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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of medication compliance in the elderly with multiple chronic conditions, and probe into the influencing factors, so as to improve patients’ medication compliance and promote rational drug use. METHODS: The general data, disease information and drug use information of 724 retired military officers from 30 cadre convalesces in Shanghai were collected by questionnaire survey. SPSS 27. 0 statistical software was used for data processing and analysis. Univariate χ 2 test was used for comparison between different groups, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of patients’ medication compliance. RESULTS: A total of 674 valid questionnaires were collected. Patients with different marital status, living status, number of drugs, number of diseases and sleep quality had different medication compliance, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0. 05). Logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, living status and number of diseases were the influencing factors of medication compliance (P<0. 05). Patients who were divorced or widowed, lived alone, or had a large number of diseases were more likely to forget to take drugs, and were more likely to reduce or stop the medication when their symptoms worsened or other discomfort occurred. Patients with more kinds of diseases were more likely to forget the usage and dosage of drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The medication compliance of the elderly with multiple chronic conditions in cadre convalesces is generally not high, suggesting that comprehensive intervention measures should be taken in the future. Pharmacists can give full play to their professional advantages and combine with multidisciplinary medical teams to formulate and provide drug rearrangement strategies suitable for the elderly. Some social support are supposed to be given to the elderly living alone to improve the medication compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　To explore how to further improve the quality of home pharmacy services under the background of aging. Methods　The development history of home pharmacy service in our country in recent years was summarized, and the current status and limitations of home-based pharmacy service were analyzed. Results　Our country's home-based pharmacy service has gradually matured and standardized from the early stage of independent exploration in various regions, but its quality improvement is still restricted by multiple bottlenecks. It is recommended to increase the popularity of pharmacy services, broaden the promotion channels for rational drug use, and optimize the allocation of pharmacists. etc. to be improved. Conclusion　It is of great significance to improve the quality of home-based pharmacy services for home-based patients in the community, and it requires the joint efforts of multiple parties to improve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the gene expression profiles of gefitinib-sensitive and drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in GEO database by bioinformatics, to study the potential key genes leading to acquired drug resistance of NSCLC, and to provide new ideas for the prognosis evaluation of patients with drug-resistant NSCLC. Methods The GEO2R network tool was used to analyze the GSE123066 and GSE83666 data sets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The key candidate genes were identified by comparing the DEGs between the two groups of data through the Wayne diagram, and then GO analysis. KEGG analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed on the candidate genes. The clinical prognosis analysis and expression level analysis of tumor tissues and different stages were performed on the obtained genes. Results A total of 46 core DEGs were significantly associated with drug-resistant NSCLC. Cytoscape identified eight key genes that play an important role in the progression of gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells, namely SOD2, GADD45A, NCF2, LOX, CYR61, SOX2, JUP and MUC1, respectively. Among them, SOD2 was highly correlated with gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. Conclusion SOD2 may be the key genes leading to acquired drug resistance of NSCLC cells to gefitinib, and their high expression is associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC, indicating that SOD2 may be potential therapeutic targets with clinical application value in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the effects of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the dry matter yield of alfalfa, and phosphorus use efficiency under various treatments with different phosphorus level, and thereby an optimal fertilization mode was established for the selected alfalfa. A randomized block design was used in the experiment for two factors of bacteria and phosphorus. Four levels of phosphorus application were set, including 0 (P0), 50 (P1), 100 (P2), and 150 mg/kg (P3). Four types of inoculation treatments were as follows: no inoculation (J0), Funneliformis mosseae (J1), Bacillus megaterium (J2), and double inoculation (B. megaterium + F. mosseae) (J3). Sixteen treatments were set, each of which was repeated six