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Background: Fertility intentions, as a direct driver of fertility behavior, play an important role in the implementation of national fertility policy and population development. This study explored the influencing factors of college teachers' second child fertility intentions in Jinan, China on the basis of TPB. Methodology/Principal findings: Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper employs basic characteristics analysis, difference analysis, and factor analysis related to the fertility intentions of the participants. Analysis found participants between 31 and 40 years old had the highest second child fertility intentions, and participants with a college-age first child had the lowest second child fertility intentions. Attitude and subjective norms had a positive impact on second child fertility intentions, and policy awareness had a positive impact on attitude, which indirectly affected second child fertility intentions. Subjective norms had the greatest influence on second child fertility intentions, followed by attitude, and policy awareness had the least influence on second child fertility intentions. Significance/Future research: The findings of this paper can enrich the theoretical research on fertility intentions, and also provide more optimal practical references for the formulation and propagation of China's fertility policy as well as the improvement of the division of family roles in China. Future research can further explore the impact of fertility policy on the fertility intentions of other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Tien Lan, widely recognized as one of the key founders and pioneers of modern spatial structures in China. In addition to his significant contributions in research and design, this paper explores Professor Lan's social initiatives and accomplishments, such as founding committees and associations related to spatial structures, organizing conferences, and contributing to the development of specifications for design and construction. Professor Lan's contributions have been recognized by several prestigious awards and honors received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the job demands-resources model, this study explored the relationships among emotional labor strategies, job demands of teaching, job resources, and teaching efficacy for university teachers. The results, based on a sample of 316 university teachers from China, showed that the teachers preferred to convey authenticity by expressing deep acting and naturally felt emotion. Furthermore, deep acting and naturally felt emotions were found to have a significant positive effect on teaching efficacy, whereas surface acting did not have any significant relationship with teaching efficacy. As organizational variables, job demands significantly positively affected surface acting, deep acting, and naturally felt emotion. In contrast, job resources positively affected surface and deep acting, but no significant relationship with naturally felt emotions was found. These results highlight that university teachers from China could benefit from adopting authentic emotional labor strategies, specifically deep acting and naturally felt emotions, as the most effective strategies in teaching. Based on the above findings, this paper concludes with recommendations for university administrators to alleviate the emotional labor of college faculty. For example, universities should pay more attention to teachers' emotional state, provide resources to support them, and give more space and support to college teachers in teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative teaching behaviors of college teacher are of positive significance for promoting the construction of educational informatization in China and realizing the high-quality development of higher education. Based on the theory of social cognition and theory of behavioral change, the paper explores the influential mechanism and its boundary conditions of college teachers' information literacy on their innovative teaching behaviors during the new era of educational informatization. Through the investigation of 280 college teachers, it is found that: (1) information literacy and its dimensions of information knowledge and information capability have a significant positive effect on innovative teaching behavior; (2) Creative self-efficacy plays a mediating role between information literacy (information knowledge and information capability) and innovative teaching behavior; (3) College innovation climate significantly moderates the positive relationship between information literacy (information awareness and information knowledge) and creative self-efficacy; (4) College innovation climate significantly moderates the mediating effect of creative self-efficacy between information literacy (information awareness and information knowledge) and innovative teaching behavior. Therefore, colleges and universities should focus on enhancing teachers' information literacy level and their creative self-efficacy, creating an excellent atmosphere for innovation, and encouraging college teachers to actively carry out their innovative teaching practice in the new stage of educational informatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, universities in northeastern China have been losing teachers. This paper uses the survey results of university teachers in Northeastern China to analyze the factors that cause the loss of teachers in universities in Northeastern China. Based on the findings of this study, the factors that affect the flow tendency of teachers at worklife include promotion and development, university management, working conditions, salary and interpersonal relationship, of which promotion and development has the greatest impact. The factors that affect the flow tendency of teachers in the external environment include family responsibility, organizational prestige, conditions for talent acquisition and urban living environment, of which organizational prestige has the greatest