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Due to lack of a central bureaucrat in mobile ad hoc networks, the security of the network becomes serious issue. During malicious attacks, according to the motivation of intruder the severity of the threat varies. It may lead to loss of data, energy or throughput. This paper proposes a lightweight Intruder Node Detection and Isolation Action mechanism (INDIA) using feature extraction, feature optimization and classification techniques. The indirect and direct trust features are extracted from each node and the total trust feature is computed by combining them. The trust features are extracted from each node of MANET and these features are optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm as feature optimization technique. These optimized feature sets are then classified using Neural Networks (NN) classifier which identifies the intruder node. The performance of the proposed methodology is studied in terms of various parameters such as success rate in packet delivery, delay in communication and the amount of energy consumption for identifying and isolating the intruder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse about the nature of privacy and its role in ubiquitous environments and provide insights for future research. Design/methodology/approach - The paper analyses the privacy implications of particular characteristics of ubiquitous applications and discusses the fundamental principles and information practices used in digital environments for protecting individuals' private data. Findings - A significant trend towards shifting privacy protection responsibility from government to the individuals is identified. Also, specific directions for future research are provided with a focus on interdisciplinary research. Research limitations/implications - This paper identifies key research issues and provides directions for future research. Originality/value - This study contributes by identifying major challenges that should be addressed, so that a set of "fair information principles" can be applied in the context of ubiquitous environments. It also discusses the limitations of these principles and provides recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]