16 results
Search Results
2. Free Papers Compiled.
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DISEASE relapse , *ALCOHOLISM , *TERTIARY care , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *RISK assessment - Published
- 2022
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3. Brief interventions for alcohol use disorders in low- and middle-income countries: barriers and potential solutions.
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Nadkarni, Abhijit, Bhatia, Urvita, Bedendo, Andre, de Paula, Tassiane Cristine Santos, de Andrade Tostes, Joanna Gonçalves, Segura-Garcia, Lidia, Tiburcio, Marcela, and Andréasson, Sven
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ALCOHOLISM , *MIDDLE-income countries , *PSYCHOTHERAPY , *ALCOHOL drinking , *MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
Global alcohol consumption and harmful use of alcohol is projected to increase in the coming decades, and most of the increase will occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); which calls for cost-effective measures to reduce alcohol exposure in these countries. One such evidence based measure is screening and brief intervention (BI) for alcohol problems. Some of the characteristics of BI make them a particularly appealing choice of interventions in low-resource settings. However, despite evidence of effectiveness, implementation of BI in LMICs is rare. In this paper we discuss barriers to implementation of BI in LMICs, with examples from Latin America and India. Key barriers to implementation of BI in LMICs are the lack of financial and structural resources. Specialized services for alcohol use disorders are limited or non-existent. Hence primary care is often the only possible alternative to implement BI. However, health professionals in such settings generally lack training to deal with these disorders. In our review of BI research in these countries, we find some promising results, primarily in countries from Latin America, but so far there is limited research on effectiveness. Appropriate evaluation of efficacy and effectiveness of BI is undermined by lack of generalisability and methodological limitations. No systematic and scientific efforts to explore the implementation and evaluation of BI in primary and community platforms of care have been published in India. Innovative strategies need to be deployed to overcome supply side barriers related to specialist manpower shortages in LMICs. There is a growing evidence on the effectiveness of non-specialist health workers, including lay counsellors, in delivering frontline psychological interventions for a range of disorders including alcohol use disorders in LMICs. This paper is intended to stimulate discussion among researchers, practitioners and policy-makers in LMICs because increasing access to evidence based care for alcohol use disorders in LMICs would need a concerted effort from all these stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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4. Participatory action research on alcoholism and bonded labour in times of prohibition in India.
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Oosterhoff, Pauline and Nanda, Rituu B
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COMMUNITY-based participatory research , *PEONAGE , *ALCOHOLISM , *SOCIAL marginality , *SLAVERY - Abstract
This paper analyses our experiences of conducting participatory action research into alcohol abuse in communities living with bonded labour in Tamil Nadu and in Bihar. The action research on alcoholism in these communities is part of a large-scale mixed-methods qualitative and quantitative participatory research programme which was designed to encourage community-based solutions to bonded labour in India. The research was conducted in two 'slavery hotspots', both with a high prevalence (over 50%) of households with people in bonded labour, as part of a multi-million dollar programme of interventions funded by a foundation specialising in modern-slavery eradication. The programme focuses on workers in brick kilns and stone quarries and, to some extent, on sex workers in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and on cotton-mill workers in Tamil Nadu. The participatory research runs in parallel to programme interventions by local NGO's. This paper examines whether participatory action research methods can transform violent, stigmatising approaches to alcohol consumption in marginalised communities into community-owned, evidence-informed, non-violent harm reduction approaches. In both locations alcohol consumption is a highly stigmatised public secret. Bihar has banned alcohol production and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. Free Papers Compiled.
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COMPETENCY assessment (Law) , *ALCOHOLISM , *HOSPITAL medical staff , *COVID-19 , *JOB stress , *TERTIARY care , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *COVID-19 pandemic - Published
- 2022
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6. Free Papers Compiled.
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ALCOHOLISM , *SCHIZOPHRENIA , *COGNITION , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *COMORBIDITY - Published
- 2022
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7. Free Papers Compiled.
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ALCOHOLISM , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *DESIRE , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *TRANSCRANIAL direct current stimulation - Published
- 2022
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8. Free Papers Compiled.
