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Information about the topics discussed at the annual conference of Catholic Theological Association (CTA) of Great Britain in September 2007 is presented. The conference talked about the association between Christianity and the other two major monotheistic religions. It also traced back the history of Christianity. Bible passages were also examined by attendees of the conference.

Compares three ecumenical dialogues on the role of the Virgin Mary in Christian faith. Comparison between the stance of the American Lutheran and Catholic Church on the devotion to Mary as a saint; Details on the dialogue of the British Roman Catholic-Methodist Committee in their report `Mary, Sign of Grace, Faith and Holiness'; Challenges set by the Groupe des Dombes dialogue on the conversion of the attitude of Catholics and Protestants toward Marian devotion and doctrine.

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health organisations in England. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative mixed-methods approach was applied, including a review of the academic literature, a review of the non-academic literature and a brief semi-structured survey. Respondents of the semi-structured survey included seven healthcare leaders from four different NHS Mental Health Trusts in England. This review applied thematic analysis to the data findings. Findings: Mental health organisations in England have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the identified resources found four overarching areas for learning: organisational structures, approaches to practice (working and delivering care), leadership and staff support. Organisational structures refer to structural, systemic and procedural changes that have taken place. Approaches to practice relate to shifts in organisational work and delivery of care. Leadership identifies styles used to manage change and disruption. Staff support refers to measures and interventions applied to meet changing staff needs and well-being. Practical implications: Mental health organisations can reduce the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through continuous improvements in future crisis planning, innovations in clinical practice and a sustained focus on staff well-being. Originality/value: A multi-dimensional exploration into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health organisations was conducted. The review also provides insights into the experience of healthcare leadership in managing change during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution and role of psychologists, psychiatrists or mental health practitioners in working alongside forced migrants may take many forms. The guidance on which this paper is based, came about when several members of the British Psychological Society (including those with lived experience and insight and those who had set up services); became aware of the need for good practice guidance for clinicians working with refugees, asylum seekers including forced migrants across Britain. These guidelines cover a range of areas where clinicians work with individuals in clinical contexts, schools, nurseries, colleges and within community organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic Homicide Reviews (DHRs) are a statutory requirement in England and Wales, conducted when somebody aged 16 and over dies from violence, abuse or neglect by a relative, intimate partner or member of the same household. While key aims of DHRs are to identify recommendations and lessons learned to eventually prevent further domestic homicides, there is limited evidence globally regarding the extent to which these are followed up or make a difference. This paper explores the barriers and facilitators to the conduct and impact of DHRs to enhance their learning potential. It is based on nineteen qualitative interviews with professionals involved in the DHR process across five Safeguarding Boards in Wales and fourteen Community Safety Partnerships in the North‐West of England, UK. Findings are presented thematically under four section headings: upskilling and democratising the review process; family and friends' involvement; negotiating organisational blame to foster learning; and actioning and auditing recommendations. It is suggested that organisational learning cannot be achieved without accepting organisational responsibility, which could be interpreted as blame. The role and skills of the Chair are perceived as key to ensure a safe, evidence‐based, transparent and learning‐focused DHR process. Developing and actioning recommendations may challenge longstanding prejudices. Promoting the role of families/survivor networks and professionals on an equal footing would support a more democratic process. Learning could be enhanced by thematising recommendations and proactively using lessons from one area to inform another. Participants called for appropriate central regulation and accountability to support the action of recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the failure of a green paper on social care from the British government to mention people with learning disabilities. It highlights the criticism received by the paper from the Learning Disability Coalition for overlooking the needs of learning disabled and their families. It stresses the need for funds to relieve poverty and improve the living standards of disabled people.

Cites the response of the Young Generation Network to the British Department of Trade and Industry's publication of the Energy White Paper, a definitive document on energy policy. Reduction of green house gases; Compensation for the decline of Great Britain's indigenous energy supplies; Energy infrastractures in Great Britain.

Focuses on the funding of the National Health Service in Great Britain. Response of the government to the problem of NHS crisis in 1987 to 1988 period; Proposals for efficient NHS; Significance of white paper on the performance of medical professionals; Need of measures of patient satisfaction to medical services.

