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Inspired by the fact that attribute-based encryption technology can effectively realize cloud data security sharing and access control, this paper proposed a block chain data sharing model based on attribute-based encryption to ensure the privacy protection and full security in the current block chain system. The model was based on the ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption ( CP-ABE) scheme proposed by Waters. First of all, in the secret key generation phase, the data user entrusted multiple nodes to jointly calculate and store part of the private key, while other data users were not allowed to obtain the complete key, thus improving the efficiency of private key generation. Secondly, in order to prevent the abuse of key and the management of parameters in the algorithm, this paper defined a key transfer transaction data structure, and realized the accountability of CP-ABE algorithm. Finally, by building a shared chain with the function of collaborative computing and storage on and off the chain, it realized the effective integration of attribute-based encryption and block chain system. Security analysis and experimental simulation results show that the proposed model has certain optimization in the computational efficiency of key generation and actual business scenarios to meet the needs of engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]