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The transition to a new reference period of 1991–2020 requires updating the estimates of agroclimatic resources in agricultural regions. The paper summarizes the results of the annual monitoring of agroclimatic conditions over 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 obtained by both the statistical analysis and the Climate–Soil–Yield simulation system and provides their comparative evaluation. It has been noted that along with growing aridity of the most fertile areas of the steppe and forest-steppe zones, there is an almost universal growth of spring precipitation, which compensates to some extent the negative impact of high summer temperatures on the yield. A significant decrease in the climate-driven productivity of spring wheat from the period of 1961–1990 to the new reference period of 1991–2020 has been revealed for the main grain-producing regions. Estimates of productivity trends for major grain crops, spring and winter wheat, are given in connection with climate change and the development of agricultural technologies. Estimates of changes in the wintering indices and sown areas for winter wheat are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today the strategic vector of agricultural development is connected with the introduction of digital technologies. Digitalization leads not only to transformation of production processes in the industry but as well has much wider environmental, social and institutional context. This paper is aimed at finding out what digital transformations have the most strategic significance for social and economic development of agro-industrial regions of the south of Russia, as well as at revealing the factors fostering or constraining these processes. Digital transformation in the south Russian regions has just affected the first level -- application of new information technologies for raising economic performance and simultaneous alleviating environmental problems. The perspectives of digitalization of the agriculture are connected with developing open collaborative systems with different types of business collaborations. The authors highlight the main problems of realizing digital transformations in the agriculture of the south regions solving of which can be provided by means of authorities' institutional decisions within regional strategies of digitalization. This research gives an idea of the potential of agricultural digitalization and its results can be used for forming theoretical and methodological grounds for strategic development of agriculture in agro-industrial regions in modern circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroconsulting plays an important role in helping farmers to sustainably develop and modernize agricultural production. Nevertheless, the classic set of services provided has become less and less satisfying the needs of consumers and almost everywhere falls below their expectations. At the same time, the development of digitalization processes in industries is uneven; differentiation in the use of innovative solutions in agricultural production among large, medium and small forms of business is increasing. The proposed hypothesis consists in that global digital trends require a significant expansion of the scientific and production infrastructure, transformation of the functions of the elements of the institutional system, leading to a change in their significance. To disclose this hypothesis, this paper examines the impact of digital trends on changing small farm advisory practices. The analysis of the current level of development of agricultural consulting in the Russian Federation; the structure of users and their requests is investigated; the data obtained are compared with the indicators of the use of digital technologies in agriculture. It is proposed to improve the efficiency of consulting services by including "digital" components in the classic set of functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable development of agriculture in the context of innovative transformation of productive forces and structural changes is recognized as one of the directions of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. Mechanisms for stimulating technological change and increasing efficiency should be aimed at achieving sustainable production criteria. The purpose of the study is to develop conceptual aspects of managing the sustainable development of agriculture using the example of livestock industries in conditions of structural transformation and technological changes. The article examines theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of problems of sustainable development of agriculture. An analysis was carried out and an assessment was made of the dynamics of crop yields and livestock production. Significant structural shifts and technological changes in the livestock subcomplex of Russia, caused by the processes of diffusion of innovations, have been identified. The authors have developed conceptual approaches to studying the problems of sustainable agricultural development in regional agricultural systems based on effective management. The main objectives of the proposed concepts are: expansion of production volumes of agricultural products, taking into account the needs of the region and export opportunities; technical and technological modernization of agricultural organizations and achieving an innovative balance of resources; compliance with the principles of rational environmental management and achieving environmental safety. The practical value of the results lies in the possibility of forming a strategy for the sustainable development of regional agricultural systems in the conditions of structural transformation and technological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the factors of neo-industrialization and their impact on the functioning of Russian agriculture. The purpose of the work is to identify the key factors of neo-industrialization and assess their impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. The scale of technological changes has been studied, and a comparative analysis of neo-industrial trends in various sectors of the agro-industrial complex has been carried out. The specifics of neo-industrial processes in livestock farming are characterized in detail. A mathematical model of threefactor linear regression has been developed, characterizing the influence of parameters of technological development of Russian agriculture on changes in gross value added. The results of the empirical analysis allow us to conclude that there is a direct relationship between capital-labor ratio and gross value added, as well as between the number of highly productive workers and gross value added. It has been calculated that the investment component has the greatest influence. Thus, the increase in the share of investments in reconstruction and modernization in fixed capital affects the increase in gross value added by 223.7 billion rubles. The practical value of the results lies in the development of mechanisms to stimulate and support the introduction of innovations in agricultural production in order to accelerate neo-industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the paper is to evaluate the impact of the Russian import ban on the development of agricultural exports from EU member states. The study is based on a time-series analysis of empirical statistical indicators. The analysed