Photon08 was the fifth in a biennial series of events that began in 2000 and has grown to become the largest optics research meeting in the UK. Two of the co-located constituent conferences of Photon08 were generated by the Institute of Physics. These were the Optics and Photonics Division conference plus QEP-18 organised by the Quantum Electronics and Photonics Group. In addition, Photon08 contained a major exhibition and an Industry Technology Programme. Photon08 was organised by the UK Consortium for Photonics and Optics (UKCPO), whose members comprise all organisations that represent the UK optics community, whether learned societies, professional institutions, trade associations, or regional special interest groups. In hosting the Photon series, it is the objective of the UKCPO to provide a single forum for UK optics. Photon08 was held at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 26-29 August 2008, and was attended by around 500 people. The international representation was very impressive and the range of topics was mapped onto a wide audience, which embraced every aspect of photonics from quantum information processing to biomedical imaging and technology transfer into the commercial domain. The purpose of this special issue is to present a characteristic selection of the research reported at Photon08. On behalf of the conference, we are very grateful to the editors of Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics for the opportunity to provide this archival record. The majority of the papers in this special issue follow the theme of measurement and instrumentation. This reflects one of the traditional strengths of the UK community that spans the interests of the Optical Group, the Optics and Photonics Division and the Instrument Science and Technology Group of the Institute of Physics, and the Fringe Analysis Special Interest Group. The other papers illustrate other UK strengths in quantum processing and nonlinear optics. There can be few areas of physics so diverse in application, and of such immediate value in the wider world, as photonics and this is evident from the content of this issue. It is a fascinating example of what Photon08 had to offer. As well as its intrinsic interest, we hope that it will inspire readers to attend Photon10, which will be held in Southampton at the end of August 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in the cessation of elective surgery. The continued provision of complex head and neck cancer surgery was extremely variable, with some UK centres not performing any cancer surgery. During the pandemic, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust received high numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 admissions. This paper presents our experience of elective complex major head and neck cancer surgery throughout the pandemic. Methods: A head and neck cancer surgery hub was set up that provided a co-ordinated managed care pathway for cancer patients during the pandemic; the Guy's Cancer Centre provided a separate, self-enclosed coronavirus-free environment within the hospital campus. Results: Sixty-nine head and neck cancer patients were operated on in two months, and 13 patients had a microvascular free tissue transfer. Nosocomial infection with coronavirus disease 2019 was detected in two cases (3 per cent), neither required critical care unit admission. Both patients made a complete recovery and were discharged home. There were no deaths. Conclusion: Performing major head and neck surgery, including free flap surgery, is possible during the pandemic; however, significant changes to conventional practice are required to achieve desirable patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A variety of hip protectors are available, but it is not clear which is the most effective and there is no standard test to evaluate their performance. This is the first study that uses a standard mechanical test on hip protectors. Some protectors perform well but others are almost ineffective, providing little to no protection to the wearer during a fall. Introduction: Each year, over 70,000 patients are admitted to hospital in the UK with hip fractures. There are a variety of commercial hip protectors currently available. However, it is not explicitly clear which is the most effective with regard to maximum force attenuation, whilst still being both comfortable for the user and providing reasonable force reduction if misplaced from the intended position. The numerous test methods reported in the literature have given conflicting results, making objective comparison difficult for users, researchers, and manufacturers alike. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) has therefore published an express document (EXP-08-17) with a draft standard test method. This paper presents initial results for a range of hip protectors. Methods: Eighteen commercially available hip protectors were tested according to EXP-08-17. Each hip protector was impacted five times in correct anatomical alignment over the greater trochanter and once at 50 mm displacements in the anterior, posterior, and lateral directions. Results: Considerable differences were identified between individual hip protectors in their ability to reduce impact forces on the femur (between 3% and 36% reduction in peak force). The performance was reduced when misplaced in many cases (maximum reduction only 20%). Conclusions: This is the first study that uses a standard mechanical test on hip protectors. Previous studies have used a variety of methods, making it difficult to interpret results. We hope that these results using a standard test method will facilitate the effective comparison of results, as well as providing useful data for clinicians, users, and purchasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on the Editorial Advisory Group for the British Psychological Society (BPS) journals has delighted to present this special issue of landmark papers. Topics include the many different spheres of influence of psychological knowledge, the opportunity to delve outside of your immediate area of interest and read the whole spectrum of papers, and the emphasis on theoretical enhancement and of presenting theoretical interpretations of empirical findings.