impact. To alleviate the loss of teachers in universities from northeastern China, universities can improve the promotion and development channels of teachers, perfect their working conditions and management level, raise the basic salary standard of teachers and establish a remuneration system for distribution according to performance. For good measure, they can also stabilize the current teachers while attracting more outstanding talents by exploiting the advantages of location, making more efforts to build high-level disciplines, and offering more favorable conditions for talent introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the supply-and-demand dynamics in the library and information science (LIS) academic market in China. This analysis is based on a broad concept of academic market and large-scale labor-market data. The authors find a shift in faculty positions, in which traditional positions in universities and research institutions have been replaced with relatively new, temporary academic positions, such as contract-based positions, research librarians, and army lecturers. In addition, they speculate that institutional prestige contributes to a structural mismatch in the Chinese LIS market. Confronted with a changing academic job market, LIS institutions and associations need to strengthen the training of doctoral students' transferable skills to improve their entry into the academic market. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to investigate the supply and demand of the LIS academic market in China, which can provide a reference for the global LIS academic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Professor independent directors have been the subject of academic debate as to whether they can improve corporate innovation performance. Accordingly, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between professor independent directors, the marketization process and corporate innovation performance in China. Design/methodology/approach: Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2017, this study examines how professor independent directors and the (low and high) marketization process affect corporate innovation performance. Findings: The empirical analysis of this yields the following main results. First, enterprises with a higher proportion of professor independent directors outperform those with a low proportion of professor independent directors in terms of corporate innovation. Second, the study of introducing the marketization process finds that there is no "market failure". Third, while professor independent directors have a significant association with innovation performance in the high-marketization group, this association is negligible in the low-marketization group, indicating that there is no "substitution effect". Originality/value: This research provides empirical evidence to support the hiring of professors with relevant backgrounds as independent directors who can contribute meaningfully to corporate governance and innovation while also fostering industrial transformation. This study also identifies that the role of professor independent directors in facilitating corporate innovation is more effective in regions with a high degree of marketization than in regions with a low degree of marketization, implying that increasing marketization benefits the role of professor independent directors in facilitating corporate innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • China's MI field has undergone significant development. • Few authors have high-quality articles and high output. • The collaboration intent of authors is growing stronger. • The field of research is relatively stable. • Current advanced technologies continue to emerge in MI research. Abstract Background As the world's second largest economy, China makes unique contributions to the world in many fields, including sociology, the economy, technology and defense. Medical informatics (MI) is an important cross-disciplinary field that, along with its applications, has received massive funding from the Chinese government. However, the question of how to evaluate China's input and output in MI remains important and complex issue of great significance for China and the rest of the world. Objective This paper analyzed, for the first time, the quality and quantity of research by Chinese academics in MI based on their articles published in international specialty journals in recent years and examined MI research hotspots in China. Our purpose is to summarize the experiences and lessons learned by China and the rest of the world as they develop MI. Method We targeted 18 MI journals listed in the JCR 2016 report and searched for papers published by Chinese academics in these 18 journals in the WOS and PUBMED databases and on journal sites. We also performed data cleansing and categorized the obtained information. We used Excel, SPSS, Ucinet and NetDraw to conduct quantitative analyses on the research papers. Results A total of 1340 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of this study. We observed a significant upward trend in the number of articles published over time, particularly after 2011. Lei Jianbo, Huang Zhengxing and Li Jin-song are active Chinese authors in the MI discipline who have written many high-quality publications. Meanwhile, universities remain the primary breeding grounds for scientific research: 93.36% of the articles came from universities. Zhejiang University published the most first-author articles, whereas Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Tsinghua University produced 17.76% of the total articles. According to the lists of authors, 24% of the papers were co-authored with foreign researchers. This rate of cooperation is increasing each year, from 5.88% to the current rate of 39.04%. An analysis of keywords showed that “EMR”, “SVM”, “Authentication”, “Telecare medical information system”, “EEG”, “ECG” and “RFID” were the most frequently searched terms in popular technological fields, including artificial intelligence and image processing. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of high-frequency keywords and a broadening range of research fields, which has led to the emergence of several research hotspots, including MI systems, mobile health care, telecare, data mining and machine learning. Conclusions Through the quantitative analysis of publications, we discovered the emergence of three stages – infancy, slow growth and rapid growth – in China's MI research in recent years as academics make achievements in their research works. The global influence of Chinese academics is growing, and they are making increasingly conscious efforts to enter into research collaborations with foreign researchers. The findings of Chinese academics’ publications are gaining international recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the competence of college teachers in China has been going on for a long time, but the conclusions obtained in the dominant characteristic layer of competence are different. Based on the competency model theory, this paper used the meta-analysis method to conduct an integrated study on the dominant characteristic layer of the Chinese college teachers' competency model. A total of 29 literature sources were included, and the total number of samples was 18,246. The results indicated that the overall performance of male teacher's was better than that of female teachers in the dominant characteristic layer of the college teachers' competency model, and the average effect was significant. The regional division of China can play a moderating role in this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main base for training teachers, normal colleges and universities can not only reserve a large number of talents for the construction of teachers but also help to improve the professional quality and teaching ability of teachers. Carrying out research on music education in normal colleges and universities can further meet the diversified needs of the current society for music talents and promote the improvement of art cultivation and cultural level of music students in normal colleges and universities. This paper discusses the preparation work of higher normal music colleges under the new curriculum standards from four aspects: "experience learning, independent learning, cooperative learning, and inquiry learning." Later, through the method of questionnaire survey, starting from the survey of the independent learning motivation of 325 music education students, the independent learning situation of music education students under the network resources was analyzed, and the learning strategies were discussed from various aspects of students, teachers, and the school. By analyzing the current situation of music teaching in higher teacher training colleges from many aspects, and putting forward relevant suggestions according to the survey results, we hope to help the transformation of music teaching methods in the future and make contributions to the field of music teaching in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of new media technology, the demand for applied professional film and television talents in China's film and television industry is getting higher and higher, especially the comprehensive practical ability. In the Internet age, information technology has been widely used. It is integrated into people's lives with the unique characteristics of interaction and communication among all employees, and opens up a new mode of work, study and life with Internet as the medium. Under the new situation, all kinds of schools at all levels also make full and active use of the Internet for online teaching. In the past, the quality monitoring work focused on theoretical teaching. However, in the face of online and offline mixed practice teaching, there are bound to be many problems and deficiencies when using the theoretical teaching quality monitoring system. This paper mainly discusses the application of online and offline mixed tutorial mode in film and television literature course from the aspects of task-oriented teaching content, application of classroom teaching methods, diversification and dynamics of evaluation methods, etc., hoping to provide reference for college teachers who implement online and offline mixed teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have found that there were obvious differences between men and women in research performance, but there is little analysis on teaching. At the same time, the existing studies did not classify the teacher sample but only analyzed the overall sample. This study takes both teaching and research into account, and the sample teachers from a certain university in China are divided into three groups such as outstanding teachers in teaching, outstanding teachers in research, and weak teachers in both teaching and research through cluster analysis based on the discrete data analysis of teaching and research workload from 2018 to 2020. The gender differences in teaching and research performance of male and female teachers in every group are analyzed. It is found that there are obvious differences between male and female teachers in the three groups. By analyzing the correlation between male and female teaching and research performance and gender, age, education, and degree of three groups, it is also found that there are differences between men and women in the correlation of individual factors such as degree and type of graduation university. Based on the results, this paper provides several policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the pioneer palaeontologists, Professor Zhuoting Liao has contributed his lifetime to promoting palaeontological and stratigraphical research in China for 60 years, and he passed away in the field excursion in South China on June 20, 2020. In his palaeontological career, Liao has worked on Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic palaeontology and stratigraphy of almost all regions across China, and his interests have also extended to the Permian–Triassic (P‐Tr) boundary and mass extinction. He has worked on