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) were also applied to construct the fire susceptibility models. The results show that temperature was the main driving factor of fire in the area. In the produced fire susceptibility map, the extremely high and high susceptibility areas that were classified by LR, RF, and LightGBM were 5.82%, 18.61%, and 19%, respectively. The F1-score of the LightGBM model is higher than the LR and RF models. The accuracy of the model of LightGBM, RF, and LR is 88.8%, 84.8%, and 82.6%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of them is 0.935, 0.918, and 0.868, respectively. The introduced ensemble learning method shows better ability on performance evaluation metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial steam heating is a significant aspect of energy consumption in China, playing a crucial role in industrial energy efficiency. Historically, demand response research has predominantly focused on the electricity sector, with limited emphasis on steam supply. This study explores a novel Time-of-Use pricing approach for steam heating systems, anchored in the demand response theory of price incentives. It develops a peak-valley segmentation method by considering both the load differences between supply and demand and the thermal storage capacity of the pipeline system. Additionally, the paper delves into user response characteristics to formulate an optimized Time-of-Use pricing model for steam heating systems. Implemented in a Jiangsu-based case study, the model demonstrates significant efficiency improvements: it reduces the peak-valley load difference by up to 68.3% and cuts steam purchasing costs by ¥135,000. Furthermore, the alignment between the users' total steam load curve and the heat source's steam supply is enhanced by 18.8%, illustrating the model's effectiveness in balancing demand and supply. • Cluster analysis to extract steam user load characteristics. • Divide peak/valley times based on network storage and user traits. • Create a multi-objective Time-of-Use model for steam pricing optimization. • Carry out a case validation in an actual industrial park in Jiangsu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid LCC/VSC cascaded HVDC (HC-HVDC) scheme, in which the LCC is adopted as rectifier, and one LCC in series with multiple paralleled VSC based MMCs is adopted as inverter, combines the advantages of both LCC and VSC-MMC technologies. Presently, a HC-HVDC project is planned to deliver the hydro power from Baihetan to Jiangsu in China. One of the major challenges is to suppress the DC overcurrent issue of VSC-MMCs especially under commutation failure condition of LCC at inverter side. Based on Baihetan-Jiangsu project under construction, the model of HC-HVDC system is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. In the system, the rectifier employs a dual 12-pulse LCC, while the inverter adopts a hybrid scheme, i.e., one LCC converter in series with three paralleled VSC-MMC converters. This paper addresses the main cause and feature of the DC overcurrent, then proposes an overcurrent suppression control method for HC-HVDC system based on fuzzy clustering and identification approach. And the system transient performances with the proposed control approach are evaluated under AC fault conditions. The results show that the proposed approach can not only suppress the DC overcurrent following the commutation failure to a certain extent, but also improve the post-fault recovery performance of the overall system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional inequality in the process of economic growth has recently been a popular topic. This paper creatively proposes contribution decomposition methods to divide various regions' contributions into economic contribution and population contribution. The methods consider not only economic growth but also population change, which may be more effective than the traditional method that uses the per capita GDP (gross domestic product) as its single measurement indicator. Moreover, the objective is to take a step forward and reveal the spatio‐temporal evolution characteristics of regional disparities by integrating barycentre model and economic development equilibrium model. Lastly, the applicability of the research method proposed in this paper is verified by a case study of Jiangsu province, China; the results show a new regional economic pattern in Jiangsu province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining how to reasonably allocate shelters in the central area of the city and improve evacuation efficiency are important issues in the field of urban disaster prevention. This paper introduces the methodology and mathematical model from the field of crowd emergency evacuation to shelter location optimization. Moreover, a shelter location optimization method based on the combination of static network analysis and dynamic evacuation simulation is proposed. The construction costs and evacuation times are taken as the objective functions. In the first stage, based on the static network analysis, a circular evacuation allocation rule based on the gravity model is proposed, and the genetic algorithm is then designed to solve the feasible schemes with the lowest shelter construction costs. In the second stage, the evacuation time is taken as the optimization objective. The age differences of refugees, the selection of evacuation routes, and the behavior of adults helping children and the elderly are simulated in a dynamic evacuation simulation model. The traditional social force model is improved to conduct a regional evacuation simulation and determine the