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Abstract: The object of this study was to investigate the chemical compositions of PM2.5 and its correlations with visibility and meteorological parameters in peri-urban of Xiamen, a southeast coastal city, China. PM2.5 samples were collected monthly from June 2009 to May 2010. The major compositions of PM2.5 such as water soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) (F−, Cl−, NO2 −, NO3 −, SO4 2−, Na+, K+, NH4 +, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and carbonaceous fractions (organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) were determined to estimate their contribution to light extinction coefficients. The results showed that the annual average concentration of PM2.5 was 86.16μg/m3, with monthly individual values ranging from 58.61μg/m3 to 109.39μg/m3. The correlation analysis showed that PM2.5 had higher correlations with visibility (r =−0.89) and relative humidity (r =−0.75), while there was no apparent correlation between PM2.5 and wind speed. Water soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous fractions were the major compositions of PM2.5 accounting for 28.7% and 20.7% of the total PM2.5 mass, respectively. NO3 −, SO4 2−, and NH4 + were the major water soluble inorganic ions, accounting for 22.7%, 44.4%, and 17.7% of the total water soluble inorganic ions (TWSIIs), respectively. The average concentrations of secondary organic carbon (SOC) in summer, autumn, winter, and spring in Xiamen were 4.16, 6.48, 13.00 and 8.01μg/m3, which accounted for 43.4%, 45.5%, 54.6% and 58.8% of OC, respectively. The annual average light extinction coefficient of PM2.5 ((b ext)fine particle) was 214.3Mm−1, which was estimated by the IMPROVE algorithm. The average percentage contributions to (b ext)fine particle were 39.5% for organic mass, 31.4% for ammonium sulfate, 15.3% ammonium nitrate, and 13.9% for elemental carbon. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During the 2017 Xiamen BRICS summit, the chemical compositions (organics, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride) of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) were measured by an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). The field observation was conducted from 10 August to 30 September 2017 at the typical costal city Xiamen. Mean concentration of NR-PM1 was 17.56 µg m-3 with a range of 1.88 - 63.12 µg m-3. Organics was the most abundant component with a proportion of 43.15%, following by sulfate (34.44%), ammonium (12.73%), nitrate (9.00%), and chloride (0.68%). The concentrations of the NR-PM1 and its major chemical compositions reduced with the increasing of the control intensity and increased after the BRICS summit, which indicated to the significant effect of the control measures. Mass concentration of sulfate exceeded organics during the BRICS summit, which was different from other periods. Positive matrix factorization (PFM) analysis of organics obtained four components for organics, including HOA, BBOA, COA, and OOA. OOA account for 39.98% of the organic aerosols followed by COA (26.52%), BBOA (18.75%), and HOA (14.75%). The proportion OOA took increased obviously during the BRICS summit indicating to secondary formation enhanced. The episode (episode 1) observed in the early control period was contributed by organics and sulfate, while the other episode (episode 2) happened was mainly associated with organics and nitrate. A typhoon happened in the early control period, the high relative humidity after the typhoon promoted the heterogeneous reaction of secondary aerosols, which contributed a lot to the increasing of PM1 even under the control measures. The existence of nitrate can promote the formation of sulfate in episode 2. Regional transport and the formation of the secondary aerosols were the major contributors to episode 2. The result in this study helped to understand the formation mechanism and sources of submicron aerosol under the intense control measures and the normal status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]