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目的　探讨超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞对老年肝癌手术患者镇痛效果和认知功能的影响。方法　选择 择期行肝癌切除手术的老年患者134例，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组67例。对照组予自控静脉镇痛（托烷司琼 5 mg + 舒芬太尼 0. 2 µg/kg用生理盐水稀释至 100 mL），观察组在此基础上予超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞（0. 25% 罗哌卡因0. 5 mg/kg）。比较两组术后1、4、12、24、72 h镇痛效果［采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估］及血清疼痛介质 ［神经肽 Y（NPY）、P 物质（SP）及多巴胺（DA）］水平，术前 1 天与术后 7 天认知功能［采用简易智能精神检查量表 （MMSE）评分评估］及血清认知功能相关指标［脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、兴奋性氨基酸（EAA）、缺氧诱导因子 1α（HIF-1α）］水平，以及围手术期不良反应情况。结果　两组术后VAS和血清NPY、SP、DA水平均呈先上升后下降 趋势，并且观察组术后4、12、24、72 h VAS和血清NPY、SP、DA水平均低于对照组同期（P均<0. 05）。观察组与对照 组术后MMSE评分均低于术前，并且观察组术后MMSE评分高于对照组术后（P均<0. 05）。两组术后血清BDNF水 平均低于术前，血清EAA、HIF-1α水平均高于术前（P均<0. 05）；观察组术后血清BDNF水平高于对照组术后，血清 EAA、HIF-1α水平均低于对照组术后（P均<0. 05）。观察组围手术期不良反应发生率低于对照组（P<0. 05）。结论　老年 肝癌手术患者在自控静脉镇痛基础上予超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞不仅镇痛效果好，还能减轻术后认知功能损伤， 并且安全性较高。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Based on the technical principle that rapid replenishment of formation energy can improve the degree of CO2 miscibility, the feasibility of the injection method to improve the degree of CO2 immiscible flooding in low-pressure tight sandstone reservoirs in Ordos Basin was studied. Methods In this paper, the effects of CO2 displacement at various injection rates and volumes were compared under reservoir conditions. The changes of formation pressure, oil change rate, recovery degree, gas-oil ratio and extraction parameters also were investigated. Results Compared with the conventional injection rate and volumes, the formation pressure increased by 4.14 MPa, the oil change rate increased by 0.13, the recovery degree increased by 22%, the gas-oil ratio decreased by 50%, the component content of C4—C12 increased significantly, and the content of recombination component decreased significantly. Field tests of the two well groups showed that the monthly oil production of the well group was increased by 78%, the average formation pressure was 5 MPa, the corresponding well oil pressure was increased by 4.5 MPa, the degree of miscibility was increased by 32.81%, and the oil displacement effect was remarkable. Conclusion The injection method can effectively improve the degree of CO2 miscible flooding and the effect of CO2 immiscible flooding in tight sandstone reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated navigation system (INS), vital in aerospace and ocean exploration, faces challenges in reliability analysis due to its complex operational environment. Addressing this, the finite degradation structures (FDS) method was employed for a thorough examination of the multi-state integrated navigation system. Initial steps involve transforming component fault modes into a state space using the failure mode and effect analysis ( FMEA) method. Subsequently, an abstraction operation establishes the relationship between component states and system states, forming the required FDS model. This model serves as the basis for critical scenario analysis and calculation of reliability indicators. Through this systematic approach, the occurrence probability of various system states can be computed and the sensitivity of individual component states can be assessed. The identifications of the weak points and the degradation boundaries of the system are well demonstrated with illustrative case studies. These results can be seen as insights to guide reliability decisions, including the development of system maintenance strategies and risk prevention schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has the promising potential for the precise and efficient classification and mapping of forest tree species. Deep learning also requires a large number of datasets for training, typically on manual annotation. In this study, the framework of forest tree species classification was proposed to fully utilize a large amount of unlabeled data and a small amount of annotated data using semi-supervised learning. A rapid and accurate classification was also achieved in the high-precision distribution of dominant tree species in forests. The experimental areas were taken as the complex mountainous forest environment in Fujian Province. The composition of tree species was then obtained in a rapid, effective, and cost-saving manner. Taking four experimental areas in Fuzhou, Longyan, and Sanming in Fujian Province as examples, the simplified classification was constructed in the UNet tree species (ResNet14*) model with ResNet18 as the backbone. ResNet14* was different from ResNet18: ResNet14* was used to remove the layer4 part of ResNet18, i.e., the last downsampled cascaded block, which retained slightly higher spatial information; At the end of the layer2 and layer3 sections of ResNet14*, a max pooling layer was added to reduce the training parameters of the neural network while retaining the original features. A joint loss function of cross entropy and Dice coefficient was used to optimize the model parameters. The generalization of Self-training and Mean teacher was evaluated on the classification models with semi-supervised learning using UVA images. The results show that the overall accuracy of the ResNet14* network reached 91.15%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.827, which was within 1% of the accuracy of the rest ResNet models. At the same time, a smaller number of parameters and the shortest prediction time were achieved to balance the accuracy and efficiency of tree species classification. The best prediction performance of ResNet14* was achieved with the joint loss function weight of 0.5, indicating an overall accuracy of 91.15%. Therefore, the joint loss function weight of 0.5 was an optimal value for semisupervised learning in this case. Self-training and Mean teacher semi-supervised learning were implemented with UNet (ResNet14*) as the main network. The experiment showed that the overall accuracy of the Self-training on the test set reached 91.08%, slightly lower than the original. The higher category accuracy was also achieved in the categories of Schima superba, Pinus massoniana, and Chinese fir with sufficient samples. Furthermore, the overall accuracy of the self-training with pseudo labels was improved among two semi-supervised models in experimental area D, reaching 88.50% compared with the original; There was a significant decrease in the overall accuracy of the Mean teacher model with consistency loss. The total accuracy of the Mean teacher model was 88.56%, where the accuracy was 73.56% in the independent validation area. Accuracy evaluation was also conducted on an independent validation area. The classification accuracy of above 80% was found in the three types of tree species, namely Schima superba, Pinus Massoniana, and Chinese fir. A relatively large area was accounted for to meet the accuracy requirements of tree species mapping in the experimental area. Therefore, the semi-supervised learning of the Selftraining model can be expected to rapidly obtain the composition of tree species in the experimental area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the study was to clone heat shock protein Hsp70 gene from Apocheima cinerarius, analyze its physicochemical properties and expression, and explore the role of this gene in coping with the adverse environment of A. cinerarius. [Method] In the study, Hsp70 was cloned and named as AcinHsp70 (GenBank entry number: OP750249) based on the transcriptome data (under different low temperature stress of A. cinerarius larvae). The physical and chemical properties of Hsp70 gene were analyzed by using bioinformation analysis software. qPCR was used to detect the expression profiles of AcinHsp70 under different temperature stresses (10,5, 0, 5 and 25 °C) and under different time treatments at 4 °C. [Result] The total length of CDS of AcinHsp70 sequence was 1899 bp, encoding 633 amino acids, the molecular weight of protein was 69.91 kDa, and the isoelectric point was 5.51. The N-terminus of the protein lacked a signal peptide and transmembrane region. Phosphorylation sites were identified at serine, threonine and tyrosine residues (24, 26, and 8 sites respectively). No glycosylation sites were observed. The average hydrophilicity of the protein was 0.507, with a predicted instability coefficient of 33. 