optimal scheme with the shortest evacuation time. Finally, the central urban area of Xinyi City, Jiangsu Province, China, is taken as an empirical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Understanding the formation and maintenance of biogeographical breaks is fundamental for developing analyses related to biodiversity and conservation. Biogeographical patterns along China's coast are changing dramatically in the face of climate change and alterations in land‐use. In this paper, we sought to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the formation and maintenance of a biogeographical barrier on China's coast. Location: Coastline of northern China. Methods: We have reviewed literature of research related to biogeographical and phylogeographical patterns of intertidal macrobenthos along the coast of Jiangsu Province and adjacent areas, summarized the distribution patterns and biogeographical breakers. We have also reviewed literature about the processes and drivers on coastal biogeographical breaks, to clarify the mechanisms acting to the northward shift of the biogeographical break. Results: The Yangtze (Changjiang) River Estuary Biogeographical Barrier (YREBB) at 30°–31°N, which serves as a coastal biogeographical boundary for the Cold Temperate Northwest Pacific Province and the Warm Temperate Northwest Pacific Province for marine species, has moved northward to ~33°–34°N due to the changes in habitat continuity, oceanographic circulation and climate factors. Consequently, a new biogeographic barrier for intertidal macrobenthos, the Subei Biogeographical Barrier (SBB) on the central coast of Jiangsu Province, has emerged. Main conclusions: The formation and maintenance of the SBB are closely related to the larval dispersal potential, larval settlement success and post‐settlement population establishment, all of which have been profoundly influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes. The northward shift of the YREBB and the appearance of the SBB provide an excellent model system for investigating the impacts of climate change and land‐use change on coastal biogeographic patterning and for clarifying the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of biogeographical barriers in the face of the unprecedented environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China's air quality problem is very serious. Among them, carbon dioxide emissions have been high, which has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems. In order to deeply study the relevant problems, this paper selects the information priority damping gray model to study and predict the carbon emissions of thirty-one provinces and municipalities in China. The model can give priority to new information and adjust the prediction trend, the accuracy of the model is verified by several cases. Through the data collection and data analysis of relevant provinces and cities, it is concluded that a total of twenty-one provinces and municipalities can reach the carbon peak in 2030, of which the carbon dioxide emission of Beijing is expected to drop to 51.3774 million tons by 2030. Ten provinces will not be able to reach the carbon peak by 2030. Among them, by 2030 the carbon dioxide emission of Jiangsu Province is expected to increase to 84.4668 million tons, but the growth rate is declining. The research results can be used as a reference for relevant departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is gradually and directly making rural collective land available on the land market. It is important to understand how stakeholders collectively treat and manage this land, and if this collective action leads to effective and sustainable results. This paper, however, revises Ostrom's framework of collective action by constructing the joint analysis of social capital, trust, and cooperation performance, in order to better capture the distinction between voluntary action and enforced action of stakeholders towards a sustainable goal. We analyze the role of voluntary collective action through higher-order structural equation modeling (HSEM), applied to a database consisting of 324 households in Jiangsu Province, China, collected in 2022 and 2023. The results suggest that social capital effectively promotes villagers' trust in policy implementers by establishing new institutions, increasing actors' trustworthiness, and improving channels of information exchange, and the first two means are more effective than the latter. We also demonstrate the significant positive effect of trust on cooperation performance, with trusting relationships with familiar groups and the credible behavior of policy implementers affecting performance outcomes of collective action. Moreover, social capital drives cooperation performance through the mediating effect of mutual trust that it breeds. With this revised framework and verified hypotheses one can thus create more effective policies to avoid inequality and informality in the land marketization process in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural e‐commerce clusters are new phenomena that have emerged in rural China. In examining the case of Shuyang County in Jiangsu Province, this paper puts forward an integrated model revealing the formation mechanism of agricultural e‐commerce clusters. The paper shows that the formation of agricultural e‐commerce clusters involves four processes of technology introduction, technology diffusion, quality crisis, and industrial agglomeration based on elements such as industry bases, e‐commerce platforms, network facilities, logistics services, entrepreneurial talent, local government, and market demand. Rural