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COMPULSIVE behavior , *CELL phones , *ALCOHOLISM , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *PARENT-child relationships , *PARENTS , *DISEASE complications , *CHILDREN ,RISK factors - Published
- 2022
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9. Alcohol use among adolescents in India: a systematic review.
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Nadkarni, Abhijit, Tu, Allison, Garg, Ankur, Gupta, Devika, Gupta, Sonal, Bhatia, Urvita, Tiwari, Niharika, Heath, Anna, Wen, Karen, Fernandes, Godwin, and Velleman, Richard
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ALCOHOL drinking , *ALCOHOLISM , *TEENAGERS , *DRINKING age , *ONLINE databases - Abstract
Background: Alcohol use is typically established during adolescence and initiation of use at a young age poses risks for short- and long-term health and social outcomes. However, there is limited understanding of the onset, progression and impact of alcohol use among adolescents in India. The aim of this review is to synthesise the evidence about prevalence, patterns and correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in adolescents from India. Methods: Systematic review was conducted using relevant online databases, grey literature and unpublished data/outcomes from subject experts. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed and applied to screening rounds. Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers for eligibility, and then full texts were assessed for inclusion. Narrative synthesis of the eligible studies was conducted. Results: Fifty-five peer-reviewed papers and one report were eligible for inclusion in this review. Prevalence of ever or lifetime alcohol consumption ranged from 3.9% to 69.8%; and prevalence of alcohol consumption at least once in the past year ranged from 10.6% to 32.9%. The mean age for initiation of drinking ranged from 14.4 to 18.3 years. Some correlates associated with alcohol consumption included being male, older age, academic difficulties, parental use of alcohol or tobacco, non-contact sexual abuse and perpetuation of violence. Conclusion: The evidence base for alcohol use among adolescents in India needs a deeper exploration. Despite gaps in the evidence base, this synthesis provides a reasonable understanding of alcohol use among adolescents in India and can provide direction to policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Statistical consistency of substance-abuse prevalence assessments in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh.
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Gutjahr, Georg, Renji B., Menon, Radhika, Nedungadi, Prema, Awasthi, Ashish, John, Sunil Jacob, and Panda, Satyananda
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RURAL youth , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *ALCOHOLISM , *INFORMATION resources , *AMBASSADORS , *RURAL housing - Abstract
Amrita Awareness Ambassador Program is a substance-abuse prevention program that aims to empower local youth in rural India. The program empowers and promotes peer mentors from local schools to act as awareness ambassadors. The program is already active in 13 states. To adapt the program to new villages, substance abuse prevalence in the considered region has to be assessed first. One difficulty of such an initial assessment, especially in tribal areas, is that villagers often answer questions about substance abuse in an inconsistent and unreliable way when talking to outsiders. This paper reports on findings from a remote, tribal area in Chhattisgarh, where 132 adolescents and 11 awareness ambassadors were asked about the prevalence of abuse of alcohol and other substances. Four types of statistical consistency are considered in the analysis: internal, external, individual, and dimensionality consistency. Statements from the awareness ambassadors are found to be significantly more internally and externally consistent and reliable than statements from the village adolescents. In addition, statements from the awareness ambassadors also show high inter-rater and dimensionality consistency. As an implication of these findings, we conclude that while planning a substance abuse program, reliability of the information sources needs to be taken into explicit consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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11. Tackling alcoholism and domestic violence in fisheries—A new opportunity to improve well‐being for the most vulnerable people in global fisheries.
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Coulthard, Sarah, White, Carole, Paranamana, Nasheera, Sandaruwan, K. P. G. L., Manimohan, R., and Maya, R.
