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Ho3+ and Eu3+ co-doping GdScO 3 crystal was successfully grown by special EFG method. The spectroscopic properties of the crystal were measured and analyzed. The absorption cross section was calculated to be 2.027 × 10−20 cm2 at 1161 nm. The J-O theory intensity parameters Ω t (t = 2, 4, 6), radiative transition rates, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative lifetimes were calculated. The Ho,Eu:GdScO 3 crystal has very strong emission at 2869 nm and the emission cross section was 13.524 × 10−21 cm2. The fluorescence lifetimes of the 5I 7 and 5I 6 levels were measured to be 4.457 ms and 1.265 ms. Confirmed that Eu3+ can be used as an effective deactivation ion of Ho3+ in GdScO 3 crystal. All those results show that the Ho,Eu:GdScO 3 crystal would be a potential laser material for ∼3 μm mid-infrared region. • Ho,Eu:GdScO 3 crystal was successfully grown. • The spectroscopic properties of the Ho,Eu:GdScO 3 crystal were analyzed. • J-O theory was applied to analyze fluorescence properties of the Ho,Eu:GdScO 3 crystal. • The energy transfer between Ho3+ and Eu3+ ions, spectroscopic characteristic of ∼3 μm emission were calculated and analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ho:Lu 2 O 3 crystal was successfully grown by TGT method. The spectroscopic properties of the crystal were analyzed. The absorption cross section of Ho:Lu 2 O 3 were 0.307 × 10−20 cm2 at 1147 nm and 1.076 × 10−20 cm2 at 1929 nm. J-O theory was applied to analyze fluorescence properties of the Ho:Lu 2 O 3 crystal. The intensity parameters Ω t (t = 2,4,6), radiative transition rates, branching ratios and radiative lifetime were calculated. The Ho:Lu 2 O 3 crystal had very strong emission at 2027 nm and 2849 nm and emission cross sections were calculated to be 3.271 × 10−21 cm2 and 8.852 × 10−21 cm2, respectively. The fluorescence lifetimes of the Ho3+5I 7 and 5I 6 levels were measured to be 12.400 ms and 0.622 ms. All those results show that the Ho: Lu 2 O 3 crystal would be a potential laser material for mid-infrared region. • Ho: Lu 2 O 3 crystal was successfully grown by TGT method. • The spectroscopic properties of the Ho: Lu 2 O 3 crystal were analyzed. • J-O theory was applied to analyze fluorescence properties of the Ho:Lu 2 O 3 crystal. • The gain cross-section of Ho:Lu 2 O 3 crystal for ∼2 μm region and ∼3 μm region were calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GdScO 3 single crystal codoped with Tm3+ and Tb3+ ions was successfully grown by the Edge-defined Film-fed Growth Method (EFG) for the first time. Absorption, fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence lifetimes of the grown crystal at room temperature were measured. The absorption cross-section at 789 nm was calculated to be 8.20 × 10−21 cm2. The emission cross-section was 1.35 × 10−21 cm2 at 1504 nm with the FWHM of 95.3 nm. The fluorescence lifetimes of the 3H 4 state and the 3F 4 state were fitted to be 253 μs and 1460 μs, respectively. Compared with Tm3+ single doped GdScO 3 crystal, the codoping of Tb3+ successfully depopulated the 3F 4 energy level and enhanced the emission at 1.5 μm region. It indicated that Tm,Tb:GdScO 3 could be favorable laser medium for 1.5 μm-laser operation. • Tm3+ and Tb3+ co-doped GdScO 3 crystal was successfully grown by the edge-defined film-fed method (EFG) for the first time. • Spectral parameters and Judd-Ofelt parameters of Tm,Tb:GdScO3 crystal were obtained and compared. • The fluorescence mechanism of Tm3+ and Tb3+ co-doped GdScO 3 crystal has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tm3+- doped GdScO 3 single crystal was successfully grown by the edge-defined film-fed method (EFG) for the first time. The spectroscopic properties of the crystal were investigated at room temperature. The absorption cross section of Tm:GdScO 3 at 795 nm is 1.58 × 10−20 cm2. By applying the Judd–Ofelt approach, the intensity parameters Ω 2,4,6 , radiative transition rates, branching ratios and radiative lifetime were calculated. Tm:GdScO 3 exhibits strong emission at 1460 nm and 2300 nm with stimulated emission cross section of 1.8 × 10−21 cm2 and 2.7 × 10−21 cm2, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the 3H 4 level was measured to be 265 μs. All the results indicated that the Tm:GdScO 3 crystal is a potential laser material. • Tm:GdScO 3 crystal was successfully grown by the edge-defined film-fed method (EFG) for the first time. • The structure parameters of Tm:GdScO 3 crystal were investigated by XRD. • Spectral parameters and Judd-Ofelt parameters of Tm:GdScO 3 crystal were obtained and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]