Search

[Objectives] After being infected by pathogens or pests, citrus leaves can lead to abnormal growth and development, reduced yield, and even death of citrus trees. Early detection of citrus leaf diseases and pests can effectively allow for preventive measures to reduce losses [Methods] In the actual detection process, the YOLOv5s model had problems such as inaccurate positioning and complex background. Inspired by the VAN(visual attention network)model, the LKA(large kernel attention)module was introduced to improve the YOLOv5s model. The improved YOLOv5s model could achieve centralized attention and fine extraction of image information; replacing conventional up sampling methods with CARAFE lightweight operators could improve feature reconstruction quality, solve scale mismatch problems, and enhance detection performance; using the FReLU activation function could capture more key features of citrus pests and diseases, improving detection accuracy. In addition, a dataset of citrus leaves containing anthracnose, ulcer disease, and infestation by leaf miner pests was constructed for experimentation. [Results] The improved model YOLOv5-LC showed the detection results of citrus pests and diseases as follows: the average detection accuracy mAP50 reached 94.5% and mAP50:95 was 84.3%, which were 2.0% and 4.4% higher than the original model, and the model size was only 7.3 MB, with 93.8% accuracy and 84.5% recall, and the number of floating-point operations was only 18.5 G. [Conclusions] The improved model YOLOv5-LC could more accurately detect citrus pests and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of galangin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS )-induced autophagy and apoptosis of rat articular chondrocytes by regulating the silent information regulator 1（SIRT1 )/adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK )/mammalian target of rapamycin (m TOR ) signaling pathway. Methods Rat articular chondrocytes were grouped into control group, model group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS),low concentration galangin group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS+10μmol·L-1 galangin),medium concentration galangin group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS+20μmol·L-1 galangin),high concentration galangin group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS+40μmol·L-1 galangin),high concentration galangin+EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor ) group (1.0μg·m L-1 LPS+40μmol·L-1 galangin+40μmol·L-1 EX527).Apoptosis of articular chondrocyte was detected by flow cytometry. Monodan sylcadaverine（MDC ) staining was applied to observe autophagy of articular chondrocytes. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect the levels of interleukin (IL )-1β,tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α ),and IL-6 in cells. Western Blot was applied to detect the expression of Beclin, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3 )Ⅱ/Ⅰ，B lymphoblastoma-2-associated X protein (Bax ),B lymphoblastoma-2 (Bcl-2 ),SIRT1,AMPK,phosphorylated (p )-AMPK, m TOR, and p-m TOR. Results Compared with the control group, the proportion of MDC positive cells, protein expression of Beclin,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ，Bcl-2 and SIRT1,as well as p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in the model group decreased (P＜0.05 ),while the apoptosis rate, levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6,Bax protein expression, and p-m TOR/m TOR ratio increased (P＜0.05 ).Compared with the model group, the proportion of MDC positive cells, protein expression of Beclin,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ，Bcl-2 and SIRT1,as well as p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in the low-,medium-,and high-concentration galangin groups all increased (P＜0.05 ),but the apoptosis rate, levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6,Bax protein expression, and p-m TOR/m TOR ratio decreased（P＜0.05 ).Compared with the high concentration galangin group, the proportion of MDC positive cells, protein expression of Beclin,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ，Bcl-2 and SIRT1,and p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in the high concentration galangin+EX527 group reduced obviously (P＜0.05 ),while the apoptosis rate, levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6,Bax protein expression, and p-m TOR/m TOR ratio increased obviously (P＜0.05 ).Conclusion Galangin promotes LPS-induced autophagy and inhibits apoptosis in articular chondrocytes, possibly by activating the SIRT1/AMPK/m TOR signaling pathway to exert its effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of Polydopamine (PDA) compound coating on the bonding strength of zirconia and self - bonding resin cement 3M ESPE Rely X™ U200 and the change of bonding strength after aging test. Methods Zirconia specimens were treated with three different surface treatments: "sandblasting," "sandblasting + silanization," and "sandblasting + PDA composite coating." These treated zirconia specimens were then bonded to resin blocks using 3M U200. The samples were divided into three groups for immediate shear bond strength testing, thermocycling aging, and pH cycling aging followed by shear bond strength testing. Statistical analysis was performed on the bonding strength data of each group. Results The "sandblasting + silanization" group showed the highest bonding strength between zirconia and resin, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) The "sandblasting + PDA composite coating" group had slightly higher bonding strength than the "sandblasting" group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) After aging tests, all surface treatment groups experienced a significant reduction in bonding strength (P < 0.05) The "sandblasting + PDA composite coating" group exhibited the greatest decrease in bonding strength, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) The decrease in bonding strength for the " sandblasting + silanization" group was slightly higher than that of the "sandblasting" group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) Conclusion The PDA composite coating did not effectively enhance the bonding strength between zirconia and resin cement. Its bonding strength and stability after aging were inferior to those of the silanization coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effect of triptolide （TPL） on bleomycin （BLM）-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis involved in the TPL-derived improvement of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Specific pathogen-free（ SPF） mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, model group （BLM treatment） and experimental group （BLM+TPL treatment）, with 10 mice in each group. At Day 0, the model mice and the experimental mice were intratracheally perfused with BLM （50 μL, 5 mg/kg）, while the control mice were perfused with saline buffer. From Day 1, the mice in experimental group were administrated orally with TPL suspension （200 μL, 0. 