social networks and imitation behaviors promote technology diffusion by reducing the cost of technology introduction, and industrial agglomeration is found in the economies showing a deepening of labor divisions and geographic agglomeration. Throughout the formation process, a quality crisis may occur due to a race to the bottom and the opportunistic behaviors of local farmers. This work suggests that regional e‐commerce development is a systematic project. Governments of developing countries should not only realize the positive impacts of e‐commerce for the development of the agricultural industry but also recognize the premise and logic of how e‐commerce can play a prominent role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the development of prefabricated building (PB) mode in China has gradually attracted the attention of stakeholders. It is of great significance to explore the adoption behavior of PB mode by Chinese construction enterprises. Using the method of combining evolutionary game theory with system dynamics and considering the multiagent interaction of the government, construction enterprises, and consumers, as well as the influence of multiple factors, this paper constructs a model of construction enterprises' adoption behavior of PB mode. The purpose is to clarify the mechanism of Chinese construction enterprises' adoption behavior of PB mode and the evolution law of market share. The research results show the following. Firstly, government subsidy plays an important role in promoting the maturity of PB market, but it plays a relatively small role in the more mature and stable market. Secondly, the higher the initial acceptance probability of the construction enterprise, the greater the peak of the PB market share and the greater the volatility, but it has no differential impact on the balance of the PB market in the later stage. Thirdly, price factors and quality factors, respectively, have an important impact on the increase of the PB market share in the early and late stages of the formation of the PB market, but the delivery waiting time factor has no significant impact on the PB market share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mobility and bioavailability of soil heavy metals strongly depend on their fractions. Secondary-phase fraction (SPF) of heavy metal, including acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable fractions, is considered as direct and potential hazardous fraction to organisms. The ratio of SPF to the total concentration of heavy metal represents its bioavailability. In this study, 126 topsoil samples were collected in Kunshan, Jiangsu, China. Fraction concentrations of heavy metals, and their bioavailability and spatial distributions were determined, and relationships between their fractions and types of industry zones were analyzed. Results showed that Cd and Pb had the greatest SPFs among all metals (78.61% and 62.60%, respectively). Great SPFs of Cd and Pb were observed in the dyeing and paper-making industry zone, while great SPFs of Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni were in the smelting and plating industry zone. For most metals, fraction distributions were controlled by soil organic matter and clay contents. Spatial principal component analysis showed SPFs of heavy metals can be explained by two principle components (PCs). PC1 represented SPFs of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, while PC2 represented SPFs of Ni and Co. The spatial distributions of SPFs were influenced by geochemical character, industrial sewage irrigation and soil physico-chemical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Metso will supply a greenfield kraft pulp mill to the Japanese Oji Paper Co Ltd, to be built in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, in the southern part of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in developing the agricultural sector and increasing opportunities for farmers to promote sustainable livelihoods. The study aims to enhance discussion and gain an in-depth understanding of farm entrepreneurship in the context of sustainability in China. We conducted a case study of five farmers practicing organic farming through semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The analysis shows that organic farms enhance sustainability through many economic, social and environmental contributions. Additionally, emerging societal awareness of healthy foods and the increasing demand for organic products are among the most important opportunities contributing to the growth of organic farming. Despite this, farm entrepreneurship among organic farms faces many challenges, such as land use rights, lack of business networks and government subsidies. However, the government is the main player in promoting sustainability practices among entrepreneurs and society through agricultural policy development and promotion of organic products. We believe that this paper is the first attempt to study organic farm entrepreneurship in China from an entrepreneurs' viewpoint. The conclusions could have potential implications and guidelines for promoting organic agriculture policies in national and international contexts. The conclusions have significant implications and potential guidelines for promoting sustainability in national and international contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When many cities need quantitative forecasts of air quality to adjust industrial production plans and urbanization development, how to build an efficient forecast model remain a challenge. Methodology for quantitative prediction of air quality can no longer rely on single‐site