period is between 2009 and 2019. The source of data for individual analyses is UN Comtrade (2021). The valuation of export performance is extended by hierarchical cluster analysis. The study quantifies the effects of the import ban on the EU and individual member states through two scenarios. Scenario 1 is based on the cumulative loss of the value of exports. Scenario 2 assumes a continuous development of the value of agricultural exports. Based on the results, it is possible to confirm that the application of the Russian food import ban had a significant impact on EU countries. The impact of sanctions varies across EU countries. Four specific clusters could be identified in the period under investigation. In the period after the ban, the distribution of individual countries among individual clusters changed significantly. The applied ban could be understood not only as an attempt at counter-sanctions. Import restrictions also aim to reduce Russia's dependence on food imports and promote national food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural population decline has been observed in most developed and emerging economies but has been especially apparent in postsocialist countries. In this paper, we investigate the spatial patterns and the determinants of the rural population dynamics during the transition period from 1991 to 2010 in Tyumen Province, Russia, with the aim of better understanding the forces underlying depopulation. We use descriptive and exploratory statistical tools to analyze data from population censuses and district-level statistics of agriculture. Our results reveal distinct differences in the spatial clusters of the population increase and decline in the first and second decades of the post-Soviet era. We argue that these differences reflect the penetration of market relations into the countryside. The emergence of market forces initially advantaged the areas that were more suited to agriculture, which experienced population growth in the 1990s. Later, the drop in agricultural output, market-driven restructuring of farms, and introduction of labor-saving technologies reduced employment in agriculture. During the 2000s, labor opportunities in agriculture were no longer statistically related to rural population dynamics, while population dynamics in the villages have increasingly been determined by transport accessibility to larger markets, especially to the provincial capital. Governments need to be sensitive to these spatial and temporal population dynamics to foster opportunities in the countryside, avoid the negative side effects of depopulation on local economies and ensure the provision of social services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving a successful resolution to a nation's food problem is largely dependent on the development of cooperation. As an organizational-legal form of business in the agro-industrial complex, cooperation is represented by agricultural production cooperatives. Most of the world is currently dominated by consumer cooperatives, while Russia - by production ones. Over the last ten years, the number of production cooperatives in Russia has declined. The primary reason behind this is their low investment attractiveness. The paper examines the role of cooperation in driving sustainable development in rural areas, makes a case for the efficiency of production cooperatives as opposed to other forms of business, and reiterates the need for further development of cooperation in the country. A cooperative is not just a for-profit organization but a socio-labor form of business as well. The current level of profitability of agricultural production in cooperatives does not allow them to implement reproduction on an enlarged scale at this time. The authors explore a set of primary areas for the development of agricultural production cooperation in the country and examine a set of key measures of government support for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a retrospective of Teodor Shanin's work, mostly in the 1970s and 1980s, the principal period of his publications in English. It may also serve as a guide to tracing Shanin's main themes and issues, which included establishing a 'generic' peasant studies ('peasantology') and how he aimed to do so; his explorations of the development of capitalism and its impact on peasantries in Russia from the late 19th century to the contemporary Third World; similarly, his ideas of the promotion of 'modernization' of peasant agriculture by states; his relationship to Marxism in the historic Russian context and beyond; his views of peasant 'classness' and politics; and his vision of an alternative path of agricultural development based in peasant farming, which he drew largely from Chayanov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development of the production potential of the agro-food complex is inextricably linked with the introduction of innovative methods and approaches to production. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of sectoral features of the innovative development of production potential. The analysis carried out revealed significant differences in the level of innovative development of agricultural sectors. The study applied the method of normalizing resource intensity indicators in relation to threshold values, which made it possible to determine the degree of innovativeness of the components of the resource potential. The efficiency of costs for innovation activity is calculated, it is revealed that the lowest cost efficiency is typical for dairy cattle breeding and grain production. To identify trends in intersectoral innovative development, the article uses SWOT analysis tools. A matrix of innovative development of Russian regions has been developed on the example of the dairy cattle breeding industry, which reflects the degree of contribution of resources to the dynamics of the production of innovative products. This approach is aimed at determining the optimal values of resources to achieve sustainable innovative development of the sectors of the agro-food complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of ensuring food security and independence of the country in the current geopolitical situation and sanctions policy are of particular relevance. The purpose of this study is to develop conceptual aspects of the growth of production in the agro-industrial complex based on the improvement of scientific support. Theoretical and methodological approaches to improving the efficiency of institutional interaction between science, government, and business in the agro-industrial complex have been studied. An analysis was made of the share of domestic expenditures on research and development in the field of agricultural sciences in various countries. The main factors hindering innovation activity are systematized. An assessment of the volume and structure of financing of research work in the agro-industrial complex of Russia is given. The main directions of the concept of innovative development of agricultural products are formulated. The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of conceptual provisions for stimulating innovative production for the formation of an ecosystem of scientific support and commercialization of innovations in the agro-industrial complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of changes in the gross harvest of crops from 2008 to 2017. Nutrient removal volumes according to their types