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Data Envelopment Analysis is a popular tool for assessing the relative efficiency of units, treated as a whole unit, without considering the internal structure of decision-making units. In contrast to the conventional models, Network DEA models consider the internal operations of units. In both models, the most favourable weights of the input–output factors for each unit are used. One of the main pitfalls of these models is that they require a set of n different vectors of these weights for the units, thus the factors may not have the same importance for each unit. To overcome this drawback and avoid ignoring some factors, several methods have been proposed to determine a common set of weights (CSWs) of the factors. However, none of the proposed approaches can determine the CSWs in network DEA models. This paper contributes to the existing literature by proposing a novel approach for determining the CSWs based on Entropy Method. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to demonstrate their applicability in both numerical and illustration examples. Moreover, a case of assessment of Science and Technology Parks in Turkey was used for the purpose of illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries with high energy demand but limited renewable energy potential are planning to meet part of their future energy needs by importing green hydrogen. For potential exporting countries, in addition to sufficient renewable resources, industrial preconditions are also relevant for the successful implementation of green hydrogen production value chains. A list of 36 "Green H2 Products" needed for stand-alone hydrogen production plants was defined and their economic complexity was analyzed using international trade data from 1995 to 2019. These products were found to be comparatively complex to produce and represent an opportunity for countries to enter new areas of the product space through green diversification. Large differences were revealed between countries in terms of industrial preconditions and their evolution over time. A detailed analysis of nine MENA countries showed that Turkey and Tunisia already possess industrial know-how in various green hydrogen technology components and perform only slightly worse than potential European competitors, while Algeria, Libya, and Saudi Arabia score the lowest in terms of calculated hydrogen-related green complexity. These findings are supported by statistical tests showing that countries with a higher share of natural resources rents in their gross domestic product score significantly lower on economic and green complexity. The results thus provide new perspectives for assessing the capabilities of potential hydrogen-producing countries, which may prove useful for policymakers and investors. Simultaneously, this paper contributes to the theory of economic complexity by applying its methods to a new subset of products, and using a dataset with long-term coverage. • HS code list of 36 technology components for off-grid green H2 production. • Identified components and related goods are comparatively complex to produce. • China achieved a globally unique increase in relevant exports from 1995 to 2019. • In the MENA region, Tunisia and Turkey score the highest on H2-related green complexity. • Fossil fuel exporters have below-average industrial economic and green complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Paris Climate Conference (COP21), many countries start progressing towards carbon neutrality targets. In doing so, green technology innovations (GTIs) and clean energy are the essential factors that can help to achieve the carbon neutrality goal. Therefore, this paper examines the linkages between green technology innovation and renewable energy and carbon dioxide emissions based on the STIRPAT model in Turkey during the time of 1990–2018. The study used testing like "unit-root" to verify the variables' integrative properties containing the information for structural breaks. Also, the bootstrapping ARDL-bound testing technique is used to analyze the relationship between the variables. The causal relationship between green technology innovation, energy consumption, renewable energy, population, income per capita, and carbon dioxide emissions is tested through a Granger causality test. The empirical findings show that green technology innovation, renewable energy, energy consumption, population, income per capita, and carbon dioxide emissions are co-integrated for the long-term association. Additionally, green technology innovation and renewable energy decline carbon dioxide emissions, whereas energy consumption, population, and per capita enhance carbon emissions. This paper helps the policymakers design a comprehensive policy for strengthening environmental sustainability through green technology innovation and renewable energy, specifically in the region of Turkey. • Examine the impact of GTIs and renewable energy on CO 2 emissions in Turkey. • We employed bootstrapping ARDL-bound testing technique. • GTIs and renewable energy are lowering CO 2 emissions. • Non-renewable energy consumption boosts CO2 emissions. • Population and personal income are also determinantal to carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Utilization of renewable energy sources and the application of environmentally sound energy technologies are essential to sustainable development and will help to secure the quality of living and the well-being of the future generations. Turkey presently has considerable renewable energy sources. The most important renewable sources are hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. The use of renewable energy as a topic to study energy and its forms permits a novel way to motivate students, particularly those who energy topics taking conscience with the environment. This paper presents the analysis and classification of renewable energy sources and how to find out their origin and a way to motivate students in energy topics related to renewable sources and also, the development of didactic competencies in special blended learning arrangements for educationalists, trainers and lecturers in adult education in the field of renewable energies in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the diffusion of environmental technologies. By studying the Turkish fertiliser industry as a case, we exemplify how a system is built around environmental technology applications and what factors are active in its diffusion. Our results show that regulations and public pressures are the main determinants in the diffusion of environmental technologies, indicating the importance of the institutional infrastructure, namely the interplay among firms, governmental and nongovernmental organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplier selection is one of the most important multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems for decision-makers in the competitive market. Today's organizations are seeking new ways to reduce the negative effects they have on the environment and to achieve a greener system. Currently, the concept of green supplier selection has gained great importance for its ability to incorporate environmental or green criteria into classical supplier selection practices. Therefore, in this study, a multi-phase MCDM model based on the best-worst method (BWM) and the interval type-2 fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (IT2F TOPSIS) is proposed. A case study in a plastic injection molding facility in Turkey was carried out to show the applicability of the proposed integrated methodology. The paper offers insights into decision-making, methodology, and managerial implications. Results of the case study are examined and suggestions for future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]