19, indicating its stability as a hydrophilic protein. Subcellular localization analysis revealed predominant cytoplasmic distribution. The results of sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that the A. cinerarius was closely related to Melitaea cinxia, and the sequence identity reached 92.91%. Gene expression results showed that AcinHsp70 expression was not significantly different under different temperature (except for 10 °C) stress, and the expression was significantly up-regulated after recovery. The expression level of the AcinHsp70 exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, with maximum expression after 1 hour treatment at 4 °C. [Conclusion] AcinHsp70 is closely related to the response of A. cinerarius to low temperature stress, and the results help to reveal the molecular function of Acinhsp70 under low temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production and sales of high-quality fruits are inseparable from fruit quality testing, while traditional fruit quality testing methods have low precision, high cost, poor timeliness, and strong destructiveness. With the continuous advancement of science and technology in recent years, low-cost and high-efficiency non-destructive testing technology for fruit quality has been developed rapidly. Among them, hyperspectral imaging technology has gradually become a research hotspot. This paper summarizes the technical principle, application and development status of this technology in the field of fruit quality, and discusses its performance potential, existing problems, development trend and application prospects in the field of non-destructive testing of fruit quality. On the whole, hyperspectral imaging technology can non-destructively and efficiently realize the effective detection of various fruits and various quality indicators, such as maturity, sugar content, acidity, red index, etc.; Limited by hardware technology, its development focuses on data mining, that is, in the case of limited hardware development, accurate analysis results can be obtained through continuously updated and optimized targeted algorithms; on the other hand, expensive equipment, complex data processing, and poor model universality are the main problems that this technology needs to be further optimized and improved; Its future development will be based on efficient data processing of cloud computing and artificial intelligence, research and development of hyperspectral detection equipment for fruit quality with a wider range of applications, and multi-source comprehensive non-destructive testing. With the continuous development of technology, hyperspectral imaging technology has broad application prospects in non-destructive testing of fruit quality, and will become one of the important means of fruit quality testing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the equivalent elasticity theory for layered materials, the micro-mechanics equivalent models for single and dual damascene structures were established. The equivalent elastic constant of the patterned structure was introduced, to establish the propagation model for the surface acoustic waves propagating in the layered structure of the patterned film/substrate, and the theoretical dispersion curves of the surface acoustic waves were calculated with Green’s function and the matrix method. The finite element method was used to calculate 24 numerical examples of damascene structures with different volume ratios, and the results were compared with those of the strain energy method. The results show that, the average relative errors of the equivalent Young’s moduli of the 300 nm-thick dual damascene film and the 100 nm-thick single damascene film are 2.06% and 2.27%, respectively. The research verifies the correctness of the equivalent patterned structure model and the feasibility of the surface acoustic wave method to characterize the mechanical properties of patterned films, and provides a reference for the development of suitable chemico-mechanical polishing technologies for patterned films under low pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study was carried out to empirically evaluate the impacts of RCEP tariff concessions on the export of agricultural products to RCEP members in the Greater Bay Area, and provide policy implications for the Greater Bay Area to seize opportunities of RCEP to expand agricultural exports.【Method】The difference between the agreed tariff rates within 5 years of the RCEP's entry into force and effective tariff rates in 2021 were compared to identify tariff reduction of agricultural products imported from China by other members under the RCEP, and the tariff elasticity method was used to calculate the impact of tariff reduction on the export of agricultural products in the Greater Bay Area based on the product department with HS 4-digit code.【Result】Among the agricultural products exported in the Greater Bay Area, in the first year of the RCEP coming into force, 69 agricultural products are expected to be positively promoted by tariff concessions. Assuming that other factors remain unchanged, tariff concessions are expected to increase the total exports by 34.50% compared with those in 2021. In five years, a total of 80 kinds of agricultural products will be affected by tariff concessions, and the export volume is expected to increase by 48.20% over 2021; within five years after the entry into force of the RCEP, the tariff concessions faced by agricultural exports mainly come from Japan and Korea, so the promotion effect of tariff concessions is expected to mainly come from Japan and Korea, and a small amount of other growth comes from Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, and etc. Due to the differences in the scope and elasticity of tariff concessions, the promotion effects of tariff concessions on different categories of products are greatly different. Within five years after the entry into force of RCEP, the export growth effects of tariff concessions rank in the top ten categories of products, including 1211, 1604, 2103, 4409, 0301, 4412, 3503, 2005, 1302 and 2403.【Conclusion】In order to seize the opportunity of RCEP tariff concessions to expand agricultural exports, we should attach importance to the export promotion of agricultural products to Japan and Korea, support the production and export of advantageous agricultural products with large tax reduction effect and export basis and accelerate the promotion of agricultural product export facilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper expounded the harm of microcystis aeruginosa and microcystins ( MCS), the main algae in cyanobacteria bloom, analyzed the common process characteristics of oxidation method in chemical removal methods of algae, and pointed out the characteristics and existing problems of different oxidants in the process of algae removal. In view of the shortcomings of oxidation methods, clay, chitosan and their modified composites had been widely studied, their application progress in algae removal was reviewed. The applications of membrane treatment, plasma treatment and photocatalysis technology were analyzed. By summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods, it provided a reference for the treatment of algae-laden water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic reaction has important applications in the fields of degradation of harmful pollutants, conversion of greenhouse gases, production of hydrogen, elimination of harmful bacteria and so on. Tn recent years, ferroelectric materials with spontaneous polarization have been considered as a new candidate. Their spontaneous polarization can produce a built-in electric field and provide a driving force for the transmission of photogenerated carriers. This characteristic is expected to solve the thorny problem encountered in the field of photo catalysis, the recombination of electron hole pairs. Because of this characteristic, the research on the photocatalytic properties of ferroelectric materials mainly focuses on reducing the recombination of holes and electrons. But in fact, to improve the photocatalytic efficiency, we need to consider the whole catalytic process, including three key stages, photon absorption, separation and migration of photogenerated electron holes and terminal reaction. Focusing on the above three stages of photocatalytic process, this paper sorts out the typical a-chi eve merits in recent years, and combs the effective means to improve the catalytic performance of ferroelectric materials in different stages of photocatalysis. Tt is hoped that our summary can provide a useful reference for the follow-up research work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In this study, the transcriptome database of Apocheima cinerarius was established to annotate the functions of these genes and excavate olfactory related genes, aiming at exploring the phylogenetic relationship of olfactory sensory mechanism of A. cinerarius to-lay a molecular foundation for further of olfactory sensory mechanism of A. cinerarius, and it will be provide molecular informatics foundation for effective prevention and control of the insect [Method] With the aid of using new generation of high-throughput sequencing platform (Illumina HiSeqTM 2500) methords, we performed transcriptional profiling for male and female adults of A. cinerarius. After data assembly, olfactory related genes were screened, and the sequencing results were analyzed by genes clustering and functional annotation. [Result] 37 542 Unigenes were assembled from the transcriptome database( https :/ / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ search/all? term = PRJNA648143 ), and a total of 17 296 Unigenes were annotated by comparing the transcriptome data with the public database, these unigenes were 16. 3 % similar to Spoiklptera litura which is the most alike. 11 174 U nigenes were distributed in 55 functional groups in the GO database, including the three categories of cell components, molecular functions and biological processes. KEGG analysis results showed that a total of 5444 Unigenes formed 230 metabolic pathways. The combination of gene annotation information and blastp verified a total of 70 olfactory related genes, including 22 Odorant binding proteins (OBPs),23 Chemosensory proteins ( CSPs ),and 14 Odorant receptors (ORs) (including 13 Ordinary receptorsand 1 ORco), 8 lonotropic receptor( IRs) and 3 Sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The phylogenetic tree of 96 CSPs constructed with Ectropis oblique, Semiothisa cinerearia, Bombyx mori, Ostrinia furnacalis and the other four insects showed that A. cinerarius and E. oblique formed a clear orthologous pedigree, and a total of 9 pairs of CSPs were clustered in the same phylogenetic treebranch. [Conclusion] In this study, the transcriptome data of A. cinerarius adult was established for the first time, olfactory-related genes were identified, and investigated the phylogenetic evolution of the identified genes. These results provided basic molecular for the function research and olfactory recognition mechanism of A. cinerarius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplantation is a new way to prevent and cure intervertebral disc degeneration. However, whether the transplanted stem cells can survive, proliferate, differentiate, and restore the function of nucleus pulposus cells after transplantation, is the key and difficult point to overcome. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Bushenhuoxue decoction on survival, proliferation, and nucleus pulposus-like differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS: A Transwell chamber was used to construct a co-culture model of human adipose-derived stem cells and human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells. The experiment was divided into control group, model group, drug-containing serum group, and drug-free serum group. Except for the control group, the co-culture system of other groups was treated with 50 μmol/L tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours. The drug-containing serum group and drug-free serum group were treated with DMEM low-glucose complete culture medium containing drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction or drug-free serum with 20% volume fraction for 48 hours. The sublayer adipose-derived stem cells were taken. Toluidine blue staining was used to detect proteoglycan synthesis levels. Real-time PCR method was used to detect mRNA expression of type II collagen, proteoglycan and SRY-box transcription factor 9. The protein expression of SOX9 was detected by western blot assay. Lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to detect cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species, and β-galactosidase staining was used to detect cell senescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, the proportion of necrotic cells in the model group increased; toluidine blue staining became lighter, and the expression levels of type II collagen, proteoglycan, SOX9 mRNA and SOX9 protein decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction could significantly reduce cell injury and promote the expression of type II collagen, proteoglycan, SOX9 mRNA, and SOX9 protein (P < 0.05), but the improvement in the drug-free serum group was not significant (P > 0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the contents of cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, and cell senescence in the model group were significantly increased. Compared with the model group, the microenvironment of the coculture system was significantly improved by drug-containing serum of Bushenhuoxue decoction (P < 0.05), while drug-free serum had no significant effect on the microenvironment of the co-culture system (P > 0.05). (3) The results show that Bushenhuoxue decoction can promote the survival, proliferation, and nucleus pulposus-like differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The analysis of the floral fragrance and phenotypic traits of C. praecox could provide reference for the further development and utilization of C. praecox in field of medicine, variety identification and metabolism research.【Method】The aromatic components and their contents in eight genotypes of C. praecox were detected by headspace solid phase micro extraction(HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) methods.【Result】A total of 56 aromatic components were identified from the eight varieties of C. praecox, including in Ocimene, Benzyl alcohol, Benzyl acetate, Eugenol etc., terpenes, esters and alcohols were mainly components of C. praecox, eight genotypes of C. praecox could be divided into four groups, HLT015 and HLT016 were gathered for group I, XL002 and XL003 were gathered for group Ⅱ, HLT012, HLT017 and HLT040 were gathered for group Ⅲ, XL014 was group Ⅳ.【Conclusion】C. praecox in blossoming had unique fragrance among different varieties, which were not only related to the type of Ocimene, but also influenced by the content ratio of terpenes, esters, alcohols and other aromatic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

腰雄同盘定出症(LDH)是骨科多发性疾病,治疗方法校多,什刀治疗 LDH 具有独特的优势,是目前治疗该病最 常用的方法之一,且发展送速,该文踪述了针刀治疗 LDH 临床研究,预后评价和发展概況等方面. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common scoliosis deformity, accounting for about 80% of all scoliosis. Its pathogenesis is unknown. In recent years, the incidence rate has shown an obvious upward trend, which seriously threatens the physical and mental health of adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To perform the visualization analysis of the relevant literature on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in recent 20 years through the Bibliometrics method, and explore the research hotspots and trends in this field to provide references for further research. METHODS: The relevant articles included in the Web of Science core collection database from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2021 were searched by computer. The scientific knowledge map was drawn by CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software. The cooperation network, co-citation network, keyword co-occurrence, burst, clustering and timeline map were visually analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 5 245 papers were included. In the past 20 years, the annual publication volume has shown a fluctuating upward trend. The analysis of the cooperation network shows that the author with the most publications is Qiu Yong; the institution is Nanjing University; the country is USA. The author with the highest intermediary centrality is Lowe TG; the institution is Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, and the country is Switzerland. The cocitation network analysis exhibits that the author with the highest frequency of citations is Lenke LG; the document is Weinstein SL, 2013, N Engl J Med; the journal is Spine, and the author with the highest intermediary centrality is Suk SI, and the cited document is Danielsson AJ, 2001, Eur Spine J; the cited journal is Spine. Keyword analysis displays that the research hotspots mainly focus on conservative treatment, imaging parameters, pathogenesis, and genome-wide associations. Through the visualization analysis of the literature in this research field, this study clarifies the context of the research in this field, reveals the research hotspots and trends in this field, and provides research ideas and methods for many scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is a major agricultural country, emitting a large amount of corn cob solid waste annually, yet its comprehensive utilization rate is relatively low. Corn cobs have a lower thermal conductivity and can be used as natural insulation materials in concrete blocks. However, due to the porous structure of corn cobs, the compressive strength of corn cob aggregate concrete is relatively low and urgently requires modification. In order to promote the scaled utilization of corn cob and use them to improve the properties of concrete blocks, this study explored the effects of three different modification techniques, such as epoxy resin modification, the modification methods of ceramide and coating, on the chemical bond and molecular structure of hydration products, microstructure of interfacial transition zone, compressive strength and thermal conductivity of corn cob aggregate concrete by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that compared with epoxy resin modification, the modification methods of ceramide and coating not only increased the content of calcium silicate hydrate gel in the interfacial transition zone of corn cob aggregate concrete, but also reduced the thickness of interfacial transition zone, optimized its microstructure, improved the compressive strength, and reduced the thermal conductivity of concrete blocks. Among them, the effect of ceramide modification method is particularly significant. The order of characteristic peak of calcium silicate hydrate gel in the interface transition zone was the modification methods of ceramide, the modification methods of coating, epoxy resin modification. After ceramide modification, coating modification, and epoxy resin modification, the thickness of the interfacial transition zones of the corn cob aggregate concrete were no distinct interfacial transition zone, between 55～ 66 μm, and between 93～ 101 μm, respectively. Compared with concrete with original corn cob aggregate, the thermal conductivity and compressive strength of concrete with 30% ceramide method modificated corn cob aggregate decreased by 51.5% and 32.2%, respectively. When the proportion of modified corn cob aggregate did not exceed 15%, the concrete blocks met the national standards MU20～MU30 for compressive strength. To improve the overall performance of corn cob aggregate concrete blocks, it is recommended to incorporate no more than 15% of corn cob aggregate with ceramide modification method. This research provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale utilization of corn cobs in concrete blocks, and provides a reference for the further improvement of the relevant properties of concrete blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of vane pump toward high pressure direction, the requirement for the friction condition of its flow distribution pair is more stringent. The temperature