observations, and thus approaches that require fewer input data and are more efficient and more reliable need to be explored. This paper proposes the principles and steps of a new model using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and principal component regression (PCR), which is a hybrid EOF‐PCR approach that decomposes the panel data of PM2.5 and predictors into spatial structures (EOFs) and time expansion coefficients (ECs) by EOF analysis, establishes the PCR of the ECs of PM2.5, and simulates the PM2.5 concentrations in each city by projecting the fitted ECs through EOFs. The very heart of the new model is the PCR modeling and projection. The results are presented for PM2.5 concentrations over Jiangsu Province in eastern China. The results show that this EOF‐PCR model, which is based on EC1s with a cumulative variance contribution rate above 90%, has an average prediction accuracy of 65%. The model performs best in spring and autumn, better in summer and worst in winter. Most predictors have a maximum lag of a week, and they are quite different among seasons. Considering the influence of the spatial distributions of predictors, rather than covariates at a single site, this model can reflect regional influences and effectively improve the simulation effect. Plain Language Summary: This study aims to develop a hybrid statistical model for regional forecasting of PM2.5 concentrations using EOF analysis and principal component regression, based on daily observations of PM2.5 concentrations and meteorological predictors. In the study area, the emission sources are relatively fixed, and meteorological conditions represent the main factor affecting short‐term air quality. The panel data of PM2.5 concentration and predictors are decomposed into spatial structures (EOFs) and temporal expansion coefficients (ECs) by EOF analysis. A principal component regression model was built to simulate the ECs of the PM2.5 concentrations, with the ECs of the predictors. Finally, through the inverse operation of the EOF analysis, the fitting values of the PM2.5 ECs are projected as PM2.5 concentrations at each site. The proposed model can reduce input requirements, improve computational efficiency, and emphasize the synergistic effect of meteorological factor distributional modes, rather than a point influence. Key Points: Proposed new regional forecast approach has less demand for input data, especially emissions dataForecasting accuracy was improved and reached nearly 70%, and computational efficiency and speed also increasedPM2.5 concentrations are sensitive to regional distributions of different meteorological predictors, that is, EOFs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmland classification and gradation is to scientifically quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of farmland through quantitative indicators, and to comprehensively assess and classify the quality of farmland. It is an effective measure to realize the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation and to ensure the dynamic balance of total cultivated land. The core of farmland classification is the nationally comparable index calculating and hierarchical system establishing. Productive ratio coefficient is the important parameter that directly affects the results of farmland classification and national comparability in the process of calculating grading index. The function of productive ratio coefficient is to convert grain into standard grain to achieve national comparability. However, the basis of determining the productive ratio coefficient in different regions is different, and the grading results cannot reach the national comparability. Nutrition equivalent unit, calculated by the mean of nutrient density in food, can reflect the overall condition of the nutrients contained in the food. It is an evaluation index to measure the total content of different nutrients in food according to the types and contents of nutrients in food, and to evaluate the comprehensive nutrients supply ability of food needed by the body. By comparing the nutrition equivalent unit of different foods, we can make a comprehensive evaluation and judgment on the nutritional value of different foods. Considering that though base crops and designated crops are different in different regions, they can be uniformly and comparable at the level of nutrients required by crops to supply energy and nutrients to human body. Based on this, 20 nutrient indices, such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin, and nine crops regulated by standard tillage system were selected to construct a nutrient equivalent correction method. Productive ratio coefficient was revised by calculating the "nutrition equivalent unit" of different crops to improve the national comparability of farmland classification results. Taking land consolidation project area in Quzhou county of Hebei Province with wheat as the base crop in northern China and Dingshu town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, with rice as the base crop in southern China as examples to carry out research, the productive ratio coefficient was calculated by the nutrient equivalent correction method and the max yield ratio method, and in this paper, we compared the differences of farmland nature grade obtained by two methods. The results showed that the natural quality index range of Quzhou County's land consolidation project area increased from 2 060-2 896 to 2 516-3 580, and the nature grade increased from 11-15 to 13-18. The natural quality index range of Dingshu town decreased from 2 460-2 918 to 2 033-2 393, and the nature grade decreased from 13-15 