palaeontology, palaeobiogeography, biostratigraphy, tectonostratigraphy, and their implications in mineral and oil‐gas industries. Liao has established 22 new genera and 172 new species of brachiopods, and, together with his colleagues, proposed 11 new genera and 25 new species of echinoderms. He dedicated his lifetime to work on Late Palaeozoic palaeontology and stratigraphy of the previously remote and tectonically complex Xinjiang and adjacent regions, north‐west China, and established integrated stratigraphical frameworks for the Carboniferous to Permian strata, providing fundamental basis for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration in the poorly understood Central Asian terranes. In addition, he has mentored many young palaeontologists and stratigraphers in various ways. This volume assembles 30 papers addressing the Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic palaeontology and stratigraphy of China and adjacent regions, which pays tribute to the achievement of Professor Zhuoting Liao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of income on the subjective happiness of teachers in Chinese private universities is researched in this paper. First of all, considering the features of the Chinese private university, the measuring model of the subjective happiness of teachers in higher institutions was established. Then, the private university teachers in China were taken as investigation objects to collect data samples. Finally, based on the questionnaire data, the author will verify the measuring model by using the structural equation model. The empirical research results show that the welfare system of the investor has a positive impact on the teacher income, and the income has a notable positive impact on the subjective happiness of teachers through consumption level and housing conditions. Therefore, it has a significant positive influence on the subjective happiness of the teachers in Chinese private colleges. With the higher income, the subjective happiness of the teachers becomes stronger. In addition, the welfare system of the investor will also have a positive influence on the subjective happiness of the teachers through expenditure system, management culture, and enterprise welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, based on data collected from questionnaires distributed among German students and from interviews with university professors and contacts in cooperating companies in both Germany and China, evaluates dual studies in Germany and their applicability to China. The study finds that most students are satisfied with the theory phase and the practical phase. Practical experience and grants from companies are mentioned as important advantages of dual studies. In addition, expert interviews carried out in Germany show that students acquire both professional knowledge and occupational skills in the course of their dual studies. Interviews with Chinese experts point to the fact that the German model of dual studies could be applicable to China. Therefore, dual studies at Chinese application-oriented universities which interlink theory with practice and offer both a Bachelor's degree and a professional qualification in 3- to 4-year programmes could be an attractive alternative for Chinese students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An instructor's gestures have an effect not only on students' learning but also on teaching itself. In two experiments, this study tested whether instructors' use of gestures while recording video lectures affected their teaching performance, stress, and cognitive load. In Experiment 1, participants recorded video lectures with gestures or without gestures. As hypothesized, t tests showed that participants in the gestures condition had better teaching performance and lower cognitive load than participants in the no‐gestures condition, whereas there was no effect on stress level. In Experiment 2, participants recorded video lectures with either pointing gestures or representational gestures. The t tests indicated that participants in the pointing gestures condition showed better teaching performance and experienced lower stress than those in the representational gestures condition, but there was no difference in cognitive load. Overall, our findings suggest that in the new educational environment of video lectures, instructors should consider using gestures, especially pointing gestures, to improve their teaching and their experience of teaching. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic Instructors' gestures have benefits on learners' learning.Different types of gestures have different effect.Gestures can affect speaker's cognition. What this paper adds This study explored the effect of whether instructors' gestures and different types of gestures (pointing gestures and representational gestures) during recording instructional videos on their teaching.Instructors' gestures improved their teaching performance, induced cognitive load, and enhanced teaching efficacy.Instructors' pointing gestures were outperformed than representational gestures in teaching performance and stress level. Implications for practice and/or policy Instructors should consider using gestures when recording instructional videos, especially pointing gestures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While assessment for learning (AfL) has been widely used in college English classrooms in China where teachers usually teach large classes, how AfL is implemented in the large-class higher education (HE) context is relatively underexplored. To address this gap, this study explores some of the challenges presented by large classes and the teachers' coping strategies through case studies of three university English teachers' AfL practices. Challenges are identified surrounding how the teachers dealt with (a) inadequate attention to individual students, (b) reduced opportunities for individualised feedback, (c) overwhelming marking responsibilities, and (d) involving students in assessment, with strategies of putting students in