1. Enhancing protein dynamics analysis with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol cross-linkers.
- Author
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Sun, Min, Chen, Jing, Zhao, Chang, Zhang, Lihua, Liu, Maili, Zhang, Yukui, Zhao, Qun, and Gong, Zhou
- Subjects
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POLYETHYLENE glycol , *PROTEIN analysis , *MASS spectrometry , *MITOGEN-activated protein kinase phosphatases , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance , *THERMODYNAMICS , *CALMODULIN - Abstract
Cross-linkers play a critical role in capturing protein dynamics in chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry techniques. Various types of cross-linkers with different backbone features are widely used in the study of proteins. However, it is still not clear how the cross-linkers' backbone affect their own structure and their interactions with proteins. In this study, we systematically characterized and compared methylene backbone and polyethylene glycol (PEG) backbone cross-linkers in terms of capturing protein structure and dynamics. The results indicate the cross-linker with PEG backbone have a better ability to capture the inter-domain dynamics of calmodulin, adenylate kinase, maltodextrin binding protein and dual-specificity protein phosphatase. We further conducted quantum chemical calculations and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to analyze thermodynamic and kinetic properties of PEG backbone and methylene backbone cross-linkers. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance was employed to validate the interaction interface between proteins and cross-linkers. Our findings suggest that the polarity distribution of PEG backbone enhances the accessibility of the cross-linker to the protein surface, facilitating the capture of sites located in dynamic regions. By comprehensively benchmarking with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS)/bis-sulfosuccinimidyl-suberate(BS3), bis-succinimidyl-(PEG)2 revealed superior advantages in protein dynamic conformation analysis in vitro and in vivo , enabling the capture of a greater number of cross-linking sites and better modeling of protein dynamics. Furthermore, our study provides valuable guidance for the development and application of PEG backbone cross-linkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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