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Considering the convenience of pedestrian transfer, reasonable structural stress and beautiful shape design, most subway stations adopt symmetrical design. At present, the new subway station is developing in the direction of a multidimensional space, as well as a large scale, and complex structure. Tunnel construction also presents unpredictability, coupling amplification and high risks. For example, a subway extension project involves construction, which would affect the normal use of the subway or damage its structure. Based on excavation of the largest underground subway station under construction in China, the Erligou station extension project (line 16 of Beijing Metro), and using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, monitoring data, and other research methods, this paper quantitatively analyzes the risk of a large space station's construction process on the adjacent existing station structure and track, as well as highlights key, high-risk sub-projects, or construction steps, combined with specific engineering measures to ensure safety during construction of a new station. The general rules concerning large space subway station construction are further summarized to provide reference for similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]