groups, matching names with faces, conducting teacher-student conferences, utilising technology to facilitate feedback processes, enabling peer feedback, and transforming students from assessees to assessors. Findings are framed around useful forms of AfL in large classes and the feasibility of AfL in terms of compromises between teacher agency and their temporal and contextual conditions. The paper concludes with implications for teacher assessment training, teacher education and policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By extracting information from various original materials and using geography departments, curricula, and faculty as indicators, this paper contributes to the discussion of the development of geography in higher education in China from 1904 to 1949. Four mutual connections are outlined. First, the development of geography in higher education is inextricably linked to social and political changes. Second, geography in higher education during the period concerned progressed in fits and starts, which affected its distribution. Third, geography departments were split into two categories according to the type of higher educational institution, which created differences in the tasks, curricula, and faculty of these departments. Fourth, faculty were trained in both domestic and foreign universities, and Western universities made an obvious contribution to the growth of qualified academic faculty. Simultaneously, universities where qualified academic faculty were trained were centralized both in domestic and foreign aspects. The special role of geographers returning from overseas study, the particularity of geography in higher education in China, and the connection between Chinese and foreign geography are also discussed in terms of geography departments, curricula, and faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiment teaching is very important in talent cultivation, and high level experimental teaching team is an essential guarantee to carry out experimental teaching in colleges and universities. It is very important to develop training courses for newcomer experimental teachers to help them knowing well the experimental teaching work and knowing definitely their professional orientation. This paper introduces the construction of 10 hours training courses for new experimental teachers in University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(UESTC), including the design of training contents, guide of occupation layout and professional development, training course teaching mode and implementation instance. The training contents are as follows the basic conception about experiment and experimental teaching, OBE(outcomes based education) idea and engineering education attestation, examples of experimental teaching design. It is valuable for other colleges and universities to carry out new experimental teachers’ training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the challenges faced by young lecturers in managerial transformation in elite Chinese academic institutions which aim to develop into world-class universities. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews, the paper discusses how a group of lecturers on tenure-track contracts at a research university in China perceived the impacts of this managerial personnel reform. The study revealed intensified academic pressure and consequent feelings of insecurity, uncertainty and anxiety among the participants. Rigid tenure requirements pushed down research quality, and detracted from the efforts the participants could have devoted to teaching. Further negative impacts were strengthened power hierarchies and increasingly gendered nature of the academic culture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose – After the official definition of Open Educational Resources (OER) at the Forum on Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries in 2002, the concept was soon introduced to China and popularised among scholars, practitioners, and educators. After ten years of proliferation, it is important to explore the landscape of Chinese OER research. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts social network analysis (SNA) to analyse the network defining the citations of 133 OER journal articles published in China. Findings – The findings illustrate that the academic circle of OER in China is small, which leads to restricted innovation. Most publications are produced by researchers working at comprehensive universities and normal universities (teachers colleges). Research limitations/implications – In these universities, a number of active OER researchers are emerging, but no OER research team can be identified from their citation networks. Currently, most OER research is still descriptive research, and only few case studies are being to gradually be conducted. Practical implications – As the Chinese OER research is still in the initial stage, more research projects in OER need to be explored to construct higher quality and more influential open content to achieve deep openness. Originality/value – In the literature, no one has adopted the SNA to analyse the citation network of Chinese OER research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faculty plays a critical role in the growing trend of internationalization in higher education. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that drive faculty members to get involved in internationalization. Employing structural equation model with data gathered from questionnaire, this study attempts to explore how faculty engagement in internationalization is motivated based on a survey in China, and institution type is also considered in our model. Our findings suggest that in the overall sample, both individual and environmental motivations positively relate to faculty engagement in internationalization, and individual motivation is the more critical predictor. One striking result is that individual motivation plays a complete mediating factor between environmental motivation and faculty engagement in internationalization, suggesting the significance of transferring institutional incentives to faculty's individual competence and efficacy. Institution type significantly accounts for environmental motivations. As to key university, the result was consistent with above. In general institution, however, the effect of environmental motivation is insignificant, indicating that sufficient funding is indispensable for the internationalization ambition of institutions. The implications for research and policy conclude this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-mail has firmly established itself as a dominant channel of interaction for both social and professional purposes. Despite its importance as a communication tool, the influence of professional roles on discursive practices has yet to be thoroughly addressed, especially when e-mail is specifically used between academics, students, and other relevant stakeholders in the higher education setting, where English is a second or foreign language. Through the case study of an e-mail corpus containing messages received by an academic in one year, this paper investigates the general discursive patterns, discourse structures, and nonstandard linguistic features of e-mail discourse in higher education in Hong Kong. Specifically, it examines how such discursive practices are influenced by sender roles and sender-receiver relationships. Findings from the present study show traces of interdiscursivity in e-mail use in the academic domain and how sender roles influence the level of interdiscursivity between e-mail and genres of old and new. The similarities and differences in the discursive practices between academic professionals and students in e-mail communication also underscore the importance of having more fine-grained accounts of e-mail use in a wide range of settings in professional communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we report a case study of two first-year students at a university in Hong Kong doing the same writing assignment that required the use of sources. We explore the students’ understanding of plagiarism, their strategies for composing, the similarity between their texts and source texts, and the lecturer''s assessment of their work. The analyses in the study drew upon textual comparisons between student texts and source texts, interview data, and observation notes. The data indicated that both students appeared to understand the university''s plagiarism policy yet their texts were characterized by patchwriting and inappropriate citation. Only one student''s problems were spotted by the lecturer and checked with Turnitin while the other''s was hidden to the lecturer. We speculate about the reasons, and then discuss these issues related to students’ writing from sources: the place of reading in a source-based assignment, the difficulty level of sources for an assignment in an introductory course, complexities of attribution in source-based writing assignments, and the place of patchwriting in the work of novice writers. We conclude by highlighting the challenges faced by teachers and researchers and echo with others that different labels need to be given to plagiarism as cheating versus misuse of source texts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Limited evidence is available from the existing literature that relates teachers' career motivation to their attitudes towards special and inclusive education and their motivation for professional development in China. A mixed-method approach was used to investigate teachers' perspectives in this respect. A sample of teachers at seven mainstream schools (N = 326), two special schools (N = 36) and student teachers from one university (N = 565) in a city in China was identified. Triangulation of data collected from questionnaire surveys, interviews and observations facilitated the identification of cases for narrative enquiry. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) was applied in data analysis and discussion. The key findings indicate that teachers researched were largely extrinsically motivated. Some were amotivated (unwilling) and were regretful of their career choice. Low teaching competencies influenced teacher attitudes towards inclusive education. Despite a high awareness of, and motivation for, professional development, many teachers were not taking an active initiative in engaging themselves in professional development. The paper highlights the impact of the multi-dimensional factors on teacher career motivation and professional development in special and inclusive education in China. It implies a correlation between the key themes and extends the discussion of the SDT model in terms of the continuum of extrinsic motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the dream of a middle-aged professor in Taiwan whose marriage and life had fallen apart. “All my life,” she said, “I followed the agenda, but I didn't get the reward.” She contemplated suicide. The dream revealed that at this time in her life her conventional Confucian agenda, corresponding to Jung's ego psychology of the first half of life, was changing into a post-conventional Taoist one, representing the enlightened trans-egoic psychology Jung, Maslow, Campbell, Wilber, and others find in lives that continues to develop. Only from the Confucian viewpoint had her life come to an impasse. According to the Taoist one she merely faced the death of her former way of being and the prospect of a remarkable new one. Viewing Chinese culture as merely Confucian misses the ontogenetic relationship between its two ancient wisdom traditions and the rich transformative potential of China's indigenous post-conventional Taoist tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a survey of 200 tourism education institutions in China, this paper analyzes the characteristics of and problems present in China's tourism education. The results show that the number of tourism programs has increased rapidly in the past 10 years owing to the fast development of the tourism industry. However, the quality of the programs needs to be improved. The