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Contemporary Argentinian psychology has a unique characteristic: it is identified with psychoanalysis. Nonpsychoanalytic theories and therapies are difficult to find. In addition, there is an overt antiscientific attitude within many psychology programs. How should this be explained? In this paper, we claim that a philosophical history of psychology can shed new light on the development of Argentinian psychology by showing that early Argentinian psychoanalysts held positions in the newborn psychology programs and a distinctive stance toward scientific research in general and psychology in particular. In the absence of an explicit and articulate philosophical position, psychoanalysts developed an implicit meta‐theory that helped shape the context that led to the institutionalization and professionalization of psychology in Argentina. Although we do not establish or even suggest a monocausal link between their ideas and the current state of Argentinian psychology, we do claim that their impact should be explored. Finally, we discuss some limitations of our study and suggest future complementary investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the areas of technology and virtualization from provide online services in pandemic times there is a possibility psychology online acquiring services thinking that web sites are confidence for users and good quality. This paper proposes a number of indicators to websites evaluation that provide online services psychology in Latin American. Methodology: Whit experimental methodology were tracked 144 websites online services psychology assessing objectives variables with the purpose of factor analysis to the indicators building. Results: According the proposed indicators Brazil (...=2.00) is identified that scored best indicator, followed by Argentina (...=2.5), Chile (...=2.67) y Colombia (...=3.5); Integra Medical (Chile) (IMPOL=0.4629) get the better calification in Latin America, Discussion: Despite the pandemics conditions of the world actually, latent need the persons to access psychology online therapy, the web site aspects lacking to web quality with safety, accessibility and web positioning. Conclusions: Measurement indicator to psychology online (MIPOL) is a tool that permit to evaluate websites this category and detected strengths and weaknesses each web sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the reception of Vygotsky's work in Argentina during the 1960 decade until the beginnings of '70s in a disciplinary crossing with psychiatry, neurology, psychology, and pedagogy. All these disciplines placed the child as a study object in order to approach the neurological problems related to the language and the learning difficulties. This paper is focused on the analysis of Azcoaga's work within that period using the concept of reception formulated by Jauss (1981) that allows showing some of the first readings and conceptualizations done by Vygotsky. Some of Azcoaga's professional fields involved in Vygotsky's work reception, the predominant theoretical framework and the thinking traditions with those committed institutions in its reception are studied in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the development of the history of psychology in Argentina and Brazil, beginning with the emergence of the history of psychology at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper analyzes that such old historical reconstructions were written by the same authors or institutions that were introducing Psychology in the two countries. That is, the older historical productions in the field of psychology were Whig biased. An analysis of the last 30 years of history of psychology is also provided. The article describes institutional developments, including archives, journals, scientific meetings, and teaching of history of psychology in academic settings. Main groups devoted to history of psychology, both in Argentina and Brazil are described. Finally, it offers some thoughts on the future of history of psychology in the 2 countries. A comparative study between Argentina and Brazil allows to understand strengths and weakness related to institutionalization of History of Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deontology of psychology in Argentina appears when the profession consolidates institutionally and academically, a process that culminates in the enactment of professional laws. In this context, the professional associations of the different provinces enacted their ethic's codes, and in 1999 the National Ethics Code from the Federation of Psychologist of the Argentine Republic (Fe.P.R.A.) arises as an attempt to unify deontological criteria. After 14 years, a review of the code was carried out taking into consideration the advancement of the psychological science and profession in this country, in consonance with the laws of protection and promotion of rights, enacted in the last decade. Thus, this paper aims to describe the fundamentals of the code's revision and emphasise the main changes on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the following question: How can we advance in the knowledge of the past from the perspective of subjects? This presents an epistemological and methodological challenge posed to address forms of reasoning capable of involving the subject, secondly, distinguishing between what we call the "historical knowledge" as a heritage of the scholar, researcher, where the historical is placed between the facts of reality as an aspect of it, as an object; and the historical knowledge as a higher authority where the subject is incorporated as forgotten knowledge, and it is here where the social memory in the elaboration of history takes a different sense, because the social changes, the emergence of new actors and sensibilities and imaginary world involve transformations of the ways of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes very briefly on six decades of the history of psychology in the city of La Plata (Argentina), from the creation of the Pedagogic Department in the National University, in 1906, until the coup d'état of 1966, that put an end to the expansion of psychological studies that had started in 1958, after the creation of the psychology program. In that period, psychology would go through different phases, marked by oppositions such us “positivist naturalism"/ “anti-positivist humanism", “theoretical training" / “professional training", “scientific psychology" / “psychoanalytic psychology", etc. The goal of this work is to make an account of what happened at the time, giving as much importance to the individual actors as to the institutional and political factors that were