This paper interrogates the relationship between working-class participation in higher education ( HE) in England and social and cultural mobility. It argues that embarking on a university education for working-class people has been construed in governmental discourses as an instrumental means of achieving upward mobility, or of aspiring to 'become middle class'. Education in this sense is thus not only understood as having the potential to confer value on individuals, as they pursue different 'forms of capital', or symbolic 'mastery' ( Bourdieu, 1986), but as incurring a form of debt to society. In this sense, the university can be understood as a type of 'creditor' to whom the working-class participants are symbolically indebted, while the middle classes pass through unencumbered. Through the analysis of empirical research conducted with staff from working-class backgrounds employed on a university Widening Participation project in England, the article examines resistance to dominant educational discourses, which understand working-class culture as 'deficient' and working-class participation in HE as an instrumental means of securing upward mobility. Challenging the problematic notion of 'escape' implicit in mobility discourses, this paper concludes by positing the alternative concept of 'fugitivity', to contest the accepted relationship in HE between creditor and debtor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I correct previous misconceptions about the London-based Imago Group (1954–71). In doing so I provide the first ever detailed history of the group, and of the role of the composer, Robert Still, in founding it in 1953 as an analysand society geared to its members using their experience of having been psychoanalysed in seeking to understand social issues and improve society. Examples are given of papers presented in this vein during the group's history of monthly meetings beginning in February 1954. Reasons for the group's demise following its meeting in July 1971 are also indicated as are examples of its inspiring similar groups in Canada and in Britain, including the Oxford-based New Imago Forum concerned with psychoanalysing social issues today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The management of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps ( LNPCPs) is complex, with widespread variation in management and outcome, even amongst experienced clinicians. Variations in the assessment and decision-making processes are likely to be a major factor in this variability. The creation of a standardized minimum dataset to aid decision-making may therefore result in improved clinical management. Method An official working group of 13 multidisciplinary specialists was appointed by the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland ( ACPGBI) and the British Society of Gastroenterology ( BSG) to develop a minimum dataset on LNPCPs. The literature review used to structure the ACPGBI/ BSG guidelines for the management of LNPCPs was used by a steering subcommittee to identify various parameters pertaining to the decision-making processes in the assessment and management of LNPCPs. A modified Delphi consensus process was then used for voting on proposed parameters over multiple voting rounds with at least 80% agreement defined as consensus. The minimum dataset was used in a pilot process to ensure rigidity and usability. Results A 23-parameter minimum dataset with parameters relating to patient and lesion factors, including six parameters relating to image retrieval, was formulated over four rounds of voting with two pilot processes to test rigidity and usability. Conclusion This paper describes the development of the first reported evidence-based and expert consensus minimum dataset for the management of LNPCPs. It is anticipated that this dataset will allow comprehensive and standardized lesion assessment to improve decision-making in the assessment and management of LNPCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the central place of the list and the associated concept of an identifier within the scaffolding of contemporary institutional order. These terms are deliberately chosen to make strange and help unpack the constitutive capacity of information systems and information technology within and between contemporary organizations. We draw upon the substantial body of work by John Searle to help understand the place of lists and identifiers in the constitution of institutional order. To enable us to ground our discussion of the potentiality and problematic associated with lists we describe a number of significant instances of list-making, situated particularly around the use of identifiers to refer to people, places, and products. The theorization developed allows us to better explain not only the significance imbued within lists and identifiers but the key part they play in form-ing the institutional order. We also hint at the role such symbolic artifacts play within breakdowns in institutional order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As assessment is known to drive learning, this paper looks at the relationship between assessment practice across UK medical schools and graduates preparedness for practice. Materials and methods: It uses data on written and practical assessment at each medical school and the association with students' self-reported preparedness for working as a foundation doctor on graduation, and in particular the preparation related to clinical skills. Results and conclusions: A negative correlation (β= −0.003, p < 0.001) was observed between total duration of written assessment and preparedness, while a positive relationship (β = 0.461, p < 0.001) was seen between "adequately prepared" and the proportion of all assessment time focusing on practical skills. This suggests that graduates from medical schools with a greater emphasis on practical skills in their assessment plan are better prepared to practice as a junior doctor on gradation; something that may be of relevance when designing a national licensing examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- This paper aims to offer a critical analysis of the potentially traumatising nature of working with (dis)stressed and traumatised people with complex needs who are homeless. It also seeks to provide a commentary on the contribution of Psychologically Informed Services: A Good Practice Guide in addressing the impact of these difficult dynamics upon workers, teams and organisations. Design/methodology/approach -- The paper is an invited piece and is based on the specialist experience and viewpoint of the authors working as psychotherapists with a background in therapeutic community work and of their experience of reflective practice and team development consultancy with teams working in homelessness services. Findings -- With increasing demand and more restricted funding for homelessness resettlement services, the authors raise issues in the complex interaction of institutional and social and interpersonal dilemmas for staff "stuck in the middle" between the (dis)stressing nature of clients' "unhoused" minds and the (dis)stressed response of the systems of care. A group-analytic, systems psychodynamics approach is used to shed light upon the risks to workers when services do not make time to reflect upon these (dis)stressing and potentially traumatising dynamics. They also point towards some of the personal and professional characteristics required in consulting to staff teams and agencies working with such complex dynamics. Originality/value -- The new operational guidance is welcomed, however, the authors suggest that the successful implementation of Psychologically Informed Environments (PIEs) is reliant on the capacity of any given organisation to build effective cultures and structures to support the development of reflective practice and team development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the mostly tacit transmission of the assumption of non-satiation from the outset of classical political economy to the advent of marginal analysis in Great Britain. The evolution of the assumption is traced back to contributions to the philosophy of mind in the early British enlightenment, which provided scientific ground not only to the economic agent's insatiable nature but also to a delusional dynamic of association that challenges the causality between acquisitiveness and pleasure. The paper claims that, because there is evidence that such delusional aspect was known to the early political economists, the assumption of non-satiation might have become a mainstay in economics not only for its scientific status but also as a result of a strategic choice that can only be explained within the political, cultural, and social context in which it was made. Had this been the case, the exportability of the assumption through time and space must be further questioned. The consistent inclusion of non-satiation in economic theories, policies, and institutions may have had extraordinary consequences, and may have nurtured rational behaviors that in fact fulfill the assumption itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the issue of how strategic-level partnerships, such as Local Safeguarding Children Boards, know about and learn from practice. The death of Baby Peter in Haringey exposed the dangers of reliance on numerical performance data alone to inform leaders about the true state of practice. The drivers for, and impact of, regulatory, media and political pressures on front-line practice and partnership behaviour are discussed with reference to the rise of organisational risk management and 'rule-based' responses (Munro, 2009). These are exacerbated by an overload of negative data about child protection systems which results in contagious 'attention cascades' which lead to over-simplification of complex issues and the rush to quick-fix solutions. This results in compliance-based responses designed to avoid 'blame', based on individualistic analyses of complex situations. Under these conditions, 'learning', such as from serious case reviews, can become regressive (how to avoid future culpability) rather than progressive (how to improve knowledge skills and practice). It is argued that understanding and improving practice require strategic partnerships to have engaged with front-line staff in order to access practice narratives as well as performance numbers, and to achieve an accurate and systemic analysis of the state of practice and how it can be improved. This calls for collective forms of knowing and reflecting and the paper concludes by describing examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the intersection between higher education, language and identity in Britain. It examines the reflections of minority ethnic graduates on their undergraduate studies in a new university in London. The graduates are from widening participation backgrounds and are multilingual. The paper explores how these graduates experienced their 'linguistic journey' in higher education with a focus on the development of multilingual identities and the ways in which multilingual resources are given scant recognition in UK universities. The context is set by giving an overview of government discourses on multilingualism and discussing how the United Kingdom has attempted to manage multilingual learners in educational settings. This is illustrated by four multilingual graduates' stories. These stories are indicative of how UK universities reproduce the monolingual ethos common in much of British society, either by ignoring the linguistic repertoires of their minority ethnic students, or by treating these as problematic. The paper argues that UK universities need to be imagined as multilingual spaces that respect the needs of minority ethnic students and appreciate the cultural and linguistic resources that this diverse group of students bring into the higher education sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a critical overview of the way in which higher education institutions (HEIs) in the UK have had their research activity subject to review. There have been six such reviews to date, the first two carried out by the Universities Grants Committee and, from 1992, by its replacement, the four UK higher education (HE) funding bodies (HE Funding Council for England, HE Funding Council for Wales, the Scottish HE Funding Council and the Department for Employment and Learning in Northern Ireland). The paper provides a broad outline of the key elements of the process, focusing on the two more recent research reviews and their impact on the subject of education, with the references providing specific detail for those interested in the minutiae of the reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of this commentary is to raise awareness about the apparent lack of formal activities and the paucity of published papers in nursing leadership development at the board level in the United Kingdom (UK). The paper suggests a way forward. Background The author has been serving at a board level, within and outside of nursing, locally, nationally and internationally since 1988. His current experience as an active board member and honorary treasurer of a leading charity organization in the Southeast of England and participation on a Board Leadership Development programme in the United States of America (USA) led to the need to write this commentary. Evaluation Leadership at the board level is different because the board is the governing body of an organization. The board has overall responsibility for running the organization. The overall duty is to manage less and LEAD more. The need for this type of leadership is on the increase because these are turbulent days in the healthcare industry. This growing trend witnesses increasing and greater demand from key stakeholders for nursing and healthcare services: rising exposure to liability and litigation; a demand for stronger accountability and questioning of the nature and delivery of nursing and healthcare services. Effective and successful leadership judgment is made based on both numbers [efficient resources utilization (RU)] and stories [effective client/patient satisfaction (CS)]. Conclusions Nurses and others in the healthcare industry need to guide against the leadership myths that: ‘everyone can be a leader’; ‘leaders deliver business (service) results’; ‘people who get to the top are leaders’; and ‘that leaders are great coaches’. This commentary demonstrates these myths could be converted to become realities through developing and possessing most if not all the knowledge, skills and attitudes implicated in the Effective Board Leadership Capabilities Development Profile presented in this paper. Implications for nursing management and leadership Possessing board level leadership capabilities is significant to nursing management and leadership from three key perspectives: the need for nurses to become ‘recognized’ leaders of the healthcare industry; possessing the knowledge, skills and attitudes relevant for effective board leadership; and the need to use the technology of the 21st century to aspire to an essentially intentionally global nursing community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of Géotechnique in 1948 as the first specialist soil mechanics journal and its development over 60 years is described, building on an earlier paper that dealt with the initial 30 volumes. The work and inspiration of the pioneers whose efforts created and nursed the journal through its early years are illustrated by reference to both published and private recollections. The role of the Geotechnical Society, both in the foundation of Géotechnique and in linking the members of its Advisory Panel, is described with reference to some of its traditions. The expansion of Géotechnique and its evolution to become and remain the leading international journal in its field are discussed, based on a study of the Advisory Panel's minutes and recollections of past chairmen. Interactions with the British Geotechnical Association (formerly Society), the Institution of Civil Engineers and the publishers, Thomas Telford Ltd, are recorded. Details are given of the significant number of awards and prizes that have been attracted by Géotechnique papers over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The special edition of JEAH published in August 2006 on 'Administration and Leadership in Education: A Case for History?' argued that history has been seriously undervalued in the study of administration and leadership in education. My introductory editorial explained why this mattered and outlined the framework in which the papers it contained were set. It then examined the concepts of administration and leadership in education and considered them as a field (or fields) of knowledge. In an exploration of how knowledge is produced, it discussed history as a form of knowledge and considered the contribution it could make to the study of the field. This was followed by a review of what was asked of the contributors and their response. The editorial concluded with ideas for future work. At the request of the new editors of the journal, this paper is a revised and extended version of my earlier editorial. Some aspects have been shortened (e.g., the review of contributions), others extended (e.g., views on history and its role), and some new material has been added (e.g., a discussion of the history of the field in the UK as represented in attempts to review the field since George Baron's ground-breaking keynote given at the first research conference of the British Educational Administration Society held in Birmingham in 1979). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstracts of papers published in the Institute of Civil Engineers (ICE) Proceedings for 2006 in Great Britain are presented. This include the paper "UK Reserviors Face Drought of Safety Engineers," written by I Hope from the November issue. Another is the "Cheong Gye Cheon Restoration in Seoul, Korea," by J.-H. Shin and I.-K. Lee from the November issue. And the "Ethics: Making it the Heart of Water Supply," by M. Sohail and S. Cavill from the May issue.

The year 2006 marks the 20th anniversary of the British Association for South Asian Studies (BASAS), and the organisation continues to enjoy a strong membership drawn from among South Asianists both in the United Kingdom and abroad. This is the third year that papers from the annual BASAS conference have been included in an edition of Contemporary South Asia . While neither the conference nor this edition sought to elicit participation from scholars working on particular themes, a number of cross-cutting issues do emerge within the following contributions. In particular, several of the papers focus upon the ways in which the marginalised in Indian society seek to secure their livelihoods and to express their identity. Other papers engage with broader political themes from independence to the current day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2003 the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) commissioned a systematic review of the research evidence relating to counselling older people. This paper reports on some of the findings of this review, particularly those which address the effectiveness of counselling with this population. Electronic searches of the research literature spanned six databases and were supplemented by hand-searches of reference lists and key journals, along with an extensive search of the “grey” literature. The location of papers testing interventions which fall within a definition of counselling set out by the BACP, with samples aged 50 years of age or above resulted in the inclusion of 47 relevant studies. Studies investigated a variety of mental health problems in older people, particularly depression, anxiety, dementia and the psychological impact of physical conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Of the 47 studies, eight tested counselling as a generic treatment, 15 tested cognitive behavioural therapy, 13 tested reminiscence therapy, and 11 tested various other specific approaches. The review concluded that counselling is efficacious with older people, particularly in the treatment of anxiety and depression and outcomes are consistent with those found in younger populations. Evidence as to the efficacy of counselling interventions in the treatment of dementia is weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - To detail a user's experiences of the digital archive project of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) (RGS-IBG). The "Unlocking the Archives" project has five facets: construction and conservation at its London archives; an online catalogue of its collections; digitisation of images and maps; provision of online fact sheets such as historical time-lines; and an educational programme that conforms to the UK's national curriculum for secondary schools. Design/methodology/approach - The paper explains how the RGS-IBG project has changed the way in which the study of the earth, the earth's history, and its historical sources, are selected, created, researched, taught, written, presented, and used. Emphasis is placed on two parts of the digitised archives: Mount Everest and its ascent, and encounters: images of empire. Findings - The two digitised archives described are not only innovative archival releases for worldwide dissemination but are also the basis for important educational projects. The RGS-IBG is the first UK learned society to provide digital availability and access for research, writing, and teaching. Practical implications - A very useful source of information and impartial advice for those planning to use digital archives or to digitise their own archives. Originality/value - This paper fulfils an identified information/resources need and offers a case study description of the Royal Geographical Society's "Unlocking the Archive" project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has benefited greatly from the time that I have recently spent working on the Committee of Section H of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. I am particularly grateful to David Shankland and Malcolm Smith, both of whom have served as Recorders for Section H, for generously sharing their knowledge and reminiscences of the Section with me. The paper further benefited from comments received at the recent 2004 Festival of Science in Exeter at which I presented it in a session entitled‘Anthropology after Darwin: The role of the BA’. I also acknowledge the helpful comments of three anonymous reviewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at the challenges facing voluntary and community organizations (VCOs) within the new policy context of English “regionalism”, drawing primarily on an empirical study in one of the emerging Regions. Barriers to voluntary and community sector (VCS) engagement with the new regional governmental organizations and the new regional policy agenda are identified. The role of VCS “infrastructure” organizations in facilitating relationships with regional levels of government is also considered. The concepts of exchange, ownership, trust and legitimacy are then employed to analyse and explain the implications for English VCOs of working with a new tier of government at regional level. The paper concludes by reconsidering the nature of the relationship between VCOs and “government” in the light of the new policy context presented by English regionalism combined with central government interest in building the capacity and infrastructure of the voluntary sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on European Control Conferences that took place during 1991-2001. First European Control Conference was held in Grenoble, France in July 1991. Noteworthy is a high percentage of screened papers, which seems to be due to the fact that this was the first conference and a substantial part of papers were preplanned to some extent because they were presented at the 28 so-called invited sessions. The Seventh European Control Conference took place in Cambridge, Great Britain on September 14, 2003. The European Union recently pays much attention to increasing the standing of the European researchers in the international science and engineering. This was the main goal of organizing in 1990 the European Union Control Association.

British trade union renewal has focused on the twin strategies of organising and partnership. Drawing on experience from North America, and fledgling developments in Britain, this paper argues that reciprocal community unionism could provide another weapon in the union movement's armoury for reversing decline. The paper provides a brief historical overview of the intersection between unions and community in Britain before addressing reciprocal community unionism in more detail. The final part of the paper then looks at the work of Battersea and Wandsworth Trade Union Council's Organising Centre in South West London during 2000 and 2001. The case study highlights the ways in which trade unionism can develop when focused on a particular locality, and the advantages of having extra-workplace organisation in any place. The case also illustrates some of the barriers preventing this model of trade unionism being translated to other boroughs, towns and cities in the UK. In the conclusion, the paper then calls for further experimentation in the development of reciprocal community unionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses upon ways in which National Lottery funding impacts upon aspects of identity for small- to medium-sized organizations in the United Kingdom, and highlights some of the less-anticipated difficulties that groups may experience after receipt of a grant. A large Lottery grant can facilitate rapid expansion and may necessitate a degree of organizational learning for which groups are often unprepared. The paper suggests that a Lottery grant may lead to changes in the ways in which an organization identifies itself, or is identified by stakeholders. However, these changes may not be accompanied by a corresponding change in the organization's capacity or underlying cultural ethos. On the basis of the primary research carried out in 2003, the paper examines the implications of these changes for individual organizations and for the sector more widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper challenges the view that British medical parliamentarians were a rare breed whose limited presence was felt most during the late-Victorian period. Focused on the interwar "movement" for a medical lobby in Parliament, it identifies 159 medical candidates (of whom 72 were elected). It traces the motivations of the British Medical Association in promoting this movement, and shows how the BMA's goals were subverted in part by the identity interests and agendas of the medical men and women who sought election. The paper also highlights some of the alternative political strategies that the profession attempted to use to promote its interests. In addition to providing a window on the culture and politics of British medicine in the interwar period, it explains why the place of doctors in the House of Commons cannot be seen as contributing to the emergence of professional society as defined by Harold Perkin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies a psychoanalytic approach to the protests of members of 'Residents Against Paedophiles' on the Paulsgrove estate in Portsmouth, UK, in August 2000. It sets these in the context of the strains existing in the British government's policy on sexual offenders. It is argued that the protests demonstrate the existence of links between a vigilante state of mind and the 'mind of state' that makes community members responsible for crime management. Evidence is provided by the protesters' fabrication of a 'mental list' of convicted sex offenders that mimicked the official register. The paper concludes that access to information does not always have the effect of containing adults in such a way that enhances their capacity to act as 'responsible' citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the membership of the professional association of chemical engineering in Britain – the Institution of Chemical Engineers – during its first three decades. Using collective methods of biography, it explores how long it took for clear boundaries to develop between this membership and the wider chemical community. Delineation was linked to the development of an academic discipline. This paper argues that the indeterminate constituency of the IChemE delayed growth, but allowed it to play a key role in shaping the development of the new profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the logic of membership of sectoral business associations in Britain using evidence from a proportionate stratified random sample of associations. The British system gives no statuatory status to business associations. As a result the size and fragmentation of associations is similar to the US, membership of associations is interpreted in terms of the logic of specific business service demand and the logic of collective activities. Expectations from models of collective action, associability and involvement are used to interpret association membership. The paper argues that the normal distinction between associations as trade, professional or "peak" bodies is too simplistic in not properly differentiating the types of member. The paper employs instead a set of six categories dependent on the type of members: companies, owner-managers, the self-employed, and individuals, as well as bodies with mixed membership, and federations (which are associations of associations). Survey evidence demonstrates that member motives for joining, lapsing and constraining service development differ significantly between association types and tend most strongly to emphasise the logic of individual services as complements to the logic collective activity. Analysis of the rates of joining and lapsing membership show evidence of reluctance to join and high rates of lapsing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the official guideline endorsed by the surgical specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. This paper summarises the current state of play in the organisation and provision of head and neck cancer surgical services in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning with a reminder of the main features and effects of the profound changes to the NHS made by the Conservative government in 1990, this account then reviews the incoming Labour government's proposals as set out in the White Paper "The New NHS." An analysis, based on the formal response of the NHS Consultants' Association to the White Paper, welcomes many of the new initiatives but shows how the Conservative "Internal Market" is being modified, not removed, and the proposals fall short of restoring the public service ethos. In conclusion, the arguments and strategy being employed by the Association are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the opportunities for, and the challenges facing, joint working in the provision of community mental health care. At a strategic level the organization of contemporary mental health services is marked by fragmentation, competing priorities, arbitrary divisions of responsibility, inconsistent policy, unpooled resources and unshared boundaries. At the level of localities and teams, these barriers to effective and efficient joint working reverberate within multi-disciplinary and multi-agency community mental health teams (CMHTs). To meet this challenge, CMHT operational policies need to include multiagency agreement on: professional roles and responsibilities; target client groups; eligibility criteria for access to services; client pathways to and from care; unified systems of case management; documentation and use of information technology; and management and accountability arrangements. At the level of practitioners, community mental health care is provided by professional groups who may have limited mutual understanding of differing values, education, roles and responsibilities. The prospect of overcoming these barriers in multidisciplinary CMHTs is afforded by increased opportunities for interprofessional ‘seepage’ and a sharing of complementary perspectives, and for joint education and training. This review suggests that policy-driven solutions to the challenges facing integrated community mental health care may be needed and concludes with an overview of the prospects for change contained in the previous UK government’s Green Paper, ‘Developing Partnerships in Mental Health’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subscribers to the British Sociological Association will be aware that its newsletter, Network, has recently been carrying correspondence on the ethics of covert observation, provoked by Roger Homan's paper, in a previous Sociological Review, 'Interpersonal Communication in Pentecostal Meetings'. Homan, himself, has contributed to this correspondence and defended his stance at more length in a paper, published with a rejoinder by Martin Bulmer, in the British Journal of Sociology.[1] I am not, however, convinced that we have yet reached some of the core issues in this area, because the ethical discussion has become so far removed from an adequate understanding of the nature of fieldwork. In this paper, I want to reunite these two topics, partly because I believe ethical debate to be a rather futile activity if it is not grounded in everyday practice and partly to show that there are so many grey moral areas in ethnography that an over-academic analysis may ultimately be inimical to our continued use of this approach to social life. Although I shall concentrate on field practice, this should not be taken to imply a disregard for planning and writing-up research. Plainly the ethical questions are at least as important, but their better documentation makes an extended consideration a less urgent matter for this present paper. By ethnography I intend to include all research based upon naturalistic modes of inquiry within a predominantly inductivist theoretical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]