25 mg/kg）, once per 3 d with continuous 7 times. The mice in control group and model group received the same volume of saline. The pulmonary fibrosis and cell apoptosis in lung tissues were detected using Masson staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. Furthermore, cell viability and apoptosis in vitro were examined by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry as well as live/dead cell staining. Cellular lipid peroxidation was detected by immunofluorescence. Finally, Western blot was performed to detect the expression of target proteins in lung tissues and cells. RESULTS: Treatment with TPL significantly reduced the fibrosis in lung tissues of BLM-induced mice （P<0. 01） via down-regulation of collagen type I（ Col I） and α-smooth muscle actin（ α-SMA） expression（ P<0. 05）. Simultaneously, TPL treatment significantly increased the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4（ GPX4） and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1（ FSP1） and reduced transferrin receptor 1 （TfR1） expression （P<0. 05）, thus inhibiting BLM-induced ferroptosis and reducing the apoptosis （P< 0. 01）. Clearly, TPL treatment inhibited BLM-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells（ P<0. 01）. Further studies indicated that TPL treatment not only attenuated cellular lipid peroxidation （P<0. 01）, but also improved the expression of GPX4 and FSP1 （P<0. 01） and down-regulated TfR1 expression （P<0. 05） in BLM-induced alveolar epithelial cells in vitro, contributing to the reduction of BLM-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ferroptosis. CONCLUSION: Triptolide could inhibit BLM-induced ferroptosis and improve the viability of pulmonary cells, thereby attenuating the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Together, these data provide theoretical support for the clinical application of TPL in the treatment of pulmonary interstitial diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effects of sevoflurane inhalation maintenance general anesthesia combine with dexmedetomidine on recovery quality, inflammatory mediators and serum neuronspecific enolase (NSE), S-100 β protein in elderly patients with humeral fractures. Methods: 60 elderly patients with humeral fractures who were admitted to Shanghai First People’s Hospital from January 2020 to November 2022 were selected, and they were divided into control group (inhalation of sevoflurane maintenance general anesthesia, n=30) and study group (n=30, combined with dexmedetomidine for anesthesia maintenance on the basis of control group) according to random number table method. The recovery quality, analgesia situation, inflammatory mediators, cognitive function, serum NSE, S-100β protein levels and the incidence of adverse reaction were compared between two groups. Results: Compared with control group, study group had shorter extubation time, recovery time, and resuscitation room stay time (P＜0.05). Compared with control group,study group had lower pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores 6 h after surgery, 12 h after surgery, and 24 h after surgery (P＜0.05).Compared with control group, study group had lower tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) 1 d after surgery (P＜0.05). Compared with control group, study group had higher mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores 1 d after surgery, while had lower NSE and S-100β (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Sevoflurane inhalation maintenance general anesthesia combine with dexmedetomidine in the treatment in elderly patients with humeral fractures, which has a good analgesic effect, can reduce inflammatory stimulation, reduce cognitive function impairment, reduce the NSE, S-100β protein levels, and improve recovery quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion of a new type of porous non-metallic barrier explosion-proof material based on polypropylene (PP) and its influence on the properties of methanol gasoline oil were investigated after immersion in M45 methanol gasoline for a period of time. The material was sealed and soaked in M45 methanol gasoline by immersion method, then keep the material in constant temperature water bath at 70 ℃ for 16 weeks. The weight loss of the material was investigated by weighing regularly, the acid value and octane number of M45 methanol gasoline before and after the test were tested and analyzed by GC-MS, and the important parameters such as gum and induction period were determined to evaluate the influence of materials on the quality of oil. The results showed that the polypropylene barrier explosion-proof material has limited swelling in M45 methanol gasoline and slightly corroded after absorbing gasoline; The acid value and color of M45 methanol gasoline changed significantly, however the induction period, gum and mechanical impurities changed little. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the silencing efficiency of different virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) systems in cotton. [Method] In this study, the kanamycin-resistant gene nptⅡ driven by the 35S promoter was used as the target gene. The RNA virus vector TRV and the DNA virus vector CLCrV were used to construct a gene silencing vector to study the gene silencing efficiency of these two sets of VIGS systems in cotton And the duration of silence. [Results] The TRV system has higher silencing efficiency than the CLCrV system, and the TRV system has a shorter silence duration than the CLCrV system. The CLCrV system can play a silent role in the reproductive organs such as cotton buds, flowers, and anthers. [Conclusion] The TRV virus silencing system is mainly suitable for short-term cotton endogenous gene silencing, and the CLCrV virus silencing system is suitable for studying the gene functions related to reproductive growth in the late stage of cotton growth and development. This study provides a reference for selecting a suitable VIGS system for cotton, which is of great significance to the study of cotton gene function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on membranous nephropathy and to study its mechanism. Methods: 98 patients with membranous nephropathy who were treated in our hospital from December 2015 to December 2019 were selected, and they were divided into study group and control group (49 patients in each group) according to the random number table method. The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment, and the study group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the control group. Compare the treatment effectiveness of the two groups, measure and compare IgA, IgG, IgM, UAER, Alb, BUN, Scr and other indicators before and after treatment, and compare the safety. Results: (1) The treatment efficiency of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (95.92 % vs. 81.63 %, P<0.05). (2) The levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The above indicators in the study group were better than those in the control group after intervention (P<0.05). (3) The levels of UAER, Alb, BUN and Scr in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The above indicators in the study group were better than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). (4) The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The integrated Chinese and western medicine therapy has a good therapeutic effect on membranous nephropathy, which can significantly improve the immune function and liver and kidney function of patients, and can also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the intervention effect of serum containing Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi capsule (FTZ) on palmitic acid (PA) -induced damage to islet β cells in rats. Methods Rat islet β cells INS-1 were cultured and randomly divided into the blank control group, bovine serum albumin (BSA) control group, PA group, and experimental group, respectively. Cells in all groups were cultured in RPMI1640 complete medium, with the BSA control group receiving 1% BSA in the culture medium, the PA group and experimental group receiving 0. 