results also indicate that salary levels are a key factor that will attract and then retain students in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classrooms of higher education are growing more internationalized in terms of both students and professors. With increasingly cross-cultural contact in the classroom, how individuals react based on their national culture becomes increasing important for educators. This paper investigates student/professor interactions and corresponding improvement strategies across four culturally distinct samples: China, New Zealand, Poland, and the United States. Differences are identified with respect to the types of critical incidents reported and desired responses to those encounters. The potential role that differences in the cultural dimensions of individualism, power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and time orientation may have in these findings are investigated. Suggestions are provided for specifically applying the research results in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Teaching for a balanced use of thinking styles involves instructing and assessing students using a variety of teaching styles, rather than just a single style. This article describes two experimental studies that test if teaching for a balanced use of thinking styles enhances students’ achievement. Participants were students and teachers from a comprehensive university of Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China. The first study involved 95 students majoring in computer sciences and two teachers, and the second, 85 students majoring in economics and business administration and two teachers. In each of the studies, students were taught a special topic in a 45-min session and took an achievement test. Each test paper was evaluated by two teachers. Students also responded to a self-report test of thinking styles and to two ability inventories. Support for the superiority of teaching for a balanced use of thinking styles was found in Study One, but not in Study Two. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper focuses on the current situation of Chinese universities as well as university teachers. After a brief introduction to the background of Chinese universities, the authors begin to explore the personnel structure and problems within it. They expose the bureaucratic executive authorities at universities, comparing their status within the university hierarchy with that of the doctors and masters, the core force among the teaching staff. The authors point out that as a result of the established hierarchy, the university has failed to develop fair competition mechanisms and calls on the universities to carry out personnel reforms for the sake of economic efficiency and educational development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Free Education for Future Teachers program implemented in top teachers' colleges in China. • It provides financial support to students in teaching majors conditional on that they teach in their home provinces. • We find that this program helps attract students scoring 0.2-0.5 percentiles higher than otherwise. • Regular majors in the same programs were not affected. • The program effect is stronger in places with a more severe credit constraint problem. This paper examines whether a conditional grant program for teacher trainees helped attract better students to teaching majors in Chinese universities. The Free Education for Future Teachers program implemented in top teachers' colleges provides tuition exemption and a generous stipend package to students in teaching majors under the condition that the recipients teach in their home provinces after graduation. By comparing score changes between teaching and nonteaching ("regular") majors and between program colleges and nonprogram teachers' colleges, we find that this grant program helps attract students scoring 0.4–0.5 percentiles higher in the score distribution to teaching majors. Further analysis shows that the program impact is stronger in places where more students are likely to be credit-constrained. Our results suggest that conditional grants targeting university-based teacher training programs are effective in improving the selection of teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the national outcry that has arisen due to the firing of an associate professor at Zhejiang University (Zheda) in Hangzhou, China. He Haibo was cited for scientific misconduct after allegedly fabricating data in journal articles on traditional Chinese medicine. Many people are criticizing the way that this situation was handled. Chinese academician Li Lianda technically oversees the goings on of the lab in which He worked, but spends the majority of time at his main lab in Beijing. A history of He's plagiarism is provided. Harold Garner of Texas Southwestern Medical Center has analyzed further papers for signs of academic misconduct.

The article presents a biography of Wei Lin. Wei Lin was born on September 7, 1934 in Chao Yong County, Guangdong province, China. He entered the Department of Mathematics at Zhongshan University in 1956. He became an associate professor at Zhongshan University in 1978. He visited the University of Delaware in 1982. He has also authored a number of books and papers related to mathematics.

An interview with Professor Jiangbing Du from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China is presented. When asked about his field of research, he refers to his work at the area of optical signal processing. He demonstrates an advanced method for obtaining ultra-highly sensitive strain sensing in his "Electronics Letters" paper. The method is important as it does not require pre-processing of the sensor head for obtaining a high sensitivity.

The article focuses on topics of interest to geoengineers. The mechanics and selection process for the Best Paper Award for "Geomechanics and Geoengineering: An International Journal" are provided. Z. J. Shen, a professor and honorary editor of the journal, died on October 2, 2006 in Beijing, China.