to 11-12. The natural grade difference of farmland between two research areas expanded. By revising the existing productive ratio coefficient and establishing a more standardized grading system, this paper provides a scientific basis for ascertaining the quality of resources and for the balance of cultivated land in different places. It is an important way and means for deepening both the quantity of farmland resources and the quality of the management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial structure is the result of the allocation of economic resources of a country or a region, and to a large extent determines the efficiency of the use of economic resources. The process of national or regional economic growth is the dynamic evolution process of industrial structure from uncoordinated to coordinated, from lower-level coordination to higher-level coordination, that is, the process of continuous optimization of industrial structure. The concepts of industrial structure deviation and industrial structure coordination degree are proposed in this paper. The weighted average values of the industrial structures of the developed countries such as the USA, UK, France, Germany and Japan in the year when their per capita GDP reaches US $10000, US $20000 and US $30000 was calculated respectively. Then, the standard industrial structure was calculated with the weighted average values of the industrial structures of the five developed countries as reference frame. And the definition of industrial structure deviation and industrial structure coordination degree is put forward accordingly. At last, the coordination degree of industrial structure in China. Jiangsu Province, Southern Jiangsu, Central Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu is calculated according to the data oj actual industrial structure in 2019. And the industrial structure optimization and adjustment plan of China and Jiangsu Province is worked out according to the set target structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate global climate change and achieve CO 2 emissions reduction goals, China proposed to shift to dual control of total CO 2 emissions (CE) and CO 2 emissions intensity (CEI) as early as possible. Accurately assessing provincial sectoral CE and CEI and developing reasonable regulatory strategies is a prerequisite for achieving the goal of dual control. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis from different perspectives of the supply chain. Therefore, this paper evaluates the CE and CEI in provincial sectors of China in 2017 from production-based and consumption-based perspectives according to multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. Then, we analyze the supply chain of transmission sector by betweenness-based method as a supplementary perspective. The results show that: (1) The CE and CEI from different perspectives are different and can complement each other. (2) Production and distribution of electric power and heat power in Inner Mongolia (P5D24), construction in Jiangsu (P10D27), distribution of electric power and heat power in Beijing (P1D24) are the critical sectors for dual control of CE and CEI from production, consumption, betweenness-based perspectives, respectively. (3) Construction in Jiangsu (P10D27) and Shanxi (P4D27) have the highest embodied CE and CEI in China respectively. Energy and raw material sectors from upstream supply chain contribute large CE to construction sectors. This research suggests that paying attention to critical sectors from different perspectives of the supply chain and taking different measures to decrease CO 2 emissions. Taking both CE and CEI into consideration and allocating CO 2 emissions reduction pressures reasonably among provincial sectors. At the same time, taking care of relevant upstream sectors of the supply chain to help a single sector achieve CO 2 emissions reduction goals and promote China's transition to dual control of CE and CEI. [Display omitted] • Identify the critical provincial sectors from both CO 2 emissions and intensity. • Use betweenness-based results as complementary strategies. • The energy and raw material sectors contribute large CO 2 emissions to construction. • Explore dual control of CO 2 emissions and intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The road network is the skeletal element of topographic maps at different scales. In general, urban roads are connected by road segments, thus forming a series of road meshes. Mesh elimination is a key step in evaluating the importance of roads during the road network data management and a prerequisite to the implementation of continuous multiscale spatial representation of road networks. The existing mesh-based method is an advanced road elimination method whereby meshes with the largest density are sequentially selected and road segments with the least importance in each mesh are eliminated. However, the road connectivity and integrity may be destroyed in specific areas by this method because some eliminated road segments could be located in the middle of road strokes. Therefore, this paper proposed an elimination method for isolated meshes in a road network considering stroke edge feature. First, small meshes were identified by using mesh density thresholds, which can be obtained by the sample data statistical algorithm. Thereafter, the small meshes related to the edge segments of road strokes were taken out and defined as stroke edge meshes, and the remaining small meshes were defined as stroke non-edge meshes. Second, by computing the mesh density of all stroke edge meshes, the mesh with the largest density was selected as the