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Objective：To discuss the effect of Jiegeng Yuanshen Tang (JGYST) on airway tissue inflammation and mucus secretion in the mice with allergic asthma, and to clarify the related mechanism. Methods：Forty male C57BL/J mice were randomly divided into control group, JGYST group, ovalbumin (OVA) group, and OVA + JGYST group. The mice in OVA group and OVA +JGYST group were sensitized with 50 μg OVA via intraperitoneal injection twice weekly, followed by 20 μg OVA nasal drops daily for 7 d to induce asthma；the mice in OVA +JGYST group were gavaged with 200 μL JGYST 1 h before each OVA challenge, and the administration lasted for 7 d； the mice in control group were given equivalent dose of PBS via intraperitoneal injection, nasal drops, and gavage； the mice in JGYST group were given the same dose of PBS for intraperitoneal and nasal administration and gavaged with the same dose of JGYST. The pathomorphology of lung tissue of the mice in various groups was observed by HE staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and the inflammation and PAS scores were calculated； flow cytometry method was used to detect the numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, helper T lymphocyte 1 (Th1) cells, helper T lymphocyte 2 (Th2) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), as well as the percentage of mature DCs and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung tissue of the mice in various groups； real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in lung tissue of the mice in various groups. Results：The HE and PAS staining results showed that the mice in control group had intact airway and alveolar structure，without infiltration of inflammatory cells or mucus secretion； compared with control group, there was a large number of infiltrating inflammatory cells in airway tissue of the mice in OVA group，and the inflammation and PAS scores were increased (P<0. 01) ； compared with OVA group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in airway tissue of the mice in JGYST group and OVA + JGYST group was decreased, and the inflammation and PAS scores were significantly decreased (P< 0. 01) . The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group, the numbers of eosinophils, Th2 cells, and DCs in lung tissue of the mice in OVA group were increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and the percentage of mature DCs and level of ROS were significantly increased (P<0. 01) ； compared with OVA group, the numbers of eosinophils, Th2 cells, and DCs in lung tissue of the mice in JGYST group and OVA + JGYST group were decreased (P<0. 01), and the percentage of mature DCs and level of ROS were significantly decreased (P<0. 01) . The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with control group, the expression levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α mRNA in lung tissue of the mice in OVA group were increased (P<0. 01) ; compared with OVA group, the expression levels of IL-4 and TNF-α mRNA in lung tissue of the mice in JGYST group and OVA + JGYST group were decreased (P<0. 01), while the expression level of IL-10 mRNA was increased (P<0. 01) . Conclusion : JGYST can alleviate the airway tissue inflammation and mucus secretion in the mice with allergic asthma, and its mechanism may be related to reducing the number of Th2 cells and DCs, decreasing the ROS level and expression level of proinflammatory cytokine, and increasing the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that feature extraction is inaccurate and the reconstruction image is not natural enough in blind super-resolution reconstruction, this paper proposed an image blind super-resolution reconstruction based on degradation aware and sequence residuals. This paper proposed a mini-residual group combined degeneration aware and sequence residuals as the backbone network. Then the method constructed a symmetrical enhanced multi-scale residual block. In the image reconstruction part, this paper used the bottleneck attention module and the sub-pixel convolutional module to emphasize the multi-dimensional elements of the image. Finally, the method made a global residual connection. Compared with the current representative algorithm DASR, experiments show that the PSNR and SSIM of the proposed algorithm are improved 0.145dB and 0.0014 on Set14×2, and the PSNR of the proposed algorithm is improved 1.898dB and 0.252dB on Set14×3/4, respectively. The proposed algorithm achieves better performance than several current image super-resolution algorithms on five standard test sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To investigate the effects of translocator protein (TSPO) ligand XBD173 on the pulmonary inflammatory response and M1 polarization of macrophages of the mice induced by cigarette smoke extraction (CSE), and to clarify their realted molecular mechanisms. Methods：A total of 18 adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, CSE group, and CSE+XBD173 group. The mice in CSE group were intranasally given 20 μL CSE, and the mice in CSE+XBD173 group were given the same dose of CSE and intraperitoneally injectied with 10 mg·kg-1 XBD173. The pathomorphology of lung tissue of the mice in various groups was observed by HE staining and PAS staining. The RAW264. 7 macrophage were cultured and divided into control group, CSE group, and CSE + XBD173 group. The CSE administration concentration was 1%, the XBD173 administration concentration was 4 mg·L-1, and the cells in control group were given the same volume of dimethyl sulfoxide；after 18 h of stimulation, the expression levels of CD80, CD86, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the RAW264. 7 cells, and the apoptotic rates of the RAW264. 7 cells in various groups were detected by flow cytometry； Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB/p65 (NF-κB/p65) and phosphorylated NF-κB/p65 (p-NF-κB/p65) proteins in the cells in various groups. The siRNA was used to knock down the TSPO expression in the RAW264. 