rise of oil film in flow distribution pair which is composed by distribution plate and rotor will cause thermal deformation of flow distribution pair and affect the fitting clearance. Especially when the valid oil film cannot be formed by the flow distribution pair, the local temperature rise is more obvious, which will lead to the solid surface contact friction in the local area of the friction surface, and affect the normal operation of the vane pump. In order to improve the performance of high-pressure vane pump and the friction characteristics of the flow distribution pair, in this paper, the temperature rise of different parts of the oil film in the flow distribution pair was studied by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental test. For the convenience of analysis, the oil film was divided into six parts, which were shared out equally in the oil suction area and the oil discharge area. According to the flow state of the oil film in the flow distribution pair, the mathematical models of oil film temperature rise in the oil suction area and the oil discharge area were established respectively. The curves of temperature rise with working pressure in oil suction area and with sliding velocity in oil discharge area were obtained by calculation. The geometric model of the oil film was set up and meshed. Through the numerical calculation, the temperature distribution nephograms were obtained when pump working in the pressure of 3, 7 and 11 MPa. Finally, eight temperature sensors were installed at different radial and circumferential positions to measure the temperature of the oil film at eight acquisition points when the pump worked on three different pressures above. The actual temperature rise curve of the oil film of the flow distribution pair was obtained by subtracting the oil temperature rise data from the original data. The results showed that theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and experimental test results were close with small relative error. The temperature rise was affected by the working pressure and the thickness of the oil film, and it increased with the increase of pressure when the thickness of oil film was constant, while decreased with the increase of the thickness of oil film when the working pressure was constant. The temperature rise of oil film in the inner and outer layer of the oil suction area was different. And the temperature rise of oil film in the outer layers was 0.5 ℃ to 1 ℃, higher than that in the inner layer. The temperature rise of oil film in oil suction area was affected by both shear flow and differential pressure flow, while the temperature rise of oil film in oil discharge area was mainly affected by shear flow. Under the same working pressure, the temperature rise of oil film in oil suction area was 1.5 - 3.5 ℃, higher than that in oil discharge area. The temperature rise of the oil film in the outer layer of the oil discharge area was higher than that in the inner layer. The temperature rise of inner layer and outer layer oil film increases along the circumference from both sides to the center, and the largest temperature rise in the center position, with the difference being about 0.25 - 0.5 ℃. The research provides a reference for the oil film design of the flow distribution pair in high-pressure vane pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Grove Mountains are considered as inland continuation of Prydz belt in East Antarctica, and could provide important constraints for the tectonic nature of Prydz belt. Most of the basement in Grove Mountains is hidden beneath the ice sheet, the sparse exposures of bedrocks are insufficient to fully show the geological characteristics of the entire Grove Mountains. A number of moraine belts exposed on the glaciers of Grove Mountains may carry information about the geology of Grove subglacial highlands in greater scope and depth, and play an irreplaceable role in revealing the material composition and tectonic evolution of Grove Mountains. The types and distribution characteristics of glacial moraines in Grove Mountains were summarized, and the study on petrology, isotopic chronology and zircon Hf isotopic analysis of the glacial moraines in Grove Mountains in the recent decades was reviewed. The subglacial highlands are more complex in composition to the exposed bedrock in Grove Mountains, which only experience a single Pan-African metamorphic cycle. The wide distribution of high-pressure granulites suggests that at least part of Grove subglacial highlands undergo Pan-African high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism. In contrast with Prince Charles Mountains-Prydz Bay region, the Grove subglacial highlands have earlier metamorphic ages and higher degree of metamorphism, suggesting that the collision suture of Prydz belt should lie to the south of Grove subglacial highlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatectomy has mom complex surgical procedure and process than general surgeries. Although postoperative mortality of hepa-tectomy has been reduced significantly in this century, the incidence rate of postoperative complications remains at a high level. At present. there am fewer studies on risk factors and prediction systems for posthepatectomy complications. This article introduces the definition of posthepatectomy complications. analyzes the risk factors and prediction systems for bile leakage. liver failure. postoperative hemorrhage. and Clavien - Dindo complication pointed out in recent studies, and summarizes the common risk factors for posthepatectomy complications. i. e. . thrombocytopenia. non - anatomic liver resection . extensive liver tissue resection. and a low serum level of albumin. We hope to raise the awareness of these common risk factors among surgeons. reduce the incidence rate of postoperative complications, and improve the degree of satisfaction with surgical tmatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the dynamic system method, the qualitative performance and the exact solution of the general nonlinear Schrodinger equation with derivative were studied. Through the traveling wave transformation, the corresponding ordinary differential equation was deduced and the first integral was calculated. Under different parameter space conditions, the bifurcations of the general nonlinear Schrodinger equation with derivative were investigated, and the exact traveling wave solutions were obtained, such as solitary solutions, periodic solutions as well as kink and anti-kink solutions. The solitary wave solutions were considered through numerical simulation. The results show that the present findings improve the related previous conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的探讨多种创新教学方法相结合在西医院校中医学教学中的效果。方法选取该校同一年级、同 一专业、同样学时及同一学期上课的2014级二本临床专业6个班的学生作为研究对象，将其随机分为教改组（136人）和 对照组（149人）2个大班进行教学。教改组采用视听教材+PPT、中西医对比法、以问题为基础的教学法、练习法及实物展 示法相结合的教学方法；对照组采用PPT课件加传统授课模式的教学方法。通过调查问卷、临床病例分析能力测验、期 末考试成绩比较两组的教学质量，分析、评价教改组的教学方法改革的实践运用效果。结果教改组学生对本门课产生 的兴趣明显高于对照组，且教改组满意度明显高于对照组，而对照组提出改进建议人数明显多于教改组，差异均有统 计学意义（P<0.05）。教改组在全对、病因病机分析、辨证分析、诊断、治则代表方的正确率上均明显高于对照组，差异均 有统计学意义（P<0.05）。教改组各分数段的期末考试成绩均明显多于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论多 种创新教学方法相结合的教学方法，使学生积极参与教学，提高了学生综合素质，使教学质量显著提升。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】By studying the hyperspectral characteristics of apple damage and establishing the best classification model of apple damaged area based on hyperspectral imaging, we can provide an important basis for realtime, rapid and accurate identification of apple damage.【Method】This paper investigates the use of hyperspectral image technology to detect mechanical damage on fruit surfaces using apple samples collected from Pinggu District, Beijing as the research object. Using the hyperspectral image (HSI) data in the range of 390-1 000 nm, the spectral response characteristics of the damaged and normal ROI areas was analysed by ratio spectroscopy, and three types of spectral indexes, namely the normalized difference spectral index (NDSI), the ratio spectral index (RSI) and the difference spectral index (DSI) were selected and constructed to better highlight the characteristics of the damaged areas..On the basis of these indexes, the spectral indexes with better ability to extract damage areas were selected, and the unsupervised data clustering algorithm of iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm (ISODATA) was used to extract apple damage areas.【Result】 The spectral reflectance changed significantly when the apple surface was damaged. After waveband optimization, it was found that the reflectance of 528 nm and 676 nm could effectively identify the abnormal areas. Based on the selected feature bands, the recognition spectral indexes for apple damage detection were constructed, including NDSI, RSI and DSI. By the pixel value analysis of the spectral index images, the damaged area features were distinguished from the normal area features in each SI enhanced image obviously. Among them, the difference between the NDSI pixel averages of the two types of image features was the largest, reaching 0.629, which indicated that the established NDSI has a strong ability to distinguish between the damaged area and normal area features. Using the unsupervised classification method ISODATA classification, it was verified that the spectral feature index has high specificity in detecting apple damage, and the accuracy rate of apple damage reached 92.50%. 