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In many grid-connected applications, a dc/dc switching converter is usually connected between the PV modules and the inverter. This paper presents an improved procedure to design a sliding controller for the PV system, which drives the PV voltage to follow a reference provided by an external MPPT algorithm and mitigates the perturbations caused by the irradiance changes and oscillations in the bulk voltage. By considering that the switching surface is the linear combination of the input capacitor current and the PV voltage error, the proposed design exhibits advantages in comparison with existing solutions that rely in the linearization of inner current loop dynamics. The proposed integral procedure, by taking also into account the effects in the closed-loop system dynamics of a reference filter, ensures a stable sliding regime in all the desired operation range of the system, while the settling time and overshoot of the PV voltage required by an MPPT algorithm are provided. Differently from a previous similar but less rigorous approach, the switching function and reference filter parameters are obtained by numerically solving a set of nonlinear equations. Simulations and experiments were used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution in presence of environmental and load perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper introduces a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique aimed at maximizing the power produced by photovoltaic (PV) systems. The largest part of the MPPT approaches presented in the literature are based on the sensing of the PV generator voltage. On the contrary, in this paper, a current-based technique is proposed: the sensing of the current in the capacitor placed in parallel with the PV source is one of the innovative aspects of the proposal. A dual control technique based on an inner current loop plus an outer voltage loop allows to take profit of the fast current tracking capability of the inner current loop while the voltage loop benefits from the logarithmic dependency of the PV voltage on the irradiation level. The features of the proposed algorithm, particularly in terms of tracking of irradiation variations and disturbance rejection, are supported by theoretical analysis, simulations, and experimental results. The technique described in this paper is patent pending. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new hysteresis window method is proposed as a solution for avoiding the operational dead zone that exists at the transition between buck and boost operating modes in all non-inverting buck-boost converters. In addition, this method also eliminates the discontinuities in the converter's steady-state output voltage transfer characteristic, which is a function of the duty cycle. The converter's output voltage function is surjective and, therefore, smooth mode transitions are achieved. The negative effects of operating within the dead zone are shown by the presence of subharmonics in the output voltage, increased output voltage ripple, poor regulation, and the instability of the converter during the transition between buck and boost operating modes. The dead-zone avoidance technique proposed in this paper eliminates all these issues while at the same time ensures highly efficient operation of the converter. An additional advantage of the technique is its simplicity, which allows for implementation into low-cost digital signal controllers, as well as into analog control circuits. The advantageous features of the proposed approach were evaluated on the basis of comparisons with three other dead-zone avoidance approaches and the initial case, which does not utilize any deadzone avoidance technique. All the experiments were carried out on a purpose-built prototype of a noninverting buck-boost converter with magnetically coupled inductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel asymmetrical interleaved dc/dc switching converters family intended for photovoltaic and fuel cell applications is presented in this paper. The main requirements on such applications are small ripples in the generator and load, as well as high voltage conversion ratio. Therefore, interleaved structures and voltage multiplier cells have been asymmetrically combined to generate new converters, which inherently operate in discontinuous conduction mode. The novel family is derived from boost, buck-boost and flyback-based structures. This converter family is analyzed to obtain the design equations and synthesize a design process based on the typical requirements of photovoltaic and fuel cell applications. Finally, the experimental results validate the characteristics and usefulness of the asymmetrical interleaved converter family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel dc–dc switching converter consisting of a boost stage cascaded with a buck converter with their coils magnetically coupled is presented. The disclosed converter has the same step-up or step-down voltage conversion properties than the single inductor noninverting buck–boost converter but exhibits nonpulsating I/O currents. The converter control-to-output transfer function is continuous between operation modes if a particular magnetic coupling is selected. The addition of a damping network improves the dynamics and results in a control-to-output transfer function that has, even in boost mode, two dominant complex poles without right-half-plane zeros. An example shows that an output voltage controller can be designed with the same well-known techniques usually applied to the second-order buck regulator. Details of a prototype and experimental results including efficiency, frequency, and time domain responses are presented. The experimental results validate the theoretical expected advantages of the converter, namely, good efficiency, wide bandwidth, and simplicity of control design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]