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We classify the main variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus representing a given biological sequence coded as a symbolic digital sequence and by its evolution by a cellular automata with a properly chosen rule. The spike protein, common to all variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is then by the picture of the cellular automaton evolution yielding a visible representation of important features of the protein. We use information theory Hamming distance between different stages of the evolution of the cellular automaton for seven variants relative to the original Wuhan/China virus. We show that our approach allows to classify and group variants with common ancestors and same mutations. Although being a simpler method, it can be used as an alternative for building phylogenetic trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fusarium graminearum virus China 9 (FgV-ch9) is a member of the genus Betachrysovirus in the Chrysoviridae family and causes hypovirulence in its host, Fusarium graminearum , the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. Although insights into viral biology of FgV-ch9 have expanded in recent years, questions regarding the function of virus-encoded proteins, cis-acting elements, and virus transmission are yet to be answered. Therefore, we developed a tool for the establishment of an artificial 6th segment of FgV-ch9, which encodes a GFP gene flanked by the non-translated regions of FgV-ch9 segment 1. Subsequently, we have proved successful encapsidation of this artificial segment into virus particles as well as its horizontal transmission. Expression of GFP was further verified via immunoassay and life cell imaging. Thus far, we were able to establish for the first time a mini-replicon system for segmented dsRNA viruses replicating in fungi. • An artificial virus transcript is converted to dsRNA by the chrysovirus FgV-ch9. • The artificial dsRNA segment is encapsidated into virus particles. • The artificial dsRNA is horizontally transmitted. • The artificial dsRNA is suitable for subcellular localization studies. • The artificial dsRNA is suitable for the investigation of cis -acting elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel chemosensor (named L1) for Fe3+ based on the rhodamine 6G and o-vanillin has been synthesized, which can selectively recognize Fe3+. The L1 solution showed a distinguishable colour change by naked eye, and the fluorescence turns on response after the addition of Fe3+. In addition, the experimental results showed that the spirocyclic of L1 was opened by cooperation between L1 and Fe3+, and then the fluorescence emission after excitation of the mixture solution was detected with the change in solution colour. The complexation coefficient of L1 towards Fe3+ was 1:1. Furthermore, L1 for Fe3+ sensing had a remarkable low detection limit of 427 nM (UV) and 130 nM (fluorescence), which is far below the drinking water standards (0.3 mg/L) of China. Meanwhile, the in vivo imaging and cell viability assay experiments demonstrated that L1 could be used for sensing Fe3+ in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]