times. The treatment group was inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae, where the average amount of fungus was 10 g/pot. In the treatment group of Bacillus megaterium, the average amount of bacterial solution was 10 mL/pot. In the mixed inoculation group, Bacillus megaterium in each pot was added the amount of 5 g (about 8 500 inoculation potential units) and 5 mL. The same number of sterilized bacteria was also added to the J0 treatment. The results showed that the dry matter yield of alfalfa at the total or individual cut gradually increased first and then decreased, with the increase in the application rate of phosphorus under the same conditions of bacteria treatment. In the J3 treatment, the total dry matter yield of alfalfa reached the maximum under the P1 phosphorus level. In the rest of bacteria application conditions, the total dry matter yield of alfalfa reached the maximum in P2 phosphorus level. The phosphorus content of aboveground plants increased first and then decreased, as the application rate of phosphorus increased. Specifically, the content of phosphorus in treatment group was significantly higher than that in the non-phosphorus treatment (P<0.05), whereas, there was no significant difference between phosphorus application treatments (P>0.05). The partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer decreased, with the increase of phosphorus application rate. The contents of total phosphorus (TP) and rapid available phosphorus (AP) increased in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, with the increase in the application rate of phosphorus. In the same phosphorus conditions, the dry matter yield, phosphorus content of plant, use efficiency of phosphorus, TP, and AP content of alfalfa under the single or mixed inoculation treatments were significantly higher than those under non-inoculation treatment (P<0.05), where the contents of TP and AP reached the maximum in the J3 treatment. There was the highest correlation coefficient between the AP content in rhizosphere soil and dry matter yield, indicating the optimal fitting effect. The contents of TP and AP were positively correlated with the total dry matter yield. Therefore, when the application rate of phosphorus was set as 100 mg/kg, the comprehensive inoculation of AMF and PSB can significantly increase the phosphorus availability in soil, thereby to improve phosphorus use efficiency, further to increase the dry matter yield of alfalfa. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the high production of alfalfa, and the application of efficient compound microbial fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the effects of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the dry matter yield of alfalfa, and phosphorus use efficiency under various treatments with different phosphorus level, and thereby an optimal fertilization mode was established for the selected alfalfa. A randomized block design was used in the experiment for two factors of bacteria and phosphorus. Four levels of phosphorus application were set, including 0 (P0), 50 (P1), 100 (P2), and 150 mg/kg (P3). Four types of inoculation treatments were as follows: no inoculation (J0), Funneliformis mosseae (J1), Bacillus megaterium (J2), and double inoculation (B. megaterium + F. mosseae) (J3). 16 treatments were set, each of which was repeated six times. The treatment group was inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae, where the average amount of fungus was 10 g/pot. In the treatment group of Bacillus megaterium, the average amount of bacterial solution was 10 ml/pot. In the mixed inoculation group, Bacillus megaterium in each pot was added the amount of 5g (about 8500 inoculation potential units) and 5 ml. The same number of sterilized bacteria was also added to the J0 treatment. The results showed that the dry matter yield of alfalfa at the total or individual cut gradually increased first and then decreased, with the increase in the application rate of phosphorus under the same conditions of bacteria treatment. In the J3 treatment, the total dry matter yield of alfalfa reached the maximum under the P1 phosphorus level. In the rest of bacteria application conditions, the total dry matter yield of alfalfa reached the maximum in P2 phosphorus level. The phosphorus content of aboveground plants increased first and then decreased, as the application rate of phosphorus increased. Specifically, the content of phosphorus in treatment group was significantly higher than that in the non-phosphorus treatment (P<0.05), whereas, there was no significant difference between phosphorus application treatments (P>0.05). The partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer decreased, with the increase of phosphorus application rate. The contents of total phosphorus (TP) and rapid available phosphorus (AP) increased in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, with the increase in the application rate of phosphorus. In the same phosphorus conditions, the dry matter yield, phosphorus content of plant, use efficiency of phosphorus, TP, and AP content of alfalfa under the single or mixed inoculation treatments were significantly higher than those under non-inoculation treatment (P<0.05), where the contents of TP and AP reached the maximum in the J3 treatment. There was the highest correlation coefficient between the AP content in rhizosphere soil and dry matter yield, indicating the optimal fitting effect. The contents of TP and AP were positively correlated with the total dry matter yield. Therefore, when the application rate of phosphorus was set as 100 mg/kg, the comprehensive inoculation of AMF and PSB can significantly increase the phosphorus availability in soil, thereby to improve phosphorus use efficiency, further to increase the dry matter yield of alfalfa. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the high production of alfalfa, and the application of efficient compound microbial fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the effect of long-term use of chlorhexidine on the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: The standard strain of E. faecalis was repeatedly exposed to chlorhexidine for 10 generations, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded at each passage. The bacteria collected from the 10th generation with increased MIC values were designated as the E. faecalis chlorhexidine-resistant strains (E. faecalis-Cs). The growth curves of two strains were drawn; the morphology of two strains were observed by transmission electron microscope; the number of biofilm formation of two strains was detected by crystal violet staining; the bacterial hydrophobicities of two strains were detected by microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH)method; the expression levels of S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase (LuxS)mRNA in the bacterial biofilms of two strains were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)method. Results: From the 0th to the 10th generation, the MIC values of E. faecalis were gradually increased. The growth curves of E. faecalis and E. faecalis-Cs showed no significant differences. The transmission electron microscope observation results showed that both E. faecalis and E. faecalis-Cs appeared oval or diplococcal, with intact cell wall structures, smooth edges, and evenly distributed cytoplasm. There were no significant differences in the morphology, size, cell wall thickness, or integrity between two types of bacteria. The crystal violet staining results showed that compared with E. faecalis, the number of biofilm formation of E. faecalis-Cs was significantly increased (P<0. 05). The MATH results showed tha the hydrophobicity of E. faecalis-Cs was significantly higher than that of E. faecalis (P<0. 05). The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of LuxS mRNA in the biofilms of E. faecalis-Cs was significantly higher than that of E. faecalis (P<0. 05). Conclusion: E. faecalis develops the resistance after repeated exposure to the chlorhexidine, and the pathogenicity of the resistant strain is enhanced. The high expressin of quorum sensing (QS)system LuxS gene and stronger biofilm forming ability of bacteria may be the potential mechanism for E. faecalis to tolerate the chlorhexidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the medicinal and feeding value of Gelsemium elegans has become increasingly prominent. However, G. elegans is not tolerant to low temperatures during its growth process. Exploring its low temperature response genes may lay the foundation for the research of cold resistance breeding of G. elegans. Lipoxygenase（LOX）has a significant impact on the physiological and biochemical processes of plants in seed aging, stress resistance, and other aspects. The LOX genes of G. elegans in response to low temperature stress were mined from the transcriptome database of G. elegans constructed by our team. A full-length cDNA sequence of the GeLOX1 gene was cloned from the leaves of G. elegans using RT-PCR technology, and its bioinformatics, subcellular localization, gene expression, prokaryotic expression, and plate stress were analyzed. The results showed that the amino acid length of the protein encoded by the GeLOX1 was 761 aa, and the relative molecular weight of the protein was 87.00 kD. It was predicted to be an unstable hydrophilic protein, containing 28 serine phosphorylation sites, 22 threonine phosphorylation sites, and 9 tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The analysis results of evolutionary tree indicated that GeLOX1 belonged to the 9-LOX family. The subcellular localization test results showed that the GeLOX1 was located in the cytoplasm. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the GeLOX1 was highly expressed in the roots of the G. elegans, and its expressions showed a downward trend under 4℃ low temperature stress. After prokaryotic expression induction, the recombinant protein of the GeLOX1 showed a target band at approximately 111 kD, and the accumulation of the recombinant protein reached its peak at 8 h of induction. In addition, the plate stress experiment showed that the prokaryotic expression strain of the GeLOX1 was more sensitive to low temperature stress compared to the control group. The research results indicate that GeLOX1 of G. elegans can respond to low temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the evaluation value of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), free triiodothyronine(FT3) combined with neutrophil/lymphocyte(NLR) ratio on the