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DOMESTIC violence , *FISHERIES , *MARINE resources , *ALCOHOLISM , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation - Abstract
The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) principle of "leaving no one behind" focuses global attention on the poorest and most vulnerable people. As different sectors grapple to engage meaningfully with this principle, we posit that greater consideration of social problems in fishing‐dependent communities, such as alcoholism and domestic violence, presents an opportunity for fishery governors to contribute to the SDGs mandate. We further argue that governing marine resources in ignorance of these problems can risk harming some of the most vulnerable people in fisheries. Using subjective well‐being data from women living in two small‐scale fishing communities in India and Sri Lanka, we demonstrate the prevalence and impact of alcoholism and domestic violence in fishing households. We further highlight how policies which restrict access to marine resources can undermine important coping strategies, in particular, the ability of women to act as independent income earners, exacerbating harm to already vulnerable women. A scoping review of the literature reveals that alcoholism and domestic violence are reported in certain fisheries around the world, and we theorize how this may relate to the nature of fishing life and growing stresses regarding the future of fishing. Tackling the burdens of alcoholism and domestic violence in fisheries, where it is an issue, is an opportunity to improve well‐being for men, women and their families. The paper concludes with tangible actions which marine resource governors could adopt to contribute to the "leave no one behind" ethos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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12. Predictors of Inconsistent Condom Use among Female Sex Workers: A Community-Based Study in a Red-Light Area of Kolkata, India.
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Bandyopadhyay, Kajari, Banerjee, Sitikantha, Goswami, Dipendra Narayan, Dasgupta, Aparajita, and Jana, Smarajit
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SEX work , *ALCOHOLISM , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *FEMALE condoms , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *SEX crimes , *SEXUAL intercourse , *TRUST , *UNSAFE sex , *CROSS-sectional method , *SEXUAL partners , *ODDS ratio , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Condom is an integral part of all interventions for female sex workers (FSWs). However, certain situations hinder them from practicing consistent condom use. This paper aims at identifying the situations that predict inconsistent condom use by FSWs of Sonagachi red-light area, Kolkata. Subjects and Methods: The cross-sectional community-based observational study was conducted among 296 brothel-based FSWs of Sonagachi. Outcome variable, that is, inconsistent condom use was said to be present if any sex act with any type of partner was not protected by condom. Association with sociodemographic, occupational, and behavioral characteristics of FSWs was examined. Results: Inconsistent condom use was present among 37.5% of the study participants, and this was predicted by the presence of a nonpaying partner (NPP) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 15.04 [7.52-30.08]), violence (AOR [95% CI]: 2.08 [1.07-4.03]) and sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol (AOR [95% CI]: 1.86 [1.02-3.39]). The major cause behind nonuse of condom as reported by the participants was trust on partner. Conclusion: NPPs need to be given emphasis in program strategies for FSWs. The FSWs should constantly be motivated for safe sex emphasizing the fact that trust on partner may be detrimental for their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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13. The impact of price policy on demand for alcohol in rural India.
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Subramanian, Arjunan and Kumar, Parmod
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PREVENTION of alcoholism , *ALCOHOLIC beverages , *ALCOHOLISM , *BUDGET , *DRINKING behavior , *ALCOHOL drinking , *FAMILIES , *INCOME , *HEALTH policy , *RURAL conditions , *GOVERNMENT policy , *ALCOHOLIC intoxication , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Whether raising the price of addictive goods can reduce its burden is widely debated in many countries, largely due to lack of appropriate data and robust methods. Three key concerns frequently raised in the literature are: unobserved heterogeneity; omitted variables; identification problem. Addressing these concerns, using robust instrument and employing unique individual-level panel data from Indian Punjab, this paper investigates two related propositions (i) will increase in alcohol price reduce its burden (ii) since greater incomes raise the costs of inebriation, will higher incomes affect consumption of alcohol negatively. Distinct from previous studies, the key variable of interest is the budget share of alcohol that allows studying the burden of alcohol consumption on drinker's and also on other family members. Results presented show that an increase in alcohol price is likely to be regressive, especially on the bottom quartile, with a rise in the budget share of alcohol given budget constraint. This outcome is robust to different econometric specifications. Preliminary explorations suggest that higher per capita income increases the odds of quitting drinking. Results reported have wider implications for the effective design of addiction related health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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14. The Systematic Development and Pilot Randomized Evaluation of Counselling for Alcohol Problems, a Lay Counselor-Delivered Psychological Treatment for Harmful Drinking in Primary Care in India: The PREMIUM Study.
