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Subspecies differentiation of Chinese white-toothed shrew (Crocidura rapax) is controversial. In order to clarify the molecular phylogeographic pattern of C. rapax and provide further molecular biological evidence for taxonomy, this study analyzed the Cyt b gene sequences of C. rapax (20 samples) collected from Guizhou Province in China together with Cyt b gene sequences of C. rapax (19 samples) downloaded from GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was divided into three main clades: C. r. rapax, C. vorax, and C. rapax kurodai. The C. r. rapax is divided into Guizhou, Yunnan, southeast Sichuan lineage and central and west Sichuan lineage. The results of genetic distance showed that the greatest genetic distance was between central and west Sichuan lineage of C. r. rapax and C. r. kurodai (0. 1181), followed by between Guizhou, Yunnan, southeast Sichuan lineage of C. r. rapax and C. r. kurodai (0. 1174). The genetic distance between two lineages of C. r. rapax is 0. 0195. A similar geographical patterns was also observed in the median-joining network analysis. The results of median-joining network are consistent with the results of phylogenetic relationships and genetic distance, supporting the view that the sample from Taiwan is a separate species, namely, C. tadae. The C. rapax have no subspecies differentiation in China, and can be divided into Guizhou, Yunnan, southeast Sichuan lineage and central and west Sichuan lineage. Twenty-three haplotypes were found in the 32 samples of C. rapax, and the nucleotide polymorphism was 0. 01285. The analysis of population history suggested that C. rapax has experienced population expansion recently, but it is not a single dramatic expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain the ideal electric energy from the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, a new H6 topology was designed based on the full-bridge circuit, it could effectively suppress the common mode leakage current. At the same time, QPR grid-connected current control strategy was proposed to solve the problem of steady-state error in traditional PI control and overcome the insufficiency of PR control in the interference of small deviation of grid current in fundamental frequency. In Matlab/Simulink platform, a QPR control simulation model based on the new H6 inverter bridge was established. The experiments prove the accuracy and practicability of the new topology and control strategy proposed, and the design has good engineering value in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observational experiment of aircraft wake vortex is the basis of studying the evolution behavior of aircraft wake vortex. Disturbed by the effects of atmospheric environment, the exact observation of aircraft wake vortex in cruising and approaching is challenging. In this paper, the laboratory wake observation method including the wind tunnel and towing tank experiment, and the in-site observation method using laser radar and microwave radar equipment has been discussed. The wind tunnel experiment is able to capture the roll-up, development, fall out of the aircraft wake vortex as well as vortices merging (including merging among the wing tip vortex, flap vortex, horizontal tailplane vortex, jet-flow, etc.), while the towing tank experiment can well capture the evolution behavior of aircraft wake vortex in the extended near field and mid field.In addition, the in-situ observational experiment can well capture the process of evolutionary dissipation of aircraft wake vortices in the atmospheric environment, so it can be served as an important reference for studying the effect of different atmospheric environment on the evolution process of aircraft wake vortices, and further for establishing the dynamic separation standard of aircraft wake vortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lower limb peri-knee muscle strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation are generally safe and effective rehabilitation methods for patellofemoral joint pain, but the mechanism of their intervention is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of muscle strength training combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on pain, lower extremity function and biomechanical characteristics in patients with patellofemoral pain. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with patellofemoral pain were randomly divided into muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation group (trial group, n=19) and muscle strength training group (control group, n=18). Both groups underwent intervention training for 6 weeks, three times a week. The visual analog scale and anterior knee pain scale were used to evaluate the pain level and functional level of the knee. Kinematic and kinetics data during running were collected by using an infrared motion capture system and a three-dimensional force platform simultaneously. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (group*time) was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After the intervention, the visual analog scale scores of the trial group and the control group were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), and the anterior knee pain scale scores were significantly increased (Ptrial group < 0.001, Pcontrol group=0.001) in the trial group and control group. The anterior knee pain scale scores of the trial group were significantly higher compared to the control group after the intervention (P=0.001). (2) The peak knee flexion angle (P=0.011), peak knee extension moment (P < 0.001), the peak knee internal rotation moment (P=0.008), the peak patellofemoral stress (P < 0.001) and the peak patellofemoral contact force (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the trial and control groups during running after the intervention compared with those before the intervention. (3) In conclusion, both muscle strength training and muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation training are helpful to improve the subjective pain and lower limb function of patellofemoral pain patients, enhance the movement pattern during running and reduce the stress of the patellofemoral joint. Compared with muscle strength training alone, muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation can improve lower limb function more significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nuclear and non histone proteins, cell, which is caused by the damage or passive release of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as the pathogenic factors and active secretions. It can be released into the extra-cellular space during necrosis of all eukaryotic cells. Besides, more and more evidences have shown that the extracellular HMGB1 may be a very potential underlying inflammatory mediator. It has been reported that HMGB1 could serve as an important inflammatory cytokine through binding with its specific receptors. HMGB1 has effect on the inflammation, and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, HMGB1 may be a therapeutic target for the clinical management of coronary artery inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To comparison the efficacy and safety of pivastatin calcium and atorvastatin calcium in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease. 100 patients with coronary heart disease from March 2016 to December 2018 were divided into the pitavastatin calcium group(n=50) and the atorvastatin calcium group (n=50). The blood glucose(Glu), Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), Ultra- sensitive C reaction protein (hsCRP), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), Acetyltransferase(ALT), Valley grass transaminase(AST), Creatinine(Cr), Creatine kinase (CK)were monitored and compared before treatment and after treatment of 6,12 months. After 6months and 12months treatment the pitavastatin calcium group HDL-C were significantly elevated (P<0.05), hsCRP were significantly lower(P<0.05). After 6months and 12months the atorvastatin calcium group HDL-C and hsCRP compared to before treatment the difference were not statistically(P>0.05). The atorvastatin calcium group HbA1c were elevated after 12months treatment with statistically differences(P<0.05), but the pitavastatin calcium were not elevated(P>0.05). The two groups TC, LDL-C were lower with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The differences between Glu, ALT, AST, Cr, CK before treatment and after treatment were without statistically differences (P>0.05), 1patient was removed because of transaminase elevated. Both pitavastatin calcium and atorvastatincalcium can lower LDL-C, TC、TG in Coronary Heart Disease patients, Moreover, the pitavastatin calcium can elevate HDL-C level and lower hsCRP level. Meanwhile, the pitavastatin calcium had no evidence in new diabetes, it was efficacy and safety in long-term treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]