5 mmol/L PA solution, and the experimental group additionally receiving 10% FTZ-containing serum. After treatment, cells were cultured for 24 h. West‐ ern blotting was used to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein (CHOP) and autophagy-relat‐ ed proteins (ATG5, BECLIN1) in cells, while real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect CHOP, ATG5, and BECLIN1 mRNA. The DCFH-DA reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence probe was used to detect ROS in cells. Results The protein and mRNA expression levels of CHOP and ROS content in the PA group were higher than those in the blank control group and BSA control group, while the protein and mRNA levels of CHOP, and ROS content in the experimental group were lower than those in the PA group (all P<0. 05). The ATG5 and BECLIN1 protein and mRNA expression levels in the PA group were lower than those in the blank control group and BSA control group, while the ATG5 and BE‐ CLIN1 protein and mRNA expression levels in the experimental group were higher than those in the PA group (all P< 0. 05). Conclusion FTZ can reduce oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, enhance autophagy, and thus reduce the PA-induced damage to islet β cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of action of retention enema Qing Yi Decoction combined with ERCP in the treatment of acute cholinergic pancreatitis. Methods: 97 cases of patients with acute cholinergic pancreatitis from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2017 in our hospital were selected and divided into the control group (ERCP, 46 cases) and the observation group (retention enema Qing Yi Decoction combined with ERCP, 53 cases) according to different treatment methods. The clinical efficacy of TCM between the two groups were observed and compared. The levels of serum TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, amylase, abdominal pain relief time, average hospitalization time and average hospitalization cost were observed and compared before and at 12 h, 24 h, 7 days after treatment. Results: After treatment, the cure rate and markedly effective ratio of observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the levels of serum TNF-α, CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the average hospitalization expense between the two groups (P>0.05); the abdominal pain relief time and the average hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the serumamylase levels of both groups at 12 h, 24 h and 3 d after treatment were significantly decreased, and the serum amylase levels of observation group at 12 h and 24 h after treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Retention enema Qing Yi Decoction combined with ERCP treatment could significantly improve the heal and efficacy rate of acute cholinergic pancreatitis, and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of serum TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and amylase levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising cost of health care has raised concerns about the provision of “ineffective care,” “inefficient care,” and “unwanted care” in many countries. “Low-value care” has received attention because it can increase the cost of health care, cause physical and mental harm to patients, including iatrogenic harm, and reduce the availability of high-value health care services. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of low-value care can, therefore, reduce the incidence of unnecessary treatments and their accompanying costs. This paper reviews the contexts in which low-value care occurs and investigates the manner in which clinicians, patients, and health care systems contribute to the prevalence of low-value care. This paper also discusses the effect of low-value care on patients and health care providers. Finally, we summarize the current status of policies and interventions aimed to curb the provision of low-value care in several countries to illuminate potential targets for policy interventions and solutions to reduce the provision of lowvalue care in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cell therapy, recombinant proteins and biomacromolecule preparations have been widely used in clinical practice; however, transplant rejections caused by xenogeneic proteins limit the safe and reusable use of such macromolecules. OBJECTIVE: To review the immunocamouflage mechanism of polyethylene glycol and the current application in the modification of macromolecules or biological vectors. METHODS: The authors retrieved articles about the immune camouflage of polyethylene glycol in WanFang, VIP and PubMed databases by the keywords as follows: “polyethylene glycol; immunocamouflage or immune camouflage; transplantation, and rejection” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polyethylene glycol produces an immune camouflage by forming a stereoscopic charge barrier. The pegylation on the cell surface inhibits the adhesion, recognition and immune pathway involved in the heterogeneous recognition, which can interfere with many aspects of the immune response. The pegylated erythrocytes, islet cells, and lymphocytes show a decrease in the immunogenicity and a prolonged survival after allogeneic or xenotransplantation. Some factors including concentration, molecular weight, modification time, pH value can affect the immune camouflage of polyethylene glycol. The anti-PEG antibody and its effects need to be further elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effect of shenfukang capsule combined with sodium ferulate on the inflammatory factors and immune function of patients with chronic glomemlonephritis. Methods: 78 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis who admitted in our hospital from February 2015 to January 2016 were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number method. The control group was treated with sodium ferulate, and the treatment group was treated with Shenfukang capsule combined with sodium ferulate. The clinical curative effect, serum inflammatory factors levels and immune function before and after treatment were compared between two groups. Results: After treatment, the total clinical efficacy of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜0.05). The serum serum levels of IL-6 observation group, TNF-α and hs-CRP, CD8 in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, which were significantly lower in the observation group than those of the control group (P ＜0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3, CD4 and CD4 / CD8 in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P ＜0.05), which were significantly higher in the observation group than those of the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion: Shenfukang capsule combined with sodium ferulate could effectively relieve the inflammatory response and improve the immune function with good clinical curative effect in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There are a lot of studies on isolation and culture methods of human placental chorionic-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hpcMSCs), but how to simply and efficiently harvest a large amount of primary MSCs has not been resolved. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the tissue explants method of isolating and culturing hpcMSCs in vitro. METHODS: Human placental chorionic villi were collected from full-term deliveries under aseptic condition and isolated by electric homogenizer. hpcMSCs were prepared by tissue explants method. The fluid and tissue of the primary culture flask and douching normal saline of the initial culture were centrifuged and prepared for secondary culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It saved time and effort to treat human placental chorionic villi with electric homogenizer, with good effects on tissue dispersion and removal of red blood cells. The average time of cell acquisition in initial culture and secondary culture was (17.73±1.14) and (10.03±1.30) days, respectively. The yields of primary cultured cells in initial culture and secondary culture were (6.97±0.98)×105 and (13.82±1.44)×105 per Φ100 mm culture dish, respectively. The adherent cells showed fibroblast-cell-like shape, which were in parallel or circinate arrangement. Highly expressed CD73, CD105 and CD90 could be detected in the third generation of hpcMSCs, but CD34, CD45, CD14, CD19 and HLA-DR were negative. Following induction, alizarin red staining and oil red O staining produced a strong reaction in cells. In a word, the optimized method is a simple and efficient method for obtaining a large amount of primary hpcMSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge transfer in Industrial Technology Innovation Alliance is a very complex system. Many researchers mainly from the perspective of time and space have conducted knowledge transfer between members of the alliance, and have obtained a lot of knowledge. But there must be more rules and mechanisms about the knowledge transfer behavior among union members are still unknown. In this paper, a new perspective is taken to build a coalition of knowledge transfer choice pairing model, and is used to explain the choice of partners among the members of alliance mutually, and conduct this matching issues. Firstly, we propose rules for model, rigorous mathematical derivation, accurate analytical formulas then are derived model ； Secondly, the several analytical formulas are simplified, and are validated by simulation; Finally, a comparative analysis of simulation data is carried out to verify the scientific and practical value of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of internet, copyright protection of digital products is facing a historic challenge, the solution to which plays a crucial role in the development of copyright industry. To effectively protect the product copyright in digital network environment, we design a digital product copyright protection scheme. Every digital product gets a Digital Copyright Identitier (DCI) on the digital product copyright register platform, which can identify their copyright. Extracting DCI codes from the products by aspecific watermark detection algorithm can get the copyright of the digital producst, which helps verify the copyright authentidty of the products and lay a foundation for detection, tracking, forenslcs, and preserving digital products' copyright. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective］ To investigate the characteristics of soil disintegration under different vegetation restoration measures in degraded land of Pinus massoniana, compare the improvement of soil disintegration in severely degraded F. massoniana land in granite red soil area of Southern China by different vegetation restoration measures, and reveal the interactions between the influencing factors of soil disintegration in granite red soil area in Southern China. Methods］ Tn this study, a severely degraded land of F. massoniana in Changting County was selected as the research area, and a degraded land of F. massoniana was used as the control group (CK). Three vegetation restoration measures, including closure management (El), whole slope sowing grass (E2) and tree-shrub-grass ditch model (E3), were set as the experimental groups. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and path analysis were used to study the disintegration of surface soil in four plots. Results] (1) There were significant differences in soil anti-erodibility under each measure. Compared with CK, the soil disintegration coefficient of El, E2 and E3 measures decreased by 16.3%, 52.5% and 67.2%, respectively. The tree-shrub-grass furrow model (E3) was more suitable for the treatment of severely degraded F. massoniana land. (2) Soil organic carbon content, total phosphorus content, available phosphorus content, total potassium content, available potassium content, water content and aggregate characteristics were the main influencing factors of soil disintegration. (3) Among various factors affecting soil disintegration, soil geometric mean diameter (GMT)) was the main direct influencing factor and played a dominant controlling role. Conclusion] The size of soil disintegration characteristics under different vegetation restoration measures follows the order of CK El: A E2 > E3. The soil disintegration characteristics can be maintained at a low level by adopting the tref-shrub-grass furrow management measure. This measure is more effective for soil and water loss control in severely degraded F. massoniana forest in granite red soil area. Soil geometric mean diameter (GMT)) is a direct control factor affecting soil disintegration characteristics, and can be used as a preferred index to evaluate soil disintegration characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 探讨用胰岛素严格控制血糖对ICU脓毒血症患者的影响。 方法 将2014年1月至2015年1月该院收治的63例脓毒血症患者随机分为强化治疗组（32例）和常规治疗组（31例）。两组患者均根据药敏结果选用抗生素，强化治疗组在此基础上给予胰岛素强化控制血糖。观察两组患者住院期间病死率、ICU住院时间、白细胞异常时间、发热时间及抗生素使用时间并进行比较。 结果 与常规治疗组比较，胰岛素强化治疗组患者住院期间病死率降低，ICU住院时间、白细胞异常时间、发热时间及抗生素使用时间显著缩短，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 胰岛素强化治疗能加快患者的恢复，对于ICU脓毒血症患者严格控制血糖是必要的。