present in the context. The methods are the traditional ones for history (mainly de gathering of oral, documentary and bibliographic sources. However, they have been interpreted from a critical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed the coping strategies and exam anxiety in 140 Psychology majors at the University of the Aconcagua, in the state of Mendoza. It also evaluated the differences and the relationship between these two variables according to gender, completed courses and academic year. Results showed that the coping strategies included the Search for Alternative Bonuses and Emotional Discharge; students also reported a low level of anxiety. Significant associations were found between these two variables, as well in relation to gender and the academic year. No significant results were found in the relationship with completed courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the literature on paediatric oncology treatment has provided descriptions of children's everyday lives that are circumscribed to periods of hospitalisation. In this paper, I argue that the political and economic context where children receive oncology treatment as well as the particular trajectories of their families influence their experiences. The narratives from children receiving treatment in three public hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina, were collected. Their stories indicate that issues such as the interruption of school, the separation of family members, the expenses incurred during treatment, and barriers to care influence the everyday lives of children and should be included in paediatric oncology research. © 2011 The Author(s). Children & Society © 2011 National Children's Bureau and Blackwell Publishing Limited [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the influence of alternative voting technologies on electoral outcomes in multi-party systems. Using data from a field experiment conducted during the 2005 legislative election in Argentina, we examine the role of information effects associated with alternative voting devices on the support for the competing parties. We find that differences in the type of information displayed and how it was presented across devices favored some parties to the detriment of others. The impact of voting technologies was found to be larger than in two-party systems, and could lead to changes in election results. We conclude that authorities in countries moving to adopt new voting systems should carefully take the potential partisan advantages induced by different technologies into account when evaluating their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based in the idea of State's obligation regarding the care and welfare of citizens. This is related to State's interests in ensuring adequate training and proper practice, aimed at safeguarding involved people and communities. From this perspective, two ways by which State controls training and practice of psychology in Argentina are described, an academic and a professional one. The academic way emphasizes the role of the State in relation to the professional laws, the creation of the professional associations, and the delegation of the control of professional practice of psychology, within the construction of their own ethical standards. The academic way is centered on the idea that the State also regulates the psychology establishing general guidelines for university education in this field through different kind of policy and academic proposals, such as curriculum and curriculum content. This frame is related to social responsibility of psychology and to a State's role which does not ignore citizens' welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest empirical research and their theoretical paradigms in contemporary social psychology on ideology of inequality are analyzed. It describes the concepts and research advances of Social Dominance model, Just World and System Justification and their development in Latin America and Spain. From the review the paper suggests new lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the construction of government on the part of local Argentinean mayors analyzing two fundamental and underlying aspects that are core into the shaping of these coalitions: the agenda mayors design and the different alliances they create with different local agents. The analysis will be descriptive and is based on the empirical data obtained from the FAUI survey conducted to Argentinean mayors living in populations of more than ten thousand inhabitants, all of this framed under the International Research Project "Bienestar y Sociedad Política Local" directed by Dr. Clemente Navarro Yañez from the University Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain and coordinated in Argentina by the Research Project "Régimen Político y Cultura Política" directed by Mg. M. Gloria Trocello from Universidad Nacional de San Luis. This project is financed by Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional. To describe the agenda formulated by the mayors the expenses preferences are operationalized on different political areas. To identify the alliance with different actors the degree of the answer given by the mayor to the demands of the different groups in relation to the expenses is operationalized. The analysis is made under the frame of the research agenda proposed by the Nueva Cultura Política and considering the context of local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous authors have pointed out the importance of recuperating and giving its due worth to peasant and aboriginal knowledge when rural development initiatives emerge. Nevertheless the problem area related to the local knowledge concept continues presenting some dark points. Therefore, with the purpose of contributing to the topic, this paper analyzes local knowledge dynamics, particularly its value increase and reconfiguration based on the involvement of technical advancement and scientific knowledge. Keeping in mind the said purpose, this article presents the results of a research curried out in a peasant community of the Northeastern part of Argentina, where small producers' knowledge and lack of it were studied, as well as local knowledge invention, circulation, and consolidation processes from a historical perspective. Thus the dynamics involved are conceptualized with the support of frames of reference originated in social psychology, and a comprehensive model destined to describe and explain communal processes for inventing knowledge and the relationship between local knowledge and scientific knowledge has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the historical and epistemological foundations of the