【Conclusion】The results are applicable to the real-time and rapid detection of apple damage, providing a technical basis and reliable reference for the accurate management of apple production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess prevalence and risk factors of illness within the past 2 weeks among rural residents in Menglian，under the background of essential public health service implemented generally. Methods In February 2012， the questionnaire method was employed to investigate the two-week morbidity in 2011 rural residents sampled by multistage stratified random sampling from Menglian population. Results The prevalence， that of illness within two-week among 2011 rural residents in Menglian， was 97.5‰ （95%CI 84.5‰-110.5‰） . It was lower than that of the rural region IV in China （149.6‰， ＜0.05） ．Its age trend was the same as that of the rural region IV in China，the prevalence in 0-14 years old children，however，was higher than the counterpart in the rural region IV in China. The diseases，which two-week morbidity ranked the top five， were acute upper respiratory infection， acute gastroenteritis， hyperostosis， acute tracheobronchitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The results of multilevel logistic regression model fitted by group-level explanatory variable mountainous area， individual-level random slopes variable gender and other individual background variables indicated that there were across-level interactions between mountainous area and gender （ ＜0.05），the family income lower than RMB 15000 （odds ration 3.2378， 95%CI 1.9014-5.5130） and age （odds ration 1.0163， 95%CI 1.0002-1.0327） had a positive effect to two-week morbidity， and contrasting to unmarried， married had a negative effect to two-week morbidity （odds ratio 0.4727， 95%CI 0.2534-0.8819） . Conclusions Comparing with that of the rural region IV in China before implementing essential public health service，the two-week morbidity in Menglian was lower. For further elevating the health level of population， the strategies，such as intensifying material and child hygiene in the mountain area， improving sanitary conditions of low income family， and updating health consciousness in single population，would be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural revitalization is the spiritual foundation of rural revitalization, which runs through all fields and the whole process of rural revitalization. The construction of agricultural culture museum is one of the important ways to carry on Chinese traditional culture, strengthen cultural self-confidence and realize the revival of rural culture. It is also an urgent need for Xinyang to accelerate its green rise, realize the "Two betters" and comprehensively build socialist modernization in the new era. Based on the background of rural revitalization strategy, this paper makes a scientific analysis of the characteristics of agricultural culture and the development of rural museums in Xinyang, discusses the construction of municipal agricultural culture museums led by the government, and puts forward policy suggestions for their future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wireless sensor networks, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) regularly cruise around the sensor-covered area to collect the data sensed by the sensors. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels, information is more likely to be eavesdropped by illegal nodes on the ground, which makes the security of wireless com-munication challenging. Through UAV trajectory planning and sensor power control, the security of wireless communication can be guaranteed in the physical layer. However, in the existing researches on UAV-assisted wireless communication trajectory planning, the minimum communication time required by sensors is not considered to ensure the quality of service. To solve this problem, the minimum communication time con-straint is added. By jointly optimizing the trajectory of UAV, the transmission power of sensors and the scheduling order of UAV serving sensors, the problem of maximizing the average secrecy rate is proposed. The non-convexity of this problem is also proved. In order to solve the proposed non-convex problem, the original problem is decomposed into three subproblems, and a fast convergent iterative algorithm TPA is proposed, which uses block coordinate descending, continuous convex optimization and iterative rounding method. The experimental results show that TPA improves the average secrecy rate by 15.7% on average in comparison to the baseline scheme without trajectory optimization, and by 159.8% on average in comparison to the baseline scheme without power control. In comparison to the baseline scheme without the minimum communication time constraint, TPA improves the task completion rate on average by 44.6% and 27.1%, when the UAV flight period is greater than 70s under two different task distribution situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Fixed-point rotation manipulation of cervical spine is a mechanical operation with high technical requirements, but the biomechanics of fixedpoint manipulation of cervical spine still lacks relevant quantitative data. Moreover, the research on the influencing factors of cervical fixed-point rotation manipulation includes many parameters and there are differences, so it is necessary to further analyze its influencing factors to improve its related data. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the biomechanical parameters of cervical spine fixed-point rotation manipulation, explore the correlation between different biomechanical parameters, and the influence of individual characteristics of the subjects on the biomechanical parameters of cervical spine fixed-point rotation manipulation. METHODS: Totally 35 cases of cervical spondylosis were Outpatients from Orthopedic Department of Renai Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine and selected as the subjects investigated. Wearable mechanical measuring gloves were used to collect biomechanical parameters of cervical spine fixed-point rotation manipulation, including: thumb preload, thumb maximum thrust, palm preload, palm wrench force, and palm wrench maximum force. Personal characteristic parameters were collected, including age, height, weight, and neck circumference. The key biomechanical parameters in the process of cervical spine fixed-point rotation manipulation were analyzed and different individual characteristics were quantified. The results of biomechanical parameters were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. The possible effects of different individual characteristic parameters on biomechanics were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with bilateral mechanical parameters, there was no significant difference between left manipulation and right manipulation (P > 0.05). (2) The average of thumb preload force was (7.21±1.19) N; the average of thumb maximum thrust was (28.40±4.48) N; the average of palm preload was (5.67±2.49) N; the average of palm wrench force was (10.90±5.11) N, and the average of palm wrench maximum force was (16.00±7.27) N. (3) There was a significant positive correlation between palm preload and palm wrench force (Rs=0.812, P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between palm preload and palm wrench maximum force (Rs=0.773, P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between palm wrench force and palm wrench maximum force (Rs=0.939, P < 0.01). (4) The weight was positively correlated with thumb preload, palm preload, palm wrench force and palm wrench maximum force (P < 0.05). (5) These findings confirm that there is a certain biomechanical standard value in the operation of cervical spine fixed-point rotation manipulation to treat cervical spondylosis. There is no significant difference between the left and right manipulations, which indicates that the manipulation has good consistency and repeatability. There is consistency and coordination among palm preload force, palm wrench force, and palm wrench maximum force. Their contributions to the therapeutic effect are similar. Body weight is an important factor affecting cervical spine fixed-point rotation manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的探讨乳管内占位性病变手术定位与围术期护理效果。方法选取2014年1月至2016年12月该院收治确诊乳管内占位性病变患者58例,并分析乳管内占位性病变手术定位与围术期护理临床疗效。结果 58例患者均成功进行了手术,术后病理显示单发导管内乳头状瘤35例,多发导管内乳头状瘤20例,导管内乳头状癌3例。术后出现切口内积液15例,经过反复抽吸后消失。结论有效的手术定位及积极的术后护理对患者恢复具有积极促进作用。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is difficult to be detected in the early stage, and the pathogenesis is not clear. Therefore, steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is liable to be ignored and misses the best treatment time, resulting in a high disability rate in the late stage. Studies have shown that non-coding RNA is associated with the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the relevant literature worldwide and to review the regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNA expression on the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, so as to further understand its pathogenesis. METHODS: A search of PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP was performed for articles related to non-coding RNA and steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The keywords were “miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, glucocorticoids, steroid, dexamethasone, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells” in English and Chinese, respectively. Reproductive studies and non-reference literatures were excluded, and 48 eligible articles were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Non-coding RNA is involved in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by regulating the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteocyte metabolism, vascular endothelial cell formation and lipid metabolism. Non-coding RNA is expected to be a biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Interference with abnormally expressed non-coding RNAs or miRNAs of exosomal origin may become a new strategy for the clinical treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study was carried out to establish a technical system suitable for tissue culture and rapid propagation of Pholidota chinensis Lindl.