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to fully grasp the status and development trend of patent technology of LNG heat exchanger, based on Patsnap patent data, the patent application trend of global LNG heat exchanger technology, the distribution of source and destination countries, and the pattern of patent technology from 1987 to 2017 were searched and analyzed. It is found that: ( 1 ) Japan, France, the United States, Sweden, Denmark, Canada and other countries have strong technical reserves in this field; (2) China has become the world's largest target area for patent distribution in the field of LNG heat exchangers; (3) China has more patent reserves in the field of LNG heat exchanger microchannel forming technology, but there is still much room for improvement in the field of welding process and overall structure technology, and the market prospect is broad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate and analyze the level of homocysteine (Hey) in Tibet and to analyze the differences of Hey level in different altitude regions, genders and ages, and thus to provide the prevalence profile of hyperhomocysteine and the differences in relevant tests between HHcy (hyperhomocysteinemia) and non-HHcy populations. Methods Totally 1 615(male n=585) subjects were selected from Ngari, Lhasa, Shigatse and Nyingchi plateau areas of Tibet by stratified cluster sampling. Serum Hey level was analyzed and the difference of Hey level in populations located at different altitude plateau areas, gender groups were found. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteine and related test were analyzed. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare Hey levels in different altitudes, genders and age groups, and Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare HHey prevalence. Variance analysis was used for the differences of different test indicators between non-HHey and HHey populations. Results The level of Hey in different regions and different genders were statistically significant, which was higher in males than that in females, and higher in Lhasa and Shigatse than in Nyingchi and Ngari. There was difference in serum HHcy prevalence among dif- ferent genders, regions and age groups. Males showed a higher level than females, people from Lhasa and Shigatse showed a higher level than those from Nyingchi and Ngari. Conclusions The incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia in Tibet is statistically significant in different areas, different genders and different age groups. So this study provides a scientific basis for the rational use of Hey as an indicator in clinical practice of prevention and treatment of related diseases in plateau areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective： To study the curative efficacy and safety of brucea javanica oil injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Methods： 80 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated from March 2014 to March 2015 in our hospital were selected and divided into the observation group （n=40） and the control group （n=40） according to different therapeutic methods. The patients in the control group were treated with 5- fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, while the patients in the observation group were treated with brucoa javanica oil injection combined with chemotherapy. Then the therapeutic efficacy, serum levels of carcino-embryonic antigen （CEA） and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA199）, the improvement of quality of life, incidence of adverse reactions, white blood cell （WBC）, hemoglobin （HGB） and blood platelet （PLT） in both groups were observed and compared before and after the treatment. Results： After treatment, the total effective rate of observation group was statistically higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. The serum levels of CEA and CA199 in the observation group were statistically lower than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the WBC, HGB and PLT between the two groups（P〉0.05）. The improvement of quality of life of observation group was statistically higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was statistically lower than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Brucea javanica oil injection combined with chemotherapy was effective for advanced gastric cancer, which could reduce the serum levels of CEA and CA199 and side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bletilla striata is a perennial herb belonging to the family Orchidaceae, has been used as Chinese folk medicine. Seed quality is key to get large number of B. striata seedlings, and the seed setting rate is a very important standard to evaluate the fruit quality. It is a quick method to rough evaluate seed setting rate through the fruit form. In this study, the correlation between fruit form(fruit weight, length and diameter)and seed setting rates among 26 infructescences (87 fruits) of B. striata were analysed, the seed embryo sizes of ten different sizes of B. striata fruits were measured, and the weights of 400 seeds were calculated and the weights of single seed were obtained. The results showed that correlation between fruit weight and seed setting rate were the most close, the coefficient of correlation was 0.786, reaching to moderate degree; the second close was fruit diameter, the coefficient of correlation was 0.634; and the last was fruit length, the coefficient of correlation was 0.553; the average setting rate of 87 fruits was 50.43%. The correlation between fruit form and seed embryo size was at a low degree, developmental state of seed embryo could not be known through the fruit form; the average diameter of embryo was 177.9 μm, the biggest was 241.9 μm, the smallest was just 64.5 μm; and the average length of embryo was 359.0 μm, the biggest was 528.6 μm, the smallest was just 114.3 μm, the results showed that the mature seed embryo size of B. striata mainly focus on 150-200 μm in diameter, the ratio was 62.34% in this range, and 300-400 μm in length, the ratio was 68% in this range. The average weight of single seed was 3.90 μg, the seeds in the biggest fruit of the 87 was 39 488, and the average number was 10 436, according to calculation, the average number of have embryo seeds in a single fruit was 5 263, it could gain a large number of B. striata seedlings through the sterile culture. In conclusion, fruit weight and full degrees (diameter) can be used to evaluate fruit quality (seed setting rate) of B. striata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the influence of maternal, infant, and collection characteristics on HQCBUs in GZCBB. Methods: The maternal, fetal, and processing conditions of 4613 CBUs in the GZCBB were retrospectively analyzed to determine their effects on HQCBUs using logistical regression model. All CBUs were obtained following strict standard operating procedures. Results: Several factors might contribute to HQCBUs: fetal age older than 37 gestational weeks, female fetus, large cord blood volume (>80 m L), high birth weight (>3500 g), vaginal delivery, and a shorter amount of time between cord blood collection and processing (<12 hr). We reported here for the first time that α-thalassemia carriers correlated with a p-TNCC increase to at least 1.25 ×109and an increase of CD34+ cell count to at least 6.01 ×106. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and mothers younger than 25 years of age increased their p-TNCC to at least 1.25 ×109and the CFUs increased to at least 23.24 ×105. Conclusions: We identified several factors that affect HQCBUs. These results may be used as a reference for updating cord blood collection standards and optimizing processing procedures and will help to increase the number and ratio of HQCBUs and the effective use of CBB resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate effect of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209 ) on the permeability of bloodbrain barrier in vitro model. Methods In vitro model was established by unconnected co-culture of mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial BEnd. 3 cells and astrocytes using Transwell chamber, and the availability was coufirmed by detecting the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER ) through Milli cell ERS. We used CCK-8 to detect BEnd. 3 cell viabiliity and determined 50 μmol/L as the maximum dose of BDE -209. BEnd. 3 cells of the in vitro model were exposed to different concentrations of BDE -209 (0, 10, 25, and 50 μmol/L) for 24 h; TEER value was measured by Millicell ERS; the permeability of macromolecules was evaluated by HRP penetration test, and the expression of tight junction protein occludin in the bEnd. 3 cells was determined by Western blotting. Results With increasing BDE-209 doses, TEER decreased gradually (F = 114. 232, P < 0. 001 ), HRP penetration increased gradually (F = 103. 625, P < 0. 001 ), and occludin protein expression was down-regulated in the BEnd. 3 cells (F = l 7. 291, P = 0. 001 ) . Conclusion BDE-209 could decrease TEER value, increase HRP penetration, and reduce expression of occludin protein, resulting in damage on the integrity of blood-brain barrier in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective By detecting serum 25 (OH)D and IgE levels in children with bronchiolitis and exploring the clinical relationship between 25 (OH)D, IgE and the severity of bronchiolitis, this article provides new clinical ideas for the prevention and treatment of bronchiolitis. Methods We took 1- to 12-month-old children with bronchiolitis infected by respiratory syncytial virus in our hospital from October 2017 to October 2019 as the research subjects. Direct immunofluorescent antibody method was used to detect respiratory tract infections such as respiratory syncytial virus. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 ( OH)D] levels were determined by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay, serum total IgE levels were determined by immunocolorimetric method and the related factors of vitamin D nutrition were investigated by questionnaire. Results (1)A total of 89 children with bronchiolitis from respiratory syncytial virus infection aged 1 to 12 months were investigated in this study. They were divided into mild, moderate and severe groups according to the severity of the disease, 50 in the mild group, 26 in the moderate group, and 13 in the severe group. The 25 (OH)D levels in the children under investigation showed a skewed distribution. The overall level of 25 (OH)D was 27.6 ± 16.9 ng/mL, of which vitamin D was balanced [25 (OH)D 30~100 ng/mL] in 33 people, accounting for 37.1%, lack of vitamin D [25 (OH)D 10~30 ng/mL] was found in 43 people, accounting for 48.3%, vitamin D deficiency [25 (OH)D level <10 ng/mL] was found in 13 people, accounting for 14.6%, and there was no children with vitamin D overdosage. (2)As the severity of the disease increases, 25 (OH)D levels gradually decrease. There was a statistically significant difference in 25 (OH)D levels between the three groups of children (P < 0.001). (3)With the increase of the severity of the three groups, the serum total IgE level increased, and the difference in IgE level between the three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). (4)There were correlations between 25 (OH)D and IgE levels in 89 children with bronchiolitis in this study (r = -0.56, P < 0.001.). Results showed they were negatively correlated. As 25 (OH)D levels increased, IgE gradually decreases. Conclusions The severity of bronchiolitis in children is related to serum 25 (OH)D and IgE levels, which are negatively correlated. Vitamin D has a protective effect on the severity of bronchiolitis, and infants at risk for vitamin D deficiency should consider screening in the fall and winter. Appropriate vitamin D supplementation is suggested. Especially if one has reached an adequate vitamin D level in the first year of life, it may help reduce the severity of bronchiolitis in the first year of life [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of peripheral nerve conduction study in early diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods Data were collected from a total of 217 children with T1DM [112 males, 105 females, with average age of (10.54±3.10) years] in the Department of Endocrinology at Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from the period of July 2007 to August 2017. They were further divided into three age groups, 4 to 6 years old, 7 to 14 years old, and above 14 years, respectively. Forty⁃six indicators of the nerve conduction study (NCS) were checked, and the final follow⁃up results were included in the statistical analysis. According to the disease duration, the patients were further divided into two groups duration of <5 years and ≥5 years. Incidence rate between the two groups were analyzed using Chi⁃square test. Variance analysis of the main factors related to T1DM, such as the presence of ketosis or ketoacidosis at onset, disease duration, and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level were also analyzed. Results There was significant difference in the motor and sensory latency among three groups (P<0.000 1) as well as the amplitude of common peroneal nerve and the minimum F⁃wave latency of tibial nerve (P<0.001). Sensory nerve conduction velocity differences in median nerve, ulnar nerve and common peroneal nerve were statistically significant (P<0.05). From 217 cases, the total abnormal incidence rate of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was 19.33%. Cases with the duration of <5 years has the incidence rate of 5.30% (377.14/7 121). While the other cases of the duration ≥5 years, the incidence rate was 14.03% (397.15/2 830). The four top single abnormality in descending order were as follows: the prolonged latency rate of median sensory nerve, the latency of ulnar sensory nerves, the minimum F⁃wave latency of tibial motor nerve and the amplitude of common peroneal nerve. Analysis of the main factors related to T1DM shows that the presence of ketosis or ketoacidosis during the disease progression had no significant correlation with DPN (P>0.05). However, the disease duration and HbA1c level were associated with DPN (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between disease duration and minimum F⁃wave latency of tibial nerve, as well as the amplitude of ulnar nerve, common peroneal nerve, and tibial nerve (r=0.170-0.312, all P<0.05). On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between HbA1c level and the motor nerve conduction velocity of ulnar nerve, median nerve and common peroneal nerve (r= -0.237--0.171, all P<0.05). Conclusion The impairment of sensory nerve conduction is more pronounced than motor nerve conduction in T1DM children with peripheral neuropathy. Selective peripheral nerve conduction test can help improve the sensitivity of NCS in T1DM children with DPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the level and relevant factors of pyrethroid pesticide exposure among pregnant women during the first trimester in rural areas of Yunnan province，and to provide basic data for further study and provide a basis for the formulation of intervention measures to reduce exposure．