publications edited by the Instituto de Psicología Experimental (Institute of Experimental Psychology) of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina) are analyzed. The study is based on the production of its Senior Director, Doctor Horacio Rimoldi. Rimoldi's scientific conceptions were influenced by sciences such as biology, psychology and mathematics, which he had learnt both in his medical profession and in his later studies in England in experimental psychology and factorial analysis. His main publications covered both applied psychology in industrial-organizational and in educational settings as well as research works on psychometric deficits. In this paper, his works are analyzed by a strict methodology based on very original and complex correlation measurements and factorial analysis. He also related the data to personal information such as age and gender, and affective troubles. In his publications, the educational variable has been a predominant factor when correlating and interpreting the differences in academic performance between the populations of the tests (mostly Anglo-Saxon countries and Argentina). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowne and Marlowe (1960) developed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) that is a widely used scale to measure social desirability defined as "the need of subjects to obtain approval by responding in a culturally appropriate and acceptable manner" (p. 353). Several studies from Psychology and Medicine areas have included the MCSDS. The MCSDS is used both to asses and to control for response bias in a socially desirable manner as well as to measure psychological concepts, such as defensiveness or need for approval. Moreover, the MCSDS is the standard measurement to categorize the four coping styles from Weinberger, Schwartz, and Davidson model (1979). Since the MCSDS first appeared, investigators have proposed several changes such as, short forms, computerized administrations, translations and adaptations to diverse cultures. In this study of development of the Escala de Deseabilidad Social de Crowne y Marlowe (EDSCM) is described. The EDSCM Scale is an adaptation to the Argentinian culture of the original MCSDS full scale with a paper-and-pencil administration form. A pilot study with a sample of Psychology student volunteers was conducted to adapt the MCSDS to Argentinian culture. One hundred nineteen Psychology college students (93 women and 26 men (M = 28 years; SD = 9.6) from two universities of the Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (Republica Argentina) volunteered to participate in reliability and validity studies of the EDSCM Scale. The student sample participants completed the EDSCM, the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDIII), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). For this student sample, the EDSCM scores ranged from 0 to 27, with a mean of 14.13 (SD = 4.99). EDSCM scores were normally distributed with no outlier values. The internal scale reliability of the EDS CM measured with Cronbach's alpha was .76. No statistically significant mean difference between sexes was found for the EDSCM Scale. A statistically significant association between the L Scale of EPQ and the EDSCM, with a large correlation effect size, provided convergent validity evidence for the EDSCM Scale. With regard to the divergent validity of the EDSCM Scale, a small to medium correlation effect size between the BDI-II and the EDSCM provided evidence that the EDSCM is a social desirability scale independent from Psychopathology. A sub-sample of students (n = 52) who previously completed the EDSCM Scale, completed the EDSCM again with instructions to imagine being in a hiring process. Comparing the normal (M = 15.94; SD = 4.81) and the differential instruction condition (M = 28.67; SD = 4.67) a statistically significant increase in the EDSCM scores was detected. To provide known-groups validity, the EDSCM scores derived from an adult sample were compared with the EDSCM scores derived from an applicant sample. The adult sample included 120 participants (73 women and 47 men; M = 35.6 years; SD = 15.9) and the applicant sample included 134 people (61 women and 73 men; M = 28.9 years, SD = 3.4). Both for the adult sample and the applicant sample, there was not statistically significant sex difference for the EDSCM Scale. The applicant condition (M = 23.66; SD = 5.37; α = .75) showed statistically significant higher EDSCM scores than the normal condition (M = 16.09; SD = 5.18; α = .84). In this article, the validity and reliability of the EDSCM Scale have been analyzed, as indicated by the study of convergent and divergent validities, differential instructions technique, and known-groups technique, as well as internal consistency analyses. All considered, the findings presented appropriate psychometric properties of the Argentinian culture adaptation of the MCSDS. The use of EDSCM Scale is suggested for researches related to Psychology and Medicine areas in Argentinian samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents and educators alike are concerned as a result of a significant increase in aggressive behaviors in school. Disruptive behaviors in children, which can go from making fun and bullying a classmate to real criminal behavior, make academic learning processes more difficult (Marín Sanchez, 2002). Apparently, it seems more difficult for children to control their impulses and regain calmness after an event of frustration or offense. This paper suggests an intervention model that includes both cognitive and behavioral procedures, so as to prevent aggressive behavior and foster calmness in a group of 6 to 7-year old school children. In order to assess the effectiveness of the model proposed, a pilot study was applied to the totality (N = 40) of children attending grades first and second of a elementary school included in the Federal Plan for 1,000 Schools in poverty level, in the Province of Entre Ríos (República Argentina). Personal interviews were carried out before and after the intervention so as to assess whether before a stressful event children had developed the ability of relaxing through their use of an adaptive strategy or, on the contrary, showed hasty reactions, as evidence of lack of control in their impulses and emotions. The intervention strategies were implemented within the classroom. Their teachers acted as overseers and qualified professionals acted as observers, writing down the students' difficulties and achievements, so as to make adjustments in the program according to the needs of every group. Both professionals had been previously trained in both the theoretical and practical aspects of intervention. The program included six 45-minute sessions. Both cognitive and behavioral procedures were used. Strategies of intervention included, among others, modeling, positive reinforcing, mental and physical relaxation techniques, breathing training, behavioral practice, cost-benefits analysis, search for alternatives, self-referential techniques, narrations, and planned games. Every session was closed with a generalization assignment, in order to transfer what had been learnt to other significant contexts (home, neighborhood, etc.). A content analysis was made to analyze the discourse findings collected at the time of the interviews and quantitative tests were applied in order to find out whether changes in behavior had been produced after the intervention. Results show a significant reduction in disruptive behaviors after applying the relaxation model and a progressive acquisition of more adapted answers in interpersonal stress events (V = .37; p = .002). The first assessment showed near 20 percent of clearly violent reactions as a means of solving problems or relieving tensions ("I punch him", "I hit the wall", "I kick him back", etc.); in the second assessment, however, it went down to 11 percent. On the other hand, in the first assessment not a single child mentioned specific attempts of relaxing or calming down before answering to an insult or an aggression episode, but in the second one, 43 percent of answers included this category ("I breathe deeply", "I count up to three first", etc.). Moreover, it was encouraging to find that some children not only made good use of the techniques suggested by the team, but also developed the ability of thinking in new ways of relaxing, which were applied according to their own needs and preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the type of social support perceived by the older adult and the satisfaction with it, in relation with their psychological well-being. For this purpose the following instruments were selected: 1)Diaz Veigas's Inventory of Social resources for older adults which was used to asses the satisfaction with the perceived social support. 2) The psychological well-being index structured by Stefani (2002). At the moment these instruments were administrated to 150 elders who are part of the sample. The subjects were male and females middle class older adults, residents of Buenos Aires city and it outskirts. Discussion: The data of this investigation coincide with other studies and add empirical evidence with relation to the role played the satisfaction with the perceived support in the perception of the state of health and the psychological well-being of the aged person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, the relationship between perceived tenure security and housing improvement in informal neighbourhoods is examined drawing from a case in Buenos Aires, Argentina. A perspective based on recent insights from social psychological research on judgment and decision making under uncertainty is introduced to operationalize the concept of perceived tenure security and to establish the nature and strength of its frequently assumed relationship with investment behaviour. Following these insights, perceived tenure security is shown to be composed of both the perceived probability of eviction (a thinking state) and the fear of eviction (a feeling state), which are related but separate variables. The results show that perceived tenure security is an important individual variable influencing housing improvement, with fear of eviction being a more important determinant than perceived probability of eviction. These results have important consequences for the future study of tenure security and can also have policy implications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper deals with the current proposals about ethical education in psychology undergraduate programs within Mercosur regional context, particularly in Argentina. The organisation processes carried out by the psychology professional community of Mercosur is analyzed. As a consequence of it, the Psychologists' Committee of Mercosur and Associated Countries was founded with the main objective of establishing common standards for psychology undergraduate education and the ethical framework for the regulation of the profession. With respect to Argentina, the processes generated by the psychology academic community are analyzed. With the creation of the Association of Psychology Academic Units and the cooperation of the Federation of Argentinean Psychologists (Fe-PRA), the psychological community has put forward a threefold proposal: i) Activities related to the Professional Degree, ii) the Direct Risk involved in an unethical practice, and iii) the Curricular Contents that should be taught at university. Ethical and deontological contents are included in all the mentioned activities. Finally, it is worth noting the importance of the developments related to professional ethics and deontology taking place in Mercosur context as well as in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents preliminary results of a research framed into the Positive Psychology paradigm. It was developed on age a sample composed of 1100 adults of both sexes, between 30 and 59 years old (X̅ age= 44.89; s.d.= 7.74; 55% males, 45% females), from Buenos Aires, Argentina. A scale especially designed (Casullo, 2005), asking about which notes are distinguished in a wise person, was applied. Significant differences by sex, age and educational level are analyzed, as well as the most frequent responses given by the examinees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses a series of representations of work during job searching in young people in La Pampa. Job seeking is signified differently in view of diverse factors such as age, gender, education, and family background, among others, but most of the young persons under analysis share representations of work connected to instability, permanent risk, competition, individuality and survival. Such a situation has encouraged the researcher to explore the issues involved in the construction of these generalized social representations with the rigour and the degree of specialization the matter deserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta una conferencia sobre la enseñanza de la psicología en las universidades públicas de Argentina, presentada en el Quinto Congreso Multidisciplinario de Salud Comunitaria del Mercosur, celebrado en San Luis, Argentina, en septiembre de 2010. El autor discute el concepto de psicología política, así como la psicología como objeto de investigación. El autor concluye que existe una desvinculación de la enseñanza de la psicología con la realidad social que le rodea.