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Nadkarni, Abhijit, Velleman, Richard, Dabholkar, Hamid, Shinde, Sachin, Bhat, Bhargav, McCambridge, Jim, Murthy, Pratima, Wilson, Terry, Weobong, Benedict, and Patel, Vikram
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ALCOHOLISM treatment , *ALCOHOL-induced disorders , *ALCOHOLISM , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *COUNSELING , *FOCUS groups , *INTERVIEWING , *MEDICAL care , *PRIMARY health care , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *PILOT projects , *JUDGMENT sampling , *FAMILY roles , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *MOTIVATIONAL interviewing , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background Despite harmful drinking causing a significant burden on global health, there is a large treatment gap, especially in low- and middle-income countries. A major barrier to care is the lack of adequately skilled human resources to deliver contextually appropriate treatments. This paper describes the systematic process used to develop Counselling for Alcohol Problems ( CAP), a brief psychological treatment (PT) for delivery by lay counselors in routine primary care settings to men with harmful drinking in India. Methods CAP was developed using a methodology involving 3 sequential steps: (i) identifying potential treatment strategies; (ii) developing a theoretical framework for the treatment; and (iii) evaluating the acceptability and feasibility of the treatment. Results CAP is a 3-phase treatment delivered over 1 to 4 sessions based on a motivational interviewing ( MI) stance and involves the following strategies: assessment and personalized feedback, family engagement, drink refusal skills, skills to address drinking urges, problem-solving skills and handling difficult emotions, and relapse prevention and management. Data from a case series were used to inform several adaptations to enhance the acceptability of CAP to the recipients and feasibility of delivery by lay counselors of the treatment, for example expansion of the target group to include alcohol-dependent patients and the extension of the delivery settings to include home-based delivery. There was preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of CAP. Conclusions CAP is an acceptable brief PT for harmful drinking delivered by lay counselors in primary care whose effectiveness is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial based in primary care in Goa, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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15. The systematic development of a mobile phone-delivered brief intervention for hazardous drinking in India.
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Nadkarni, Abhijit, Costa, Sheina, Gupta, Devika, Fernandes, Danielle, Catalano, Alexander, Velleman, Richard, Sambari, Seema, Pednekar, Subhash, Hussain, Farah, D'Souza, Ethel, Houde, Amruta, Chaudhuri, Neal, and Heath, Anna
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ALCOHOLISM , *HIGH-income countries , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
Background: The treatment gap for alcohol use disorders (AUD) in India is the highest among all mental health and substance use disorders. Despite evidence of the cost effectiveness of brief interventions (BIs) for hazardous drinking, implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is rare due to several human resource-related barriers. This paper describes the processes and outputs of a study aimed at systematically developing a mobile phone-delivered BI to overcome such barriers.Methods: This is a mixed methods study with four steps: (1) Review of existing relevant evidence base by extracting data from studies cited in two recent, relevant and high-quality systematic reviews; (2) In-depth interviews (IDIs) with 11 national experts in addictions research and practice, and 22 hazardous drinkers; (3) Delphi survey (2 rounds) to identify components for the intervention package through consensus building; and (4) Content and intervention development workshops with a range of stakeholders to develop the intervention package.Results: The research team sourced 72 journal articles from two selected systematic reviews. Key content areas extracted from the studies included facts and statistics about health related to drinking behavior, self-reflection, goal-setting messages, motivational messages, and skills to manage risky situations. The IDIs with experts and hazardous drinkers endorsed most of these content areas as well. The Delphi survey achieved consensus on 19 content areas, which included targeted recommendations, personalized feedback and information, goal management, and coping skills. The content and intervention development workshops resulted in an intervention package delivered over 8 weeks, with the following seven themes guiding the content of the weekly messages: safe drinking/health education, alcohol reduction, drinking and risk management, drinking alternatives, situational content, urge management, and maintenance and relapse prevention.Conclusion: The research team designed this study to consider contextual factors while developing the intervention, which is important to ensure acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Interestingly, the contextually informed intervention components had several commonalities with BIs developed and tested in high-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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16. Comment on R.R. Cherian's 'Emergence of a Day Centre for Alcoholics in India'
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Hunt, Linda
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ALCOHOLISM , *ALCOHOL drinking - Abstract
Comments on R.R. Cherian's paper, titled 'Emergence of a Day Centre for Alcoholism in India,' published in the 'British Journal of Addiction'. Lack of services in India for people with alcohol-related problems; Myth on alcoholism in India; Impact of excessive and inappropriate drinking.
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- 1987
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