Methods According to the birth cohort of rural Yunnan built in 2014， pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited in two townships of an agricultural county who were confirmed pregnant and continued pregnancy in antenatal clinics. The concentration of the metabolites of the pesticides in the urine of women was determined by super high performance liquid chromatography and the contact status of pyrethroid pesticides was analyzed using a questionnaire survey． Results A total of 419 women in the first trimester were surveyed and 94.51% of women detected at least one of the pyrethroid metabolites， among which the detection rates of 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid （3-PBA），cis-/trans-3-（2，2-Dichloroethenyl） -2，2-dimethyl－cyclopropanecarboxylate（cis-/trans-DCCA） and 4－fluoro－3－ phenoxybenzoic acid （4-F-3-PBA） were 79.47%， 62.05% and 24.58%，and the median concentrations were 3.53 ng/mL， 14.80 ng/mL and less than the minimum detection limit 0.4 ng/mL．Only 12 people（2.95%） reported that they had exposure to pesticides．Self-reported exposure rate was not consistent with the actual exposure rate．Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the season was a factor affecting the level of three metabolites in women in the first trimester. Higher lever was found in women in spring （t＝2.147，p ＝0.032）， summer （t＝2.144，p ＝0.035） and winter （t＝2.453，p ＝0.015） compared to those in autumn．Conclusion Pyrethroid pesticides were widely exposed in the pregnant women in rural areas of Yunnan province. Some women have higher exposure level， which is related to the season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the protective effect of Dalbergiae Odoriferae (DO) on cardiac dysfunction in pressure overload-induced failing heart in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: C57 mice (male. 6 weeks) were used for induction of HF through pressure overload. Pressure overload was produced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) as described previously. After surgery, the mice were randomized to given vehicle or DO for 4 weeks. An in vitro study was performed on cultured cardiomyocytes subjected to control, H2O2,H2O2+DO and H2O2+DO.H2O2+TEMPOL. Results: Cardiac ejection fraction (EF) was decreased and myocardial remodeling was significant in response to pressure overload, along with cardiac TOAC level was dropped and maloudialdehyde (MDA) production were significantly elevated, which led to dampened cardiac function and myocardial remodeling. DO treatment significantly reduced MDA production and improved cardiac dysfunction. Importantly, incubation of cardiomyocytes with HJD; significantly induced cell death. Treatment with DO or ROS Scavenger TEMPOL reduced oxidative stress induced by H2O2; and increased cell viability. Conclusions: DO treatment alleviates oxidative stress in the progress of heart failure, which improves cardiac dysfunction and normalized myocardial remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde and vancomycin on Biofilm inhibition of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Methods Modified plate culture method was used to establish in vitro biofilm model for MRSA standard strain ATCC25923 and other 5 strains from patient samples，and crystal violet semi-quantitative method was applied to detect the biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ATCCA strain and typical MRSA strain was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) method. Micrdilution checkerboard techniques was adopted to determine the MIC of drugs combination. Results The biofilmwill be maturated in three days；Strain 16187 showed strong capacity of biomilm formation；MICs of standard strain for cinnamaldehyde and vancomycin were 256 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL；MICs of strain 16187 for cinnamaldehyde and vancomycin were 128 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL；MIC of standard strain for combination of cinnamaldehyde and vancomycin were 16 µg/mL and 0.006 µg/mL，and 16 µg/mL and 0.03 µg/mL for stain 16187. Comparing MRSA16187 in treated with medicatoin conbired with cinnamaldehyde and vancomycin and single medication the difference of sMIC50 was significant (p＜0.05 andp＜0.05)，and there was significant difference when we compared sMIC90 (p＜0.05 andp＜0.05)；Comparing ATCC25923 treated with medication combined with cinnamaldehyde and vancomycin the difference was of sMIC50 significant (p＜0.05 andp＜0.05)， and sMIC90 showed the significant difference (p＜0.05 andp＜0.01) ．Conclusion Cinnamaldehyde synergistically enhances the capacity of vancomycin on biofilminhibitory on MRSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Volar locking plate is the domin Pedicle screw placement for spinal fractures with X-ray and CT assistant can optimize the accuracy of screw placement. Additionally, X-ray is cheap, repetitive and can reduce radiation injury, but has not been confirmed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and imaging evaluation of X-ray in pedicle screw placement for spinal fractures. METHODS: Twenty patients with spinal fractures at T1-8 levels in our hospital from November 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled. The needles were placed along the pedicle axis at the middle of the pedicle, vertebral posterior and vertebral anterior, and its position was recorded by C-arm X-ray, 100 pedicle screws were placed under C-arm X-ray, and then evaluated by CT to analyze the application effect of X-ray. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The screw length between the actual placement at T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 screw length under C-arm X-ray and virtual ones had no significant differences (P > 0.05), suggesting that X-ray can optimize the accuracy of screw placement. A total of 100 screws were placed, 94 screws were excellent, which were placed into the vertebral body completely, and the direction and depth were in accordance with the requirements. Six screws were good, some screws slightly worn out, but the cortical bone was less, and none was poor. No accident of pedicle violations was found. To conclude, C-arm X-ray-assisted screw placement for spinal fractures exhibits ideal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback non motor symptoms on clinical effects and serum levels of EL- 6. CRP and TNF-α of Parkinson's disease. Methods: 84 cases of Parkinson's disease in our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 42 cases in each group. The control group were treated with EMG and EEG biofeedback, while the experimental group were treated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the basis of the control group. Then the serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) and minor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). the non motor symptoms questionnaire (NMSQuest). Parkinson's disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score in the two groups w:ere observed and compared before and after the treatment. Results: Compared with before treatment, the serum levels of CRP. IL-6 and TNF-α. the NMSQuest and HAMD in the two groups decreased after the treatment, while the PDSS score increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05): Compared with the control group, the serum levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α. NMSQuest and HAMD in the experimental group were lower, while the PDSS score was higher, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with biofeedback can reduce the serum levels of IL- 6. CRP and TNF-α in patients with Parkinson's disease, which has better clinical effect on the non motor symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Based on the ischemia classification according to the change of QRS complex in EGG of patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), to explore the relationship between electrocardiographic ischemia and serum hs-cTnl. Methods According to their ECGs on admission, 120 STEMI patients were divided into grade ill ischemia group (with QRS terminal distortion; n =81, accounting for 67. 