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The research explored the temp-spatial evolution characteristics for the spatial mismatch and vulnerability among the tourism-economy-ecosystem along the Yangtze River Economic Belt by using research methods including the spatial mismatch and vulnerability based on the panel data from 2004 to 2018. The results are as follows. (1) The overall mismatch along the Yangtze River Economic Belt presented a polarized development trend within which Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang showed a typical positive mismatch and other provinces showed a negative mismatch; the overall spatial mismatch index tended to be more severe, the phenomenon of antagonism occurred more frequent and the situation of mismatch became more critical. (2) The overall vulnerability index along the Yangtze River Economic Belt presented a fluctuating trend and the healthy, risky, and severe development trends coexisted within the development process of each province’s vulnerability index. (3) The nine provinces and two cities could be decided into 3 typical categories of planned development regions by the comprehensive spatial mismatch and vulnerability index: Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Hubei belonging to developing regions; Hunan, Chongqing, and Sichuan belonging to development and protection regions; Anhui, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and Yunnan belonging to protective regions. In the end, the paper puts forward specific suggestions on how to eliminate the spatial mismatch and vulnerability situation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from both macro and micro perspectives, so as to provide theoretical reference for the high-quality sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and other major river basins. The research explored the temp-spatial evolution characteristics for the spatial mismatch and vulnerability among the tourism-economy-ecosystem along the Yangtze River Economic Belt by using research methods including the spatial mismatch and vulnerability based on the panel data from 2004 to 2018. The results are as follows. (1) The overall mismatch along the Yangtze River Economic Belt presented a polarized development trend within which Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang showed a typical positive mismatch and other provinces showed a negative mismatch; the overall spatial mismatch index tended to be more severe, the phenomenon of antagonism occurred more frequent and the situation of mismatch became more critical. (2) The overall vulnerability index along the Yangtze River Economic Belt presented a fluctuating trend and the healthy, risky, and severe development trends coexisted within the development process of each province’s vulnerability index. (3) The nine provinces and two cities could be decided into 3 typical categories of planned development regions by the comprehensive spatial mismatch and vulnerability index: Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Hubei belonging to developing regions; Hunan, Chongqing, and Sichuan belonging to development and protection regions; Anhui, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and Yunnan belonging to protective regions. In the end, the paper puts forward specific suggestions on how to eliminate the spatial mismatch and vulnerability situation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from both macro and micro perspectives, so as to provide theoretical reference for the high-quality sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and other major river basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the transformation of Buddhist culture in the Jiangnan region (present-day southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang), driven by wartime disruptions during the transition from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming. The Yuan Dynasty witnessed the flourishing of Buddhism, and in Jiangnan, the thriving Zen tradition carried on the legacy of the Southern Song Dynasty. Buddhism found many adherents among the affluent gentry class in Jiangnan, fostering a culture of generous charity that sustained and expanded Buddhism in the region. However, the conflicts toward the end of the Yuan Dynasty inflicted considerable damage on the temples, causing monks to flee. Temples, recognizable landmarks during conflicts, were susceptible to military occupation. Visiting Goryeo monks Muhak Jacho and Naong Hyegeun, and Japanese monks Mumon Gensen and Ginan, were forced to abandon their travels and return to their respective homelands, disrupting the once-thriving Buddhist exchange between Jiangnan and broader East Asia. The chaotic environment also fostered alliances between influential monks and regional powers, providing refuge for monks and an opportunity for both sides to forge beneficial connections. Anti-Yuan factions strategically protected revered monks, leveraging their influence to attract literati and intellectuals, who shared common ethical and spiritual values. This dynamic showcased the mutual benefits derived from such collaboration. Through an exploration of the interplay between politics, social forces, and Buddhism, this paper examines the impact of wartime turmoil on the development of Buddhism in the Jiangnan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social and organizational innovations are one of the most effective ways to gain social collaboration for effective, rapid, and coordinated interventions. An analysis of the relationship among organizational performance (OP), social innovations (SI) and organizational innovation (OI) in social organizations (SOs) is little discussed in the literature and much less with main component analysis. This paper is an effort to provide some empirical evidences about social and organizational innovations that social organizations in China have implemented to address the social issues of the society. A survey of