7 cells in various groups, and the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in the cells in various groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. Results：The animal experiment results showed that compared with control group, the number of inflammatory cells in lung tissue of the mice in CSE group was increased significantly and the bronchial wall was thicker；compared with CSE group, the number of inflammatory cells in lung tissue of the mice in XBD173+CSE group was decreased and the bronchial wall was thinner. The cell experiment results showed that compared with control group, the expression levels of CD80, CD86, iNOS, and ROS in the RAW264. 7 cells in CSE group were increased (P<0. 05), the apoptotic rate was increased (P<0. 05), the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA were increased (P<0. 05), and the expression level of p-NF-κB/p65 protein was significantly increased (P<0. 05), while the expression level of NF-κB/p65 had no significant difference (P>0. 05)； compared with CSE group, the expression levels of CD80, CD86, iNOS, and ROS in the RAW264. 7 cells in CSE+XBD173 group were decreased (P< 0. 05), the apoptotic rate was decreased (P<0. 05), the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF- α mRNA were decreased (P<0. 05), and the expression level of p-NF- κB/p65 protein was decreased significantly (P< 0. 05). After the expression of TSPO protein in the RAW264. 7 cells was knocked down by siRNA, the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF- α mRNA in the RAW264. 7 cells among various groups had no significant differences (P>0. 05). Conclusion：XBD173 can alleviate the inflammatory response of lung tissue of the mice and inhibit the M1 polarization of the macrophage induced by CSE, and its mechanism may be related to the NF-κB protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-view 3D reconstruction based on deep learning is a research hot spot at present. In order to discover more high-frequency details, SDF-SRN algorithm introduces positional encoding, but neural network is easy to overfit without accurate supervision, and reconstructs uneven surface. To solve the problem, this paper proposed the network model based on sparse feature. The model enabled the network that preferred to overfitting to predict high-frequency residual by residual learning. The feature extraction network extracted sparse features and the global features. Then one hypernetwork took the sparse features as input and generated prediction shallow head. This shallow head predicted low-frequency part of signed distance function. Another hypernetwork took global features as input and generated another shallow head. This shallow head predicted high-frequency residual. It fused two predictions of shallow heads into final signed distance function. Spectrum analysis shows that the design purpose of network is achieved. Compared with other smooth surface reconstruction schemes, the network can achieve smoother surface reconstruction with enough details. It overcomes the overfitting of SDF-SRN. The qualitative and quantitative comparison with other advanced single-view reconstruction approaches show the superiority of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unstable rock in the limestone area has typical characteristics of quasimasonry structure and control discontinuity, where the failure essence is the fracture propagation under loads. The unstable rock control discontinuity in the limestone zone was analyzed, and the geological model for a doublecrack unstable rock mass was obtained according to the theory of geomorphologic evolution. The mechanical model and fracture mechanical model for the complex control discontinuity were constructed. Based on the rock weight, the fissure water pressure and the earthquake load, the formula of the fracture stability coefficient was obtained under the maximum circumferential stress criterion. The fracture stability coefficient expression for the unstable rock is rational according to the verifying case analysis. The fracture stability coefficient corresponding to each intensity decreases with the crack length ratio. Under earthquake intensities Ⅷ and Ⅸ, the unstable rock will collapse; the stability of the unstable rock is liable to the coupling effects of the crack length ratio of the main control discontinuity and the earthquake intensity. The critical crack length ratio decreases with the earthquake intensity. Under earthquake intensity Ⅶ, the theoretical value of the critical crack length ratio is 25.8%, which is slightly less than the actual value of 27.7%, and on the slightly safer side. The fracture stability coefficient expression has good applicability. The research results provide an important theoretical support for the treatment of such unstable rock masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral unloading leads to development of many perilous rock masses on high and steep slopes. It is significant to judge the probability of instability under the action of rainfall and earthquake. For the perilous toppling rock, the physical and mechanical model with the most dangerous seismic force directions was established. Based on the extreme value theory for functions, the expression of the most dangerous seismic force direction was given. Combined with the reliability theory, the reliability index, the expression of the probability of instability and the judgment criterion for the perilous toppling rock were built. The proposed method was applied to analyze the stability of perilous toppling rock masses in the Jinfoshan district in Chongqing. The calculation results show that, the most dangerous seismic force direction in case 1 is within 5°, and in case 2 is about 10°; the most dangerous direction angle is not a fixed value, but related to the shape, the fracture water pressure and the depth of rock cavity, etc. When the control crack length is small, the most dangerous direction angle is small under other conditions but will increase significantly with the crack length. The probability of instability increases with the control crack length in case 