5%) and grade His chemia group (without QRS terminal distortion; n =39, accounting for 32. 5%). Coronary angiographic examination and hs-cTnl inspection were performed on both of the two groups. The relationship between the circumstances of coronary obstruction and serum hs-cTnl was compared between two groups. Results (i) In grade III ischemia group, there were 68 males (83.95%) and 13 females (16. 05%) ; in grade II ischemia group, there were 27 males (69.23%) and 12 females (30. 77%). There was statistically significant difference in sex between the two groups (P < 0. 05). (ii) The incidence of lesion in left anterior descending artery among patients of grade III ischemia group was higher than that in the other group (P < 0. 05), however, the incidence of lesion in left circumflex artery was lower (P < 0.001). (iii) The measured serum hs-cTnl was characterized by skew distribution with statistically significant difference (Z = -2.78, P < 0.006). (iv) Compared two groups of patients with hs-cT-nT level, grade II ischemia is lower than the levels grade III ischemia, the difference was statistically significant (P < (). 05). Conclusion Grade ]H ischemia in ECG of STEMI patients is associated with the concentration of serum hs-cTnl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To clarify the epidemic status and the influential factors of osteoporosis (OP) in Xinxiang communities, in order to provide basic information and basis for the intervention of OP. Methods Bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus was detected in 4280 people in Xinxiang communities using Sahara quantitative ultrasound system (HOLOGIC Co.). A questionnaire survey was performed in all subjects, including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and long-term use of hormones and other drugs which affect bone metabolism. Univariate logistic analysis was performed firstly. Parameters with significant difference (P<0.1) were selected to perform binary logistic regression analysis. OR value and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results (1) The prevalence of OP was 11.7%. It was 8.4% in men and 16.3% in women. The rates of OP and low bone mass increased as the age grew, and females were more vulnerable of OP and low bone mass than males in the same ages. (2) Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, education, drinking, coffee, milk drinking, BMI, regular physical training, and family history of OP were possibly associated with osteoporosis (P<0.1). The further binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, family history of OP, and drinking were risk factors of OP. High education level, regular milk drinking, and physical training were protective factors of OP in men. (3) Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, education, milk drinking, coffee, BMI, regular physical training, and menopausal status and menstruation span were possibly associated with osteoporosis (P<0.1). The further binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, menopausal status, and BMI were risk factors of OP, and delay of postmenopausal, regular milk drinking, and physical training were protective factors of OP. Conclusion The prevalence of osteoporosis increases with aging, especially in women. Family history of OP, aging, and drinking are main risk factors for men. Aging, menopause, and BMI are risk factors of OP in women. Regular milk drinking and physical training are protective factors of OP in both males and females. We should strengthen prevention education in the community, control the controllable factors of OP, prevent and delay the occurrence of OP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish the microbial limit test for vitamin K1 based on the result of tests of growth promotion of the media and suitability of the counting method in the presence of product. Methods: With the aid of polysorbate 80, vitamin K1 was emulsified in pH 7. 0 sterile NaCl - peptone buffer solution. We inoculated the plates of nutrient agar and rose bengal agar with 1 mL of the test solution (1:20) and respectively counted the numbers of microorganisms. Results: For solid media, growth obtained did not differ by a factor greater than 70% from the calculated value for a standardized inoculum. The recovery of dilution in the control group and test group were more than 70 %. No microorganism was observed in vitamin K1 sample and its short-term and long-term test sample. Conclusion: The solid media is suitable for the growth of the microorganisms. Vitamin K1 and pH 7. 0 sterile NaCl - peptone buffer solution containing polysorbate 80 have no inhibitory role to the microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (CEBPα) and calreticulin. Methods (1) The ASMCs were stimulated with different concentrations of CSE for twenty-four hours. According to the concentrations of CSE, the cells were divided into control group, 2.5%CSE group, 5%CSE group and 10%CSE group. The proliferation of ASMCs was measured by MTT colrimetric method. The CEBPα mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR. Western bloting assay was performed to detect the levels of CRT and CEBPα protein. (2) In 10%CSE group, transfection of the siRNA respectively for negative control or calreticulin was performed in accordance with instructions. The cell proliferation and the expression of calreticulin and CEBPα were compared in negative control siRNA group and calreticulin siRNA group. Results (1) With the increasing of the concentrations of CSE, the protein expression of CEBPα decreased gradually (P<0.05), while the proliferation of ASMCs and the protein expression of calreticulin increased (P<0.05), but the expression of CEBPα mRNA in ASMCs showed no significant difference in groups with different concentrations of CSE (P>0.05). (2) Under the 10%CSE, the expression of CEBPα was significantly higher in CRT siRNA group than that in negative control group (P<0.05), but the cell proliferation and CRT were significantly lower in the calreticulin siRNA group than those in negative control siRNA group (P<0.05). Conclusion The CSE exposure contributes to the expression of calreticulin protein, and then inhibits the translation of CEBPα mRNA, thus promotes the proliferation of ASMCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]