Chinese SO's is conducted during beginning two months of 2022 in provinces of Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang to attain the statistics and assessing the insights of the executives of the SOs participating in this study with respect to organizational performance, social and organizational innovations. The technique used to select the sample is a non-probabilistic sampling and multiple linear regression model is applied to determine the partial impact of organizational innovations and social innovations on the organizational performance. The grouping of the variables is carried out through main components analysis. The empirical findings of the study highlight that Chinese SOs are innovative because they adopt management strategies to address the social issues associated with their institutional mission. There are four groups of derived components from organizational and social innovations based on the empirical evidence: SO's innovative activities to modify the environment; inside innovative measures to enhance SO's performance; innovative activities of SO's to enhance their relationships with outside actors; innovative measures to improve the management of SOs related to their mission and institutional projects. The findings of this study offer an efficient solution to government and policy makers for involving SOs in terms of planning of social development in China. The social and organizational innovations are very necessary to overcome the social issues so government should encourage the establishment and sustainability of social organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agglomerations are becoming an increasingly important factor in advancing regional development and reshaping a new pattern of regional competition. However, few studies are focused on the impact of expanding urban agglomerations on reducing carbon emissions and its possible mechanism. Based on 285 city-level panel data from 2006 to 2017, this paper uses a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to explore the reduction effect and its possible mechanism of sustainable regional development policy, characterized by urban agglomeration expansion policy in the Yangtze River Delta, on carbon emissions with policy shocks in 2010 and 2013. The results are as follows: (1) The urban agglomeration expansion policy shows a significant marginal contribution to the reduction of carbon emissions, especially for the later joined (new) cities, and the reduction effect is particularly significant in the first and third years after the expansion, indicating that there are significant short-term and long-term reduction effects of the expansion policy. (2) The heterogeneities of reduction effect among three provinces are significant. Zhejiang Province enjoys the largest proportion carbon emission reduction effect, followed by Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. To be specific, urban agglomeration expansion in Zhejiang Province reduced carbon emissions and carbon emissions intensity in the overall, incumbent cities and new cities, while it only increased the total carbon emissions of the incumbent cities in Jiangsu province. (3) The heterogeneities of reduction effect brought by 2010 and 2013 are also significant. The urban agglomeration expansion policy in 2010 reduced carbon emissions on the whole cities and the incumbent cities with later joined cities excluded, while it had a significant reduction effect on the total, incumbent cities, and the new cities in 2013. (4) There are two possible mechanisms of this reduction effect. One is the strengthening of economic ties and enhanced environmental synergy between governments, called the market integration mechanism, which only has a significant effect on carbon emission reduction in the incumbent cities. Another is through the upgrade of the structure of regional industries, which has a significant effect in both the incumbent and new cities. These findings suggest that when formulating urban agglomerations polices, governments must take into account the carbon emissions effect, and advance the upgrading of industrial structure in the urban agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy logic system can build process data model by learning data. It is widely used in modeling, monitoring and control. Based on the concept of charity culture education, this paper takes the survey data of private enterprises in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai as samples, and uses the structural equation model to test the mechanism of political connection to ease corporate credit financing constraints in companies. The survey shows that bank loans are the main way of financing for private enterprises, but it is difficult for private enterprises to obtain long-term loans. It can be seen that private enterprises are facing strong credit financing constraints. We found that in the process of enterprise management and operation, political connections are beneficial to reduce the cost of financial borrowing. Through charitable donation, enterprises can have stronger strategic conditions, thus optimizing the management structure of enterprises and reducing financial cost constraints. This kind of association behavior also has huge economic effects, empirical results show that charitable motivation has a significant positive impact on corporate credit demand satisfaction, loan maturity and loan cost. According to the research conclusion, this paper puts forward some suggestions from three aspects: enterprise, government and financial system to promote the healthy development of private enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate transboundary pollution problems in the Yangtze River Delta Region where emission permits trading and abatement costs under learning by doing. At first, we use the optimal control theory to analyze two‐area transboundary pollution problems and give an empirical study for the Shanghai Municipality and Zhejiang