2 more than in case 1. The research work is applicable to disaster prevention and mitigation of perilous rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the deformation and failure process of Qingshi landslide located in the Three Gorges reservoir area, a discrete element model was established to simulate this landslide with the PFC2D software under different water levels. The simulation results show that the middle part of the landslide has the largest vertical displacements and velocities at the same time under the water level of 165 m. Besides，the horizontal stresses and strain rates of the landslide toe reach the maximum values firstly in the late period under the water level of 165 m. Qingshi landslide has little deformation under the water level of 145 m. The failure modes are the same under the water levels of 155 m， 165 m and 175 m， and a typical failure process can be divided into 4 periods ： weakening and creeping of the slip mass，deformation of the front part，instability and sliding of the middle part，and stabilization of the landslide. In the sliding process, the rock and soil mass near the sliding zone will weaken in strengths to some extent. The simulated steady state of Qingshi landslide is consistent with the measured results in situ under different water levels，i.e. the cracks ’ appearance and development under the 175 m water level are close to the real situations， with only allowable deviations. It is proved that the deformation and failure process of Qingshi landslide can be simulated satisfactorily with the discrete element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tyro3、Axl和Mer受体酪氨酸激酶简称TAM受体，是受体酪氨酸激酶亚家族之一。 TAM受体的配体是结构相似的生长停滞特异性基因6(Gas6)和S蛋白(ProS)。 TAM受体和配体广泛表达于哺乳动物多种细胞表面，具有抑制细胞凋亡，促进细胞增殖，介导细胞黏附、迁移、吞噬等生理功能，参与机体的免疫调节。缺失TAM受体的小鼠患有慢性炎症和自身免疫病等免疫性疾病，这与TAM受体信号通路介导的清除凋亡细胞和抑制天然免疫等作用密切相关。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the effect of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) on DNA damage and interleukin (IL)-33 expression in the human bronchial epithelial cells, and to clarify its related mechanism. Methods: Different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg·L -1) of Af were used to stimulate the bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to select the appropriate stimulation concentration. When the BEAS-2B cells were treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Af, the cells were divided into control group, Af group, NAC group, and Af+NAC group. When the BEAS-2B cells were treated with DNA double-strand break repair inhibitor NU7441 and Af, the cells were divided into control group, Af group, NU7441 group, and Af+NU7441 group. The comet assay was used to detect the percentages of comet tail DNA of cells in various groups; immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression levels of DNA damage-related protein phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) in the cells in various groups; 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence probe was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells in various groups; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method was used to detect the expression levels of interleukih-33 (IL-33), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and interleukih-25 (IL-25) mRNA in the cells in various groups; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (p-NF-κB), phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (p-ATM), and γH2AX proteins in the cells in various groups. Results: Compared with control group, the percentage of comet tail DNA and the expression level of γ H2AX in the cells in 1 mg·L-1 Af group showed no significant difference (P>0. 05), while the percentage of comet tail DNA and the expression level of γH2AX in the cells in 5 mg·L -1 Af group were significantly increased (P<0. 01); compared with 5 mg·L-1 Af group, the percentage of comet tail DNA and the expression level of γH2AX in the cells in 10 mg·L-1 Af group were significantly increased (P<0. 01). Compared with control group, the ROS levels in the bronchial epithelial cells in 1 mg·L-1 Af group was significantly increased (P< 0. 05); compared with 1 mg·L-1 Af group, the ROS level in the cells in 5 mg·L-1 Af group was significantly increased (P<0. 01); compared with 5 mg·L-1 Af group, the ROS level in the cells in 10 mg·L-1 Af group was significantly increased (P<0. 05). After treatment of NAC, compared with Af group, the percentage of comet tail DNA (P<0. 01), the expression level of γH2AX (P<0. 05), and the ROS level (P<0. 01) in the cells in Af+NAC group were significantly decreased; after treatment of NU7441, compared with Af group, the percentage of comet tail DNA and the expression level of γH2AX in the cells in Af+NU7441 group were significantly increased (P<0. 01). The RT-qPCR results showed that after treatment of NAC, compared with control group, the expression level of IL-33 mRNA in the cells in Af group was significantly increased (P<0. 05); compared with Af group, the expression level of IL-33 mRNA in the cells in Af+NAC group was significantly decreased (P<0. 05); after treatment of NU7441, compared with Af group, the expression level of IL-33 mRNA in the cells in Af+NU7441 group was significantly increased (P<0. 05). The Western blotting results showed that after treatment of NAC, compared with control group, the expression levels of p-NF-κB, p-ATM, and γH2AX proteins in the cells in Af group were significantly increased (P<0. 05); after treatment of NU7441, compared with Af group, the expression levels of p-NF- κB, p-ATM, and γH2AX proteins in the cells in Af+NAC group were significantly decreased (P<0. 05); After treat ment of NU7441, compared with Af group, the expression levels of p-NF- κB, p-ATM, and γH2AX proteins in the cells in Af+NU7441 group were significantly increased (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Af promotes the IL-33 expression in the human bronchial epithelial cells by causing DNA damage, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of ATM/NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]