short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) treated with artificial liver. Methods: 97 patients with HBV-ACLF who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to July 2021 were selected, and they were successfully treated with artificial liver as the artificial liver treatment group. The patients in the artificial liver treatment group were divided into 69 cases in the survival group and 28 cases in the death group according to whether they survived 90 days after admission. In the same period, 70 volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital were selected as the control group. The AFP, FT3 and NLR in artificial liver treatment group and control group were compared. The serum AFP, FT3 and NLR in survival group and death group were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of short-term prognosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with predictive probability value was used to analyze the predictive value of serum AFP, FT3 and NLR ratio for short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF treated with artificial liver. Results: AFP and NLR in the artificial liver treatment group were higher than those in the control group, and FT3 was lower than that in the control group, there were significant differences between the groups(P<0.05). AFP and NLR in the death group were higher than those in the survival group, and FT3 was lower than that in the survival group, there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). The short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF treated with artificial liver was related to infection, international standardized ratio (INR), end-stage liver disease model (MELD), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), total bilirubin (TBIL), creatinine (Cr), serum sodium and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that RDW, AFP, INR, NLR and TBIL were all risk factors for short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF treated with artificial liver, while FT3 was a protective factor for short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF treated with artificial liver (P<0.05). The area under the Curve (AUC) of AFP, FT3 and NLR combined to predict short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF after artificial liver treatment were greater than that of AFP, FT3 and NLR alone. Conclusion: RDW, AFP, INR, FT3, NLR and TBIL are all influencing factors for the short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF treated with artificial liver, and AFP, FT3 and NLR combined predict the short-term prognosis of such patients with high predictive value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the expressions of selenoproteins in rat cartilage at different developmental stages. Methods The femoral head cartilage of inbred DA rats at 7 different developmental stages (each group contained 10 rats) was collected to extract total RNA with Trizol method. The expressions of 12 kinds of selenoproteins in the femoral head cartilage were determined by the semiquantitative RT-PCR. The abundance of selenoprotein expression was quantitated with RT-qPCR assay. The results were comfirmed by immunohistochemistry. Results At different skeletal developmental stages, Gpx1, Gpx2, Gpx3, Gpx4 and Dio2 presented significantly different expressions in cartilage chondrocytes. RT-qPCR assay showed that Gpx1 and Dio2 were significantly upregulated (P<0.05) while Gpx2 and Gpx4 had steady expressions. Immunohistochemistry assay result confirmed that GPX1 was expressed in a high percentage of epiphyseal plate in sexually mature rats. Conclusion There are significant differences in the gene expressions of selenoproteins in rat development, suggesting that selenoproteins may play an important role in proliferation and differentiation processes of rat bone-cartilage development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the profiles and function of small RNA (sRNA) gene during ehondrogenesis in rats so as to clarify the mechanisms of chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation. Methods All the sRNAs were identified from the female SD rats femoral head cartilages at three time points: at birth, ablactation and maturation, and three sRNA libraries were constructed. The Solexa sequencing and the bioinformatics analysis were employed to be blasted with the genomes of SD rats. Results The perfect match reads in the three libraries were screened out. which were correspondent to the 217 921 (41.23%). 196 650 (38.74%) and 245 436 (41.54%) unique sRNA sequence, respectively. The percentages of 20-24 nt sRNA were 71.94% (dO), 72.85% (d21). and 86. 39% (d42). Half of clean sequences were 22 nt sRNA. The distribution characteristics of the reads were in line with the high-quality sRNA. More than 62% clean reads were from mature miRNA while the ratios in the three libraries were only 0.69%, 0.78% and 0.63%. About 60% of the unique sRNA could not be matched with miRBase20.0 or RfamO.l. Conclusion The distribution model of miRNA in the three libraries indicates that the miRNAs with different functions or from different sources are involved in the regulation of chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation in bone development and formation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]