Province by using four‐order Runge‐Kutta method and the authentic economic data. Then, we extend two‐area transboundary pollution problems to three‐area transboundary pollution problems and also give an empirical study by adopting the authentic economic data of Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, and Jiangsu Province. Finally, we get a similar conclusion that the abatement cost will decrease with the amelioration of abatement technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the difference in land carrying capacity and its evolution incoastal areas in the Yangtze River Delta is important for optimally allocatingits land resources and sustaining its social and economic development. This paper presents an evaluation index system for calculating the land carrying capacity of these areasusing the support- pressure concept. We analyzed the spatiotemporal change in land carrying capacity of 11 coastal areas in the delta in 2000, 2010 and 2018, using a combination of the entropy model, the coupling coordination-degree model and the land capacity carry model. The data used in the models were obtained from remote sensing image interpretation and the national socioeconomic statistics database. The evaluation index system could be used to complement the existing evaluation research results, especially in the context of the development model of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. It could further improve our understanding of the evolutionary change in land carrying capacity in the coastal areas. Our results indicated that: 1) The coastal areas were overloaded in all three years, with the stress imposed to the lands more than what the lands could support. The supporting force index had been wavily increased while the pressure index had been in decline over the three years. In terms of support evaluation factors, the “construction investment support” was significantly higher than the “land resources basic support” and “policy control support”. In terms of evaluation factors for pressure, the mean measurement values were ranked in “land use disturbance pressure” < “coastal disaster damage pressure” <“socioeconomic development pressure”. 2) Amongthe total 33 coastal areas sampled in each of the three years, nineareas had a land carrying capacity index >1, indicating that the surplus status of the coastal areas accounted for 27.3%. The support and pressure levels remained unchanged for Shanghai and Hangzhou, but for other areas they showed continuous rise, decline, or alternate rise and fall. 3) Areas with coupling degree between 0.9 and 1.0 accounted for 97% of the total areas, all incoordinated coupling period. The land support-pressure coordination degree had four types: moderately imbalanced, basically coordinated, moderately coordinatedand highly coordinated. Spatially, most coordination types in Jiangsu were moderately imbalanced, and Zhejiang were dominated by basically coordinated with a spatial pattern of “low in north and high in south”. The coastal areashad formed a spatial pattern that converged toward Shanghai in all directions. 4) The land carrying capacity of all coastal areas in the Yangtze River Delta was overloaded, but the degree of the overload appeared to have been weakening. The studied areas in each of the three years were in a state with overload and surplus coexisting. The capacity showed a spatial pattern of “overload in south-north and surplus in center” in Jiangsu province, “global surplus” in Shanghai, and “surplus in north and overload in south” in Zhejiang province. The spatial variation of land carrying capacity in the coastal areas in the Yangtze River Delta showed that the capacity in 2000 could be divided into four states: high surplus, low surplus, low overload and high overload, while in 2010 and 2018 there were only three states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions (CE) have a profound impact on the natural environment of the surface, and the ecologic environment quality (EEQ) affects the conversion and absorption of CE. CE and EEQ have an interaction and mutual influence relationship. The connection between them includes not only local interactions but also the long-range distance of external systems. It is critical to measure CE and EEQ and coordinate their association in order to increase the effectiveness of CE and EEQ collaborative governance. However, the traditional remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model ignores the importance of air quality. Furthermore, there is limited current research on the local and telecoupling relationship between CE and the EEQ. To fill these research gaps, this paper first used night light data to dynamically monitor CE. Then we proposed an upgraded RSEI model (RSEInew) to assess EEQ. Finally, the local and telecoupling coordination degree (LTCCD) model was suggested to further investigate their relationship in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2000 to 2019. The results showed that: (1) Total CE in the YREB increased from 837.5738 million tons to 4757.3794 million tons between 2000 and 2019 but has not yet reached its peak. Jiangsu and Zhejiang are at the forefront in terms of CE and have huge emission reduction potential. (2) The YREB's overall EEQ has deteriorated over the last 20 years. The average RSEInew value ranged between 0.52 and 0.71, with "medium" and "good" EEQ levels dominating. (3) The LTCCD of CE and EEQ in the YREB has increased year by year. This study can deliver a reference for decision-makers to synergistically formulate carbon emission reduction plans and environmental protection schemes. • Ecologic environment quality should combine regional characteristics, our RSEInew model could evaluate it with introduces PM2.5. • Carbon emissions and the ecologic environment quality interact with each other, with near- and long-range interactions. • The LTCCD model enable to analysis the local and telecoupling relationships of CE and EEQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green transformation has become the epoch-making needs of Chinese cities to break through the bottleneck of development. Drawing lessons from the urban development experiences of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces in China, this paper provides a practical reference for the urban green transformation in Northeast China. According to the theory of urban metabolism, the paper systematically develops a measurable framework of urban green transformation that covers social, economic and environmental dimensions, and uses a super hybrid model with a window analysis to estimate the dynamic efficiency of urban green transformation. The results present opposite trends between Southeast and Northeast cities in China. Afterwards, the generalized method of moments is used to analyze the impacts of spatial agglomeration and science and education supports on the efficiency of urban green transformation. By contrast, a self-weakening trend of urban green transformation occurs in Northeast China, where the urban size is too small to optimize the industry layout by means of urban value chain, and the return on the investment in science and education is not significant enough, which leads to the lack of impetus for a continuous urban transformation. Therefore, the urban development strategy in Northeast China should center on the urban value chain, and then promote urbanization and industrial restructuring and integration, improving the talent adsorption effect, as well as achieving urban complementary advantages and a differential development. • The coexistence of low speed and poor quality is the main situation of current urbanization in Northeast China. • The Matthew effect of sustained self-weakening in the Northeast is significant. • City scale and brain drain become the fetters of the development in Northeast China. • The key to solve the problem in Northeast China lies in reintegrating the city value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's largest inland shipping channel, the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is strategic to China's sustainable development where policymakers are increasingly emphasizing not only this region's economic development but also its CO 2 emission reduction targets. To achieve emission targets in the YREB region, it is essential to identify the driving forces of its CO 2 emissions. However, existing studies are not very refined and only examine the overall effects of drivers on CO 2 emission changes, while neglecting the sub-regional and sectoral level effects across China. More refined research, therefore, will provide better-targeted policies for emission reduction relevant to regional levels such as the YREB region. Towards this end, this paper integrates the methods of structural decomposition analysis and attribution analysis to demonstrate the driving forces, at both sub-regional and sectoral levels, for YREB's emission changes from 2002 to 2012. Our results reveal the following: (1) Jiangsu Province has always been the main regional source of increasing CO 2 emissions in the YREB, accounting for more than 20% of total CO 2 emission growth. (2) The Electricity and Heat Production and Supply sector is responsible for most of the increases in CO 2 emissions, both in 2002–2007 (609.8 Mt, 54.8%) and 2007–2012 (287.6 Mt, 34%). (3) During the period of 2007–2012, changes in per capita final demand were the primary driving force for the increases in CO 2 emissions, while changes in CO 2 emission intensity were the largest driving force for decreasing CO 2 emissions, respectively accounting for 179.9% and −119.4% of total emission changes in the YREB region. (4) Moreover, the effect of emission intensity mainly exists in the Electricity and Heat Production and Supply sector in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, accounting for respectively, 10% and 10.4% of the total effects across all economic sectors. Considering the diverse impacts of driving forces in different sub-regions and economic sectors, policymakers should apply more refined measures to utilize varying driving forces in different sub-regions and economic sectors towards sustainable development. • We analyze drivers of CO 2 emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). • Drivers of CO 2 emissions are decomposed into both sub-regions and sectors. • Jiangsu province and three main sectors dominated CO 2 emissions in the YREB. • Intensity changes in Jiangsu's three sectors largely reduced YREB's emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guo, D.; Xu, M., and Li, Y., 2020. An empirical study on the CPI interaction in the Yangtze River Delta economic zone. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 281–284. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Accurate identification of the source and transmission mechanism of price fluctuation in an economic zone is not only conducive to maintaining price stability and promoting the healthy development of the regional economy, but also its interaction can reflect the degree of integration of economic development among the main bodies in the region. However, few studies have explored the comprehensive price interaction in the integrated economic zone. Therefore, this paper chose the consumer price index (CPI) data of each province in the Yangtze River Delta economic zone to empirically analyze the CPI interaction cross the economic zone. The results showed that CPI fluctuation in Shanghai has a greater influence on CPI fluctuation in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Shanghai and Jiangsu are each other's Granger causality, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang are each other's Granger causality. The results indicated that Shanghai and Jiangsu have highly integrated industrial and market structures, whereas Zhejiang has a relatively independent industrial and market structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]