【Method】With the whole plant of P. chinensis Lindl as test material, the growth of explants was studied, the best explant and culture medium were selected, and the culture conditions such as seed germination and seedling proliferation were optimized.【Result】The best explant for tissue culture of P. chinensis Lindl. was the seed, and its roots, rhizomes and pseudobulbs did not germinate, but the seeds could germinate. The optimum culture formula of P. chinensis Lindl. was 1/2MS + 6-BA 1.5 mg/L + NAA 0.8 mg/L+6-KT 0.1 mg/L and the protocorm of P. chinensis Lindl. turned green under this condition. The organic matter selection of strong se edlings was conducted by adding banana puree (50 g/L), mashed potato (50 g/L) and coconut water (50 mL/L) to the basal medium, and it was found that the overall growth of P. chinensis Lindl. in the medium with banana puree was good and uniform with many pseudobulbs, and the plant height and leaf length were better than those of the P. chinensis Lindl. with mashed potato or coconut water added to the medium. Finally, 50 g/L banana puree was selected as the best organic matter added to the medium in the subsequent experiment. The best culture formula for the optimization of strong seedlings was 1/2MS + 50 g/L banana puree + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L + 6-KT 0.3 mg/ L. Under this condition, the P. chinensis Lindl. grew well and the plant height was better. The best medium formula for rooting of strong seedlings was MS + 50 g/L banana puree + IBA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L. Under this condition, there were more pseudobulbs and more aerial roots on the seedlings.【Conclusion】To establish a technical system suitable for tissue culture and rapid propagation of P.chinensis Lindl. seeds, the best formula for the germination culture of P. chinensis Lindl. seeds is 1/2MS + 6-BA 1.5 mg/L + NAA 0.8 mg/L+6-KT 0.1 mg/L; the optimum culture formula for the optimization of strong seedlings is 1/2MS + 50 g/L banana puree + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L + 6-KT 0.3 mg/L; the best medium formula for rooting is MS + 50 g/L banana puree + IBA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L. The study results lay a foundation for the resource conservation and utilization of P. chinensis Lindl. and its large-scale production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Tongtian oral liquid combined with urinary kallidinogenase on patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 118 cases with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology of this hospital from October 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the research objects, and were divided into the control group and the observation group according to different treatment methods, with 59 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine basic treatment, and the control group was given urinary kallidinogenase, and the observation group was given Tongtian oral liquid on the basis of the control group. After 14 days of treatment, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) score, total effective rate and adverse reaction of the two groups were compared. Results There was no difference in NIHSS score between the two groups before treatment(P>0. 05). Compared with before treatment, the NIHSS score of the two groups decreased in different degrees after treatment, and the observation group was less than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). The total effective rate of the observation group [93. 22%(55/59)] was better than that of the control group [77. 97%(46/59)],with statisitical significance(P<0. 05). There was no obvious adverse reaction in the control group, but there were two cases of abdominal pain and one case of rash in the observation group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0. 05). Conclusion Combined use of urinary kallidinogenase and Tongtian oral liquid can effectively improve the neurological function of patients with acute cerebral infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Researches have shown that biphasic calcium phosphate can be used as an effective bone substitute for the repair of critical-size defects in animal models with osteoporosis, and osteoporosis adipose-derived stem cells (OP-ASCs) is promising for medical applications in patients with osteoporotic fractures and its secondary bone defects. The previous research results of the research group showed that compared with normal adipose-derived stem cells, the in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of OP-ASCs from osteoporosis mice were obviously reduced. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of OP-ASCs combined with biphasic calcium phosphate on the repair of calvarial critical-size defects in osteoporotic mice. METHODS: Eighteen C57BL/6 female mice were divided into three groups randomly: blank group, biphasic calcium phosphate group, and OP-ASCs/biphasic calcium phosphate group. The models of osteoporosis with calvarial critical-size defects were established in each group, and then the blank group was not implanted with materials. The biphasic calcium phosphate and OP-ASCs/biphasic calcium phosphate groups were implanted with biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds only, and OP-ASCs/biphasic calcium phosphate admixtures separately. The mice were sacrificed at the 8 (n=3) and 12 (n=3) weeks. The differences in bone formation at the calvarial defects were detected by micro-CT, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Masson Trichrome staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was a small amount of bone formation in the blank group both at 8 and 12 weeks after implantation, and the new bone tissue grown well in both the biphasic calcium phosphate group and the OP-ASCs/biphasic calcium phosphate group; the OP-ASCs/biphasic calcium phosphate group achieved more bone formation than that of the biphasic calcium phosphate group (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with that at 8 weeks, both the biphasic calcium phosphate group and the OP-ASCs/biphasic calcium phosphate group showed more bone formation at 12 weeks (P < 0.05), and the difference of bone formation between the OP-ASCs/biphasic calcium phosphate group and the biphasic calcium phosphate group was more obvious than that at 8 weeks (P < 0.05). (3) To conclude, OP-ASCs combined with biphasic calcium phosphate could repair the calvarial critical-size defects in osteoporosis mice effectively to some extent, and the effect is better than that of the biphasic calcium phosphate used alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to explore the processing technology of purple corn stalk silage, a two-factor randomized block test was used to set up two factors such as microbial silage additives and storage time to study the change of purple corn stalk silage quality. The experiment designed four treatment groups, namely control group (CK), composite microbial inoculum 1 (CM1), composite microbial inoculum 2 (CM2) and composite microbial inoculum 3 (CM3). At 30, 60, 90, 120 d after silage, the cans were opened for quality analysis. The results showed that there was no significant interaction effect between the additive treatment and storage time on the quality indexes of purple corn stalk silage (P>0.05). Compared with CK, the content of DM, ADF and NDF of CM2 were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the NFC content, TDN content and the milk ton index of CM2 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with 30 d silage, the content of SP, NFC and EE in purple corn stalk silage were significantly reduced at 90 and 120 d (P<0.05), but the content of ADF, NDF, ADL and ash increased significantly (P<0.05). The VFA content was significantly reduced at 60, 90 and 120 d (P<0.05), the acetic acid content, 30-hour NDF digestibility and milk ton index were significantly increased (P<0.05). TDN content and 30-hour in vitro DM digestibility increased significantly on 60 d (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that it was recommended to use microbial agent CM2 as additive in purple corn straw silage for 60 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There is no objective and systematic analysis of data reported in the literature regarding pelvic reduction techniques, which is not conducive to the rapid and intuitive understanding of relevant research trends. OBJECTIVE: To search Chinese and English databases for all research data on pelvic reduction techniques, and to analyze the current regional characteristics, research status and development trends of pelvic reduction techniques. METHODS: A search of CNKI and Web of Science was performed for all relevant literatures on pelvic reduction published from inception to March 26, 2020. CiteSpace software was used to perform a document visual analysis in terms of publication year, country, journal content as well as author cooperation, document types, and key words. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In total, 149 articles were included, and the number of publications was generally on the rise. The number of publications was the most in the United Stated, with the highest citations, whereas China ranked 5th, with mutual references with the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia ranking at the top. The research hotspots in this field mainly include the application of pelvic reduction techniques to deal with diseases of orthopedics and traumatology, and American chiropractic treatments for pelvic reduction that affect the reproductive and urinary systems in men and women. The clinical application of pelvic reduction techniques was relatively simple in the early stage, and mostly limited to related diseases of orthopedics and traumatology. With the development and maturity of medical technology, related reduction techniques have developed to focus on orthopedics and traumatology, rehabilitation, as well as rehabilitative therapies for diseases in gynecology, obstetrics, urology, and sports. With the continuous deepening of research on pelvic reconstruction techniques, increasingly closed exchanges between China and foreign countries and more complete data sharing platform, related applications and research prospects look promising. Existing pelvic reduction techniques focus on the displacement of bony joints, whereas further exploration on the longterm efficacy is warranted. Pelvic reduction makes some changes in tissue structure displacement, which influences vascular hemodynamics, nerve conduction, biochemical factors and signal pathways. This may be the future direction of in-depth research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study aimed to clone, and analyze the bioinformatics, expression patterns and tobacco genetic transformation of NnTOM1 gene in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), which would provide a foundation for further study on the function of NnTOM1 gene.【Method】NnTOM1 gene was obtained by cloning, and its protein physicochemical properties, and conserved domain etc. were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The tissue-specific expression of NnTOM1 gene was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The biological function of NnTOM1 gene was preliminarily verified by tobacco genetic transformation.【Result】The study revealed that the coding sequence (CDS) of NnTOM1 gene was 1191 bp, which encoded 396 amino acids, and the protein molecular formula was C1918H3130N560O589S16. The secondary structure of the protein was mainly composed of α-helix and random coil. It contained the TOM family conserved domains (VHS-ENTH-ANTH and GAT), which was localized in the cytoplasm. Multiple sequences comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that NnTOM1 protein was closely related to Macadamia integrifolia, Telopea speciosissima and Macleaya cordata, and the sequence identity was high. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of NnTOM1 gene was highest in petalized stamens and lowest in roots, moreover, it was higher in multiple-petal varieties than single-petal varieties. The phenotype of NnTOM1 positive transgenic plants showed that compared with the wild type, the color of the petals was deepened, the tip of the petals was pointed, the spacing of the petals was widen, and the filaments were longer and obviously longer than the style. The OE-1 strain with a phenotype of 6 petals had one more petal than the wild type.【Conclusion】The NnTOM1 gene in lotus might be involved in flower organs development. The study provided a preliminary basis for further study on the function of NnTOM1 gene, and provided a new gene resource for breeding of new lotus varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lumbar fixed-point rotation operation needs collaborative operation of the doctor’s hands, and outputs rotation and thumb thrust. Lumbar disc herniation can be treated through disc displacement and adjusting stress distribution. However, the mechanical effects of thumb thrust and the biomechanical effects of loading direction on manipulative effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical difference of lumbar fixed-point rotation manipulation for treating lumbar disc herniation under different thrust directions. METHODS: The L3-5 normal three-dimensional finite element model was constructed and validity was verified. According to the intervertebral disc degeneration Pfirrmann grade, intervertebral disc degeneration was simulated by modifying the L4/5 intervertebral space height, the volume of the nucleus pulposus, as well as the material parameters of the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and ligament. Finally, the pathological model of L4/5 moderate disc degeneration with left para-central herniation was constructed, and then the pathological models were used as research objects. Simulation technique: spinning to the right; taking the condition on changing the direction of the thumb thrust to establish three modes of operation (M1: thumb push to the left; M2: thumb push to the right; M3: no thrust push). The protrusion displacement and the disc stress, and the stress and strain of the facet joint cartilage were compared in the three operating modes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Maximum displacement value of L4/5 disc herniation: displacement was 2.672 3 mm for M1, 1.156 1 mm for M2, 1.826 4 mm for M3, M1 > M3 > M2. (2) The maximum Von Mises stress of L4/5 discs was 1.846 7 MPa for M1, 0.419 0 MPa for M2, and 1.257 9 MPa for M3, M1 > M3 > M2. (3) L4/5 bilateral small cartilage produced different degrees of contact stress changes: It was 0.485 5 MPa for M1, 0.026 7 MPa for M2, and 0.441 4 MPa for M3, M1 > M3 > M2. Right cartilage contact force was 0.000 5 MPa for M1, 0.025 9 MPa for M2, and 0.001 3 MPa for M3, M2 > M3 > M1; the left greater than the right, M1 had the highest value; cartilage strain was consistent with contact stress changes. (4) Different operation modes will have some biomechanical influences on the diseased intervertebral disc and accessory structure. The M1 operation mode can maximize the displacement of protrusion, disc stress and left joint cartilage contact, which can better promote disc displacement, balance stress distribution and reduce facet joint disorder, so the operation is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Previous literature reported that the fusion cage moved more than 2 mm from its original position, which means that the fusion cage moved backward. At present, clinical observation has found that the factors leading to the displacement of the fusion cage are complex, and the relationship between these factors and the cage retropulsion is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors related to cage retropulsion after lumbar interbody fusion. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted in 200 patients who underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery with a polyetheretherketone interbody fusion from February 2020 to February 2022. According to the distance from the posterior edge of the vertebral fusion cage to the posterior edge of the vertebral body after the operation (the second day after the removal of the drainage tube) and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation, patients were [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown the correlation between lumbosacral sagittal plane parameters and natural absorption of lumbar disc herniation. However, the lumbosacral sagittal plane parameters included lumbar lordosis angle, lumbosacral joint angle, sacral inclination angle and many other parameters. The effects of each parameter on the natural absorption of the herniated disc were different. In addition, there are few studies on the reabsorption of a specific segment of intervertebral disc herniation at present, and most of the measured data are obtained from digital radiography or CT, while the correlation between lumbosacral sagittal plane parameters measured from MRI and reabsorption after L5/S1 intervertebral disc herniation is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To study the corresponding changes of lumbar sagittal plane parameters after L5/S1 intervertebral disc herniation reabsorption and to screen out the lumbosacral sagittal plane parameters with the most significant changes during intervertebral disc reabsorption. METHODS: Totally 57 patients with lumbar disc herniation who had complete MRI image data were selected and met the diagnostic criteria for lumbar disc herniation and only received non-surgical treatment for reabsorption of L5/S1 protrusion segments. MRI measured the protrusion area of the maximum protrusion plane in the coronal plane, lumbosacral sagittal plane parameters [lumbar curvature index, lumbar lordosis (α), L5/S1 disc angle (β), intervertebral height measurement, lumbosacral joint angle, sacral platform angle, sacral inclination angle, and lower lumbar lordosis angle]. Besides, lumbosacral sagittal plane parameters were ranked in the importance of variables by random forest model in R software, and then significant variables were fitted with multiple linear regression. The changes between parameters before and after treatment were analyzed and compared by paired sample t-test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 57 patients with L5/S1 lumbar disc herniation were included in this study, and the symptoms and imaging features of the patients were significantly relieved to a large extent. (2) Before treatment, there were 4 cases of grade 1, 29 cases of grade 2 and 24 cases of grade 3 