with the yield of main commercial crops, including 1 hectare of each crop area are calculated. Volumes of removal by type of nutrients are established. The removal of nutrients with the yield and the application of mineral and organic fertilizers when growing major crops are compared. The size of the nutrient removal over their application in general, including the main crops and types of nutrients is estimated. Proposals to improve the effective soil fertility by increasing the use of fertilizers are formulated. The authors consider ways of these proposals implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an analysis of the last two decades Russian agricultural sector development. The main objective of the paper is to highlight the main changes which occurred. The paper is also identifying the role of agriculture in the Russian economy and society development. On the basis of the results coming from the paper, it is possible to characterize the Russian agriculture as follows. After a significant decline in the early 90s and the long process of transformation, the Russian economy including agricultural sector is starting to recover and it is stabilizing. The slowdown of the Russian agricultural performance was stopped (the millstone is the year 2000). At present, the Russian agrarian sector is under the process of recovery especially because of the massive state support (market protection and subsidies coming into agriculture). Agriculture is an important part of the Russian economy. Russia is characterized by large areas of agricultural land, one third of its population lives in the rural areas. The Russian Federation produces many of agricultural products and foodstuffs. However, the country is not self-sufficient in many products. The highest level of the import dependence is observed for meat, vegetables and fruits. Primary products dominate in the structure of Russian exports. Food and agricultural products amount for about only 2% of the Russian total export. The share of agricultural products in the Russian import is more significant and it amounts to 14%. However, in 2000s, there is a significant growth of the foreign trade turnover due to the expansion of both imports and exports. Currently, Russia is seeking not only to achieve a high level of self-sufficiency in basic agricultural products, but also it is trying to be a significant driver in the area of the international trade in agricultural products and foodstuffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overcoming the shortage of investment resources for the development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia makes it necessary to mobilize both internal and external sources of investment. Attracting foreign direct investment in the agro-industrial complex, creating favorable conditions is one of the most difficult tasks. The purpose of the study is to assess the available mechanisms to stimulate the attraction of foreign investment and determine their contribution to the innovative development of the agricultural sector and increasing the possibilities of food exports; identification of the relationship between the scale of foreign direct investment and the investment attractiveness of Russian regions. Studied foreign and domestic theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the conditions, opportunities and limitations of foreign direct investment, macroeconomic and globalization effects from their use. The necessity of increasing the inflow of foreign investment in agriculture in order to activate the process of innovative structural transformation of the Russian economy has been substantiated. Investigated the provision of foreign investments in agriculture. An empirical assessment of the scale of foreign investment in agriculture has been carried out, measures are proposed to stimulate the attraction of foreign investment in agriculture. The practical significance of the results of this study lies in the development of measures to improve investment policy in relation to foreign direct investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the transition to a new technological structure and the formation of an export-oriented economy, the achievement of sustainable agricultural development is inextricably linked with the search for new forms, methods, and mechanisms to stimulate the development of the investment potential of agricultural production. The study aims to assess the contribution of investment potential to improving the efficiency of agricultural production and to develop innovative policy measures to stimulate its development. The theoretical aspects of the development of investment potential have been developed. The role of foreign investment in agriculture in increasing the productivity of the industry and meeting the needs of the industry for various resources has been substantiated. The specificity of the provision of investment resources in agriculture has been studied. An empirical assessment of the multiplier effect of investments was carried out using a pool of indicators. Based on the proposed private indicators, an integral indicator for assessing the effectiveness of the investment potential of agricultural production was calculated. A typology of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has been carried out on the contribution of investment potential to innovative development and growth of export potential; groups with a low, medium and high level of development are identified. The article proposes measures to stimulate innovative development based on expanding the forms of interaction and methods of investment policy, science, and agribusiness in the context of framework conditions, project, and institutional measures. The practical significance of the results of the study is to improve the methodology for assessing the level of development of investment potential and increase the efficiency of agricultural production based on improving government support measures at all stages of the innovation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the problems of the development and improvement of the activity of entities of agricultural consulting in Russia in the period of the large-scale modernization of the agroindustrial complex. Special attention is paid to the problem of participation of the educational institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Agriculture in the consulting activity and to promoting the innovative activity of the participants in the innovative process. The current state of the institute of agricultural consulting, the main results of the activity in 2017 and the proposals for its development for the mid-term perspective are described. The priority directions and the strategy for the development of agricultural consulting are formulated in regard to the modernization of agricultural production, structural changes in its organization and the development of the system of agricultural consulting. The main directions of development of the institute of agricultural consulting, the main performed functions and the expected results are represented, as well as their impact on improving the quality of the informational and consulting support of agricultural production. The necessity of corrections of the conceptual essentials of the complex development of the institute of agricultural consulting is grounded including the ones organized with participation of educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]