starting mesh, and the least important edge segment in the mesh was eliminated. The difference between the existing mesh-based method and the proposed method is that the starting mesh is a stroke edge mesh, not any given small mesh, and the eliminated segment is just only one of edge segments of strokes not chosen from among all segments. Third, mesh elimination was implemented by iteratively processing the stroke edge meshes with the largest mesh density until all of them were eliminated and their mesh density exceeded the threshold. The stroke non-edge meshes were directly preserved. Finally, a 1:10,000 topographic road map of an area in Jiangsu Province of China was used for validation. The experimental results show that for all stroke non-edge meshes and 23% of the stroke edge meshes, compared to the mesh-based method, the road stroke connectivity and integrity of road strokes were better preserved by the proposed method, and the remaining 77% of the elimination results for the stroke edge meshes were the same under the two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving sustainable development through China's national territory spatial planning requires comprehensive knowledge of all land characteristics. This paper introduces a land-type map of Jiangsu province (104 km2) in eastern China to provide such knowledge. The land-type map focuses on both physical geographic components (e.g. climate types, landforms, and soil types) and human-related components (e.g. land-use types and intensities). These components were represented by parameter layers and integrated with the help of the Geographic Information System (GIS) overlay function. A hierarchical land-type classification system was generated to provide land mapping units that represented certain degrees of geographic homogeneity and land-use potential. Trading off the relationship between resource protection and resource utilization, the space of Jiangsu was divided into seven land-use zones with different land-use policies based on the land-type map. The land-type map can thus be taken into consideration for land planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water surface photovoltaic (PV) is in the early stage of development, facing the problem of weighing economic and environmental benefits. Due to the lack of long-term statistical data and complex environmental impact, it is difficult to carry out effective benefit assessment for water surface PV projects based on existing methods. This paper, focusing on ecological environment impact instead of carbon emission, proposes the economic and environmental synergies assessment model of water surface PV projects. The core of the model is to use the gain estimation of cross-spectrum analysis to evaluate the consistent fluctuation of economic benefit and environmental benefit. In order to expose the gain spectrum, the trend component of economic benefit is extracted by singular spectrum analysis, and the biological and chemical factors of environmental benefit are identified by factor analysis. An empirical study on a 10MWp "fishery and photovoltaics integration" demonstration project in Jiangsu Province of China is conducted. The assessment result shows that the economic and environmental synergies of the project are not optimal, and the economic benefit should be reduced to mitigate the ecological damage. The empirical study shows that the assessment model is insensitive to factor weight distribution, and is not affected by noise. • The model is applicable when data is few but detailed, early in projects. • The model has advantages of robustness in dealing with multi-index and noise. • If focusing on water quality, the synergies of the case study project will be poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern trams have been widely used around the world, especially in China. This paper explores the main influencing factors of modern trams' passenger flow at the early operational stage. The system dynamics model is adopted for dealing with the problem on hand. Tram Line 1 in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China is selected as the case study. Data are collected using the RP and SP survey. The sensitivity test and extreme condition test are performed. The simulation results demonstrate that four variables (i.e., land development intensity, fares, service level, and transfer efficiency) significantly affect passenger flow. Land development intensity is the most significant factor, and the effect of service level on passenger flow is higher than that of the fares. The departure interval of 10 minutes is the maximum psychological limit that passengers can bear, and 2 RMB is a reasonable price. Such conclusions can provide guidance for the planning and design of modern trams and address the problem of shortage of passengers at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wide-shallow composite bucket structure is a new offshore wind power foundation structure developed in recent years. The field information on long-term natural frequency of composite bucket supported offshore wind turbine under complex marine environment is necessary for structural design, maintenance and serviceability assessment. In this paper, an analysis of 170 days of field data from Jiangsu offshore wind farm, China is presented in detail. The natural excitation technique combined with eigen system realization algorithm is used for the analysis of natural frequency. Subsequently, the long-term features of the natural frequency, and the effect of environmental factors (wind and wave) on natural frequency and their statistical characteristics are comprehensively investigated. The normal distribution is found to be suitable for characterizing the statistical feature of natural frequency. Pearson's correlation revealed that there is a negative correlation between natural frequencies and wind speed/wave height. Furthermore, considering the uncertainty of wind speed and wave height, the probability distribution of first natural frequency of offshore wind turbine is acquired by Monte Carlo simulation, which can lay the foundation for the structure design, modal validation and damage diagnosis of wind turbine. • Natural frequency extracted from long-term monitoring data of an offshore wind turbine are investigated. • Effect of environmental factors (wind and wave) on the natural frequency and their statistical characteristics are evaluated. • Probability distributions of first natural frequency of offshore wind turbine is acquired by Monte Carlo simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wide-shallow composite bucket structure is a new offshore wind power foundation structure developed in recent years. The field information on long-term natural frequency of composite bucket supported offshore wind turbine under complex marine environment is necessary for structural design, maintenance and serviceability assessment. In this paper, an analysis of 170 days of field data from Jiangsu offshore wind farm, China is presented in detail. The natural excitation technique combined with eigen system realization algorithm is used for the analysis of natural frequency. Subsequently, the long-term features of the natural frequency, and the effect of environmental factors (wind and wave) on natural frequency and their statistical characteristics are comprehensively investigated. The normal distribution is found to be suitable for characterizing the statistical feature of natural frequency. Pearson's correlation revealed that there is a negative correlation between natural frequencies and wind speed/wave height. Furthermore, considering the uncertainty of wind speed and wave height, the probability distribution of first natural frequency of offshore wind turbine is acquired by Monte Carlo simulation, which can lay the foundation for the structure design, modal validation and damage diagnosis of wind turbine. • Natural frequency extracted from long-term monitoring data of an offshore wind turbine are investigated. • Effect of environmental factors (wind and wave) on the natural frequency and their statistical characteristics are evaluated. • Probability distributions of first natural frequency of offshore wind turbine is acquired by Monte Carlo simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breakwater scour seriously affects the safety and stability of breakwater foundation. Previous research has primarily focused on breakwater scour of sandy coasts, and to date, limited studies exist on silty–muddy coasts. This study analyzed the causes of scour around the breakwater head in Binhai Harbor, Jiangsu Province from the perspective of hydrodynamic changes and sediments based on years of field observation data and a two-dimensional tidal current numerical model. The observation results showed that four years after breakwater construction, a scour hole with a scour depth over 20 m formed in the northeast of the breakwater head. The development of the scour experienced a process of sudden acceleration, followed by slowing. After the construction of the breakwater, the tidal flow velocity near the breakwater head exceeded the critical motion velocity of the muddy clay layer, which was the main factor for the formation of the scour hole. Our findings indicate that when the scour tended to an equilibrium, the scouring area expanded to the northern and southern sides. This research provides a reference for studying morphodynamic change processes caused by the construction of marine structures on silty–muddy coasts. • This paper focused on the scour near the breakwater head on silty-muddy coast. • Years of terrain data was collected to study the scour development process. • Critical motion condition of sediment was calculated to explain the scour mechanism. • Numerical model was used to predict the potential scour range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Reducing factor misallocation can increase agricultural productivity and farmer income. • A theoretical framework shows how farmland leasing affects aggregated TFP. • Efficient factor reallocation could theoretically result in a 23.6% increase in TFP. • An 1% increase in farmland leasing leads to a 1.087% gain in aggregate TFP. • An 1% increase in farmland leasing results in a 0.267% reduction in misallocation. Reducing factor misallocation is crucial for enhancing agricultural aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. This paper presents a theoretical framework illustrating how farmland leasing affects aggregated TFP via the reduction of misallocation. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of cost and benefit survey for Jiangsu rice farmers, monthly surface climatological data, and soil characteristic information from FAO, this study finds that efficient factor reallocation could theoretically result in a 23.6% increase in aggregate TFP. In practice, a 1% increase in farmland leasing leads to a 1.087% gain in aggregate TFP and a 0.267% reduction in misallocation using IV regression. These effects become larger after the Three Rights Separation (TRS) reform compared to prior conditions. The mediation effects of farmland leasing on TFP through misallocation reduction are only observed in Southern Jiangsu, possibly due to farmland concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]