according to the Classification of Michigan State University. After treatment, there were 48 cases of grade 1 and 9 cases of grade 2. (3) The random forest model suggested that intervertebral height, lumbar curve index, sacral inclination angle, and lower lumbar lordosis angle changed significantly in L5/S1 disc herniation reabsorption, and the order of their change significance was lumbar curve index > intervertebral space height > sacral inclination angle > lower lumbar lordosis angle. (4) Lumbar curve index, lumbar lordosis and sacral platform angle increased, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in disc angle, intervertebral height, lower lumbar lordosis angle, sacral inclination angle or lumbosacral joint angle (P > 0.05). (5) Lumbar curvature index was the most significant parameter of the lumbosacral sagittal plane in herniated disc reabsorption. In addition, lumbar curve index, sacral inclination angle, and lower lumbar lordosis angle are commonly used clinically to describe the change of lumbar curvature, suggesting that L5/S1 disc herniation reabsorption is correlated with the change of lumbar curvature. It is indicated that in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, a clinical cure can be achieved by improving or restoring the disordered lumbar curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transitional zone of Beijing Bay forms the mountain-plain boundary lines and rural-urban social distinctions. The balance of ecological protection and economic development dominates in the regional boundary. Therefore, there is a significant gradient effect on the supply of ecosystem service in the Beijing Bay. In this study, nine typical ecosystem services were evaluated in the Beijing Bay using grids as the research unit, according to the biophysical processes formed by ecosystem services. Vegetation coverage and land development intensity were used to characterize gradient effect of ecosystem services, further to delineate four partitions with the dominant ecosystem service. The results showed that: 1) There was remarkable spatial variation in the distribution of ecosystem services due to the different formation process and influencing factors. Some services, such as food supply, increased from the hilly mountain to plain areas, indicating that ecosystem was greatly affected by human activity. The supply of ecosystem services, such as biodiversity, showed an opposite trend, due to ecosystem types and biophysical processes increased from flat plain to mountain. Specifically, water conservation and recreation determined the supply of ecosystem services. 2) Except recreation, most ecosystem services showed obviously gradient effects with vegetation coverage and i land development intensity. Each ecosystem service can be identified 0-2 mutation points along the change of two factors. In vegetation coverage, the mutation points of ecosystem services were 0.45-0.56, whereas in the intensity of land development were 15%-31%. Food supply and water quality regulation revealed a dramatic decrease as the increase in vegetation coverage between two identified mutation points. Water retention, quality regulation of air and soil increased significantly with the increase of vegetation coverage below the one identified mutation point. Carbon storage and erosion control constantly increased as the increase in vegetation coverage. Biodiversity enhanced remarkably with the increase of vegetation coverage between two identified mutation points. Food supply and water quality regulation showed an increasing trend with the improvement of land development intensity. Other ecosystem services continuously showed a significant downward trend with the increase in the intensity of land development. There was no mutation in water retention, carbon storage, erosion control and soil quality regulation with land development intensity. 3) Using the mutation points of vegetation coverage and land development intensity, the transitional zone of Beijing Bay was divided into four ecological regions, where the vegetation coverage of 0.45 and 15% intensity of land development. Natural or near natural region was dominated by regulation services, whereas the artificial area was dominated by supply services. Both semi-natural and semi-artificial regions were dominated by regulation and supply services, with an emphasis on a certain transitional feature. An optimized strategy of ecosystem services was proposed, according to the characteristics of different ecological regions. The findings can provide a sound basis for ecological protection, ecological restoration, and compensation policies, further to promote the sustainable development of local ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the southeastern part of Tibet, rivers are densely landscaped and lakes are numerous. There are a large number of glacier lakes in the alpine and high mountain areas. With the impact of global warming, the glacial lake outbursts disaster pose a fatal threat to the security of people’s lives and property,and the traffic safety of the Sichuan-Tibet line. It’s crucial for us to judge the degree of hazard about the glacial lake accurately, efficiently and comprehensively. Obviously,according to the specific situation of the eastern Tibet,the traditional method of assessing the degree of risk is not accurate enough.On the basis of traditional evaluation methods, this paper used Fisher discriminant analysis method to identify 472 ice lakes in the study area, and made risk assessment and analysis.Among them, 6 glacial lakes were assessed to be high risk area, 10 glacial lakes with moderate risk, and the dangerous degree of 456 glacial lakes was lower. The analysis showed that the area of GL09 and its downstream areas were at high risk, Duoyilongba, Qudulongba, Naqionglongba and its downstream areas were relatively dangerous areas, while the other areas with moderate risk degree were relatively safe areas. This paper covers a lot of content,such as selects six dangerous characteristic indexes of the glacial lake, and calculates the dangerous coefficient of the glacier lake’s outburst which provides an important reference value for comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the danger of glacier lakes on the southeastern Tibetan transportation trunk line (Linzhi Section) and site selection of Sichuan-Tibet railway construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the mechanical characteristics and failure mechanism of the jet mixing anchor pile, the model of the single jet mixing anchor pile under tension was established by using ABAQUS software. In this paper, the displacement of each cross section of the model with different amounts of strands and the effect of plate on deformation of the jet mixing anchor pile had been studied. The results show that the number of steel strands can change the failure mode of the jet mixing anchor pile, have little effect to the distribution of side friction of cement mixing piles, and have great influence to the top displacement. Considering the safety and cost of engineering, it is suitable for three steel strands. In addition, the anchor plate should be set in terminal of steel strands and it can effectively reduce the slip between the steel strands and cement soil, due to turning shear force into compression partially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have found that silk fibroin-chitosan scaffold carrying bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can repair cartilage defect in rabbits, but further exploration on the biocompatibility of tissue engineered cartilage is yet to be done. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biocompatibility of tissue engineered cartilage that is constructed in vitro by silk fibroin-chitosan scaffold with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Three-dimensional silk fibroin-chitosan scaffolds were prepared in a ratio of 1:1. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted, induced and seeded onto the silk fibroin-chitosan scaffold to construct the cell-scaffold composite. The composite was then implanted into a rabbit joint defect model for cartilage repair. There were three groups in the present study: experiment group with implantation of induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells+silk fibroin-chitosan scaffold into the cartilage defect model, control group with implantation of silk fibroin-chitosan scaffold into the cartilage defect model, and blank group without implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional silk fibroin-chitosan scaffolds were successfully prepared and combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to construct the tissue engineered cartilage for repair cartilage defects in rabbits. Blood routine parameters, procalcitonin levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels detected at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation indicated no obvious signs of systemic infection, and there was no damage to liver and kidney functions in the three groups. There were also no significant differences between the three groups in terms of blood routines and liver and kidney functions (P > 0.05). As shown by gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscope, in the experimental group, cartilage defects were repaired, with scaffold degradation, no presence of inflammatory cells, and good integration with surrounding tissues. Therefore, tissue engineered cartilage constructed in vitro by silk fibroin-chitosan scaffolds carrying bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells