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The global energy demand has been projected to rise over 28% by 2040, calling for more renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass to produce biofuels, and for green and efficient processing technologies. Actual limitations of processing technologies include high cost and high-energy consumption. Here, deep eutectic solvents appear as a green alternative to harmful organic solvents. For biomass pretreatment, deep eutectic solvent-based techniques require about 28% less energy and remove 40.7% of lignin. Deep eutectic solvents can be recycled up to five times. Here we review deep eutectic solvents with focus on properties, toxicity, recyclability, techno-economy and applications in biomass conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Microwave irradiation method reduces the reaction time with optimum yield. • Saccharification rate from sugar bagasse yield about 43.62% sugar. • Response surface method analyzes the response of parameters used in pretreatment. • The highest glucose yield of 28.5% and xylose 9.9% was obtained. Alternative renewable energy sources are the future potential energy that will benefit the country's overall energy shortage and demand. The efficient biofuel production depends on the viability of the raw material used. The holistic approach of this study is to establish an integrated bioprocess from lignocellulosic material for biofuel synthesis. Sugar bagasse as one of the waste material, can be economically process for sugar extraction used in biofuel production. In this study, the optimum saccharification rate obtained was 43.62% when the biomass was pretreated at microwave temperature of 100 °C for 15 min with 2.5 g catalyst concentration. The results attained shows that hydrolysis time reduces to approximately 40–50% in compare with other traditional heating method. The sample was analyzed by using UV spectrophotometer and HPLC and computed by using Response Surface Method in MINITAB 17, whereas the structural changes of the residue was detected by using ATR-FTIR and ESEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]