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Aiming at the lightweight design target of the head structure of grinding and polishing machine for the blade surface grinding of aeroengine’s overall blade disk, the variable density method for topological optimization design was applied to the grinding head support plate. Based on the static and dynamic analysis of the grinding head structure, the theory of topological optimization of variable density method was studied. Based on the topologically optimized material distribution results, the lightweight structure and size optimization of the grinding head structure were carried out, and the final design parameters of the grinding head structure were obtained.The results showed that the mass of the optimized grinding head structure is reduced by 8.74%, and the dynamic and static mechanical properties of the structure are advanced, that is, the lightweight design of the grinding head structure is well achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]