Search

The utilization rate of oat bran was improved and wastage of resources was reduced using the micro‐pulverization technology combined with extrusion in processing oat bran. The effects of micro‐pulverization and extrusion treatment on the structure, color, physical and chemical properties, functional properties, and pasting properties of oat bran were evaluated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, colorimeter, and rapid viscosity analyzer. Results showed that the pulverization and extrusion did not produce new functional groups in the bran. However, both treatment methods could increase the content of soluble dietary fiber and degree of starch gelatinization, reduce oil‐holding capacity, and increase water solubility index. Micro‐pulverization increased the brightness and slowly digestible starch of the bran, reduced rapidly digestible starch (RDS), and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of oat bran. Conversely, extrusion reduced the brightness and antioxidant capacity of oat bran, increased RDS. And extrusion made the surface of the bran relatively flat and denatured the protein. This study provides a theoretical basis that enterprises involved in oat processing can refer to. According to different market needs, adopt appropriate processing methods to process oat bran in order to gain more oat bran products. Novelty impact statement: Micro‐pulverization and extrusion had a great influence on the physical and chemical properties of oat bran.Some indicators (such as anti‐oxidation, color) had completely opposite results with two treatments.micro‐pulverization did not change the functional groups of bran, did not affect its β‐glucan content, but reduced its IDF content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel hyperbranched polymers that contained cationic polymerizable groups both on and around the hyperbranched framework were designed and synthesized as macromers. The hyperbranched macromers can polymerize from both inside and outside, resulting in a denser and more uniform structure of the cross-linked network, thus improving the performance of the photocured coatings. [Display omitted] • A series of hyperbranched polymers containing oxetane groups on and around the hyperbranched framework were designed and synthesized. • The newly synthesized hyperbranched polymers, as a new type of macromer, have excellent photopolymerization performance. • The addition of hyperbranched macromers allows the UV curing to form a more compact crosslinked structure. • The optimized macromer has good performance and application prospects in the UV curing coatings. On the basis of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation reactions, a series of hyperbranched macromers that contained cationic polymerizable groups, e.g., oxetane, internally and peripherally, was prepared using 3,3-dibromomethyl-1-oxetane and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as A 2 and CB 2 monomers, respectively. The structures of these macromers were confirmed via proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gel permeation chromatography analyses. The effect of the hyperbranched macromers on the ultraviolet (UV) curing of commercial resin was investigated via photo-differential scanning calorimetry and rheological experiments. The addition of hyperbranched macromers substantially improves the performance of the coating, such as its mechanical properties, pencil hardness, adhesive force, and thermogravimetric stability. It is superior to the addition of small molecule monomers, linear macromers, and hyperbranched macromers with oxetane only at the periphery under the same conditions. The best overall performance of the coating is achieved when the molar ratio of A 2 to CB 2 is 1.4. Results show that because hyperbranched internal units can also participate in crosslinking during the curing process, such macromers may be good candidates for high-performance UV curing coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oat–corn extruded powder is prepared to explore the effect of co‐extrusion with konjac flour on the structural properties and functional properties of the mixed powder for a reduced starch digestion rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), antioxidant activity, and in vitro digestibility are applied for analysis. SEM images after extrusion treatment show irregularity of the surface with some cracks and grooves. XRD and FT‐IR results show that the A‐type crystal structure disappears after extrusion, and the in vitro digestibility is improved but not significantly (p > 0.05). After different amounts of konjac flour and oat and corn mixed powder are added for co‐extrusion, the surface microstructure is relatively rough, the pores of the mixed system are reduced, the crystal form is V‐shaped. The starch digestion rate is significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The mixed powder with the addition of 5–15% konjac flour is a low GI material. It can be used as a raw material for meal replacement products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five novel iodonium salts (acceptors) and two amines (donors) can effectively form CTCs for photochemical/thermal initiators for single/two-photon photopolymerization. [Display omitted] • Iodonium salts and amines can effectively form CTC as novel long wavelength photoinitiators. • The newly photoinitiators are highly sensitive to UV–Vis LEDs @395–425 nm. • The optimized CTC can initiate radical polymerization as well as two-photon polymerization. • CTC have good performance as PIs and application prospects in the single/two-photon photopolymerization. Charge transfer complexes (CTCs), as a new type of photoinitiator system, exhibit excellent initiating abilities and are widely used in free radical polymerization. The reason is that it has safe photo or photo/thermal or dual initiator properties, which cannot be achieved by classical initiators. Thus, five novel iodonium salts (acceptors) and two amines (donors) capable of initiating thermal and photochemical polymerizations were investigated. The formations of the CTCs were assessed through their UV–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectra. The theoretical model study also attempted to show the relationship among the structure, reactivity, and efficiency of CTCs. Further explanation of the cause of this mechanism was provided by 1H NMR. The UV–vis photoinitiation ability of radical photopolymerization was also studied by real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photo-DSC under LED@395–425 nm. The application of the newly developed initiating system in laser direct writing experiments at two-photon polymerization (780 nm) shows excellent spatial resolution performance. Such characteristic demonstrates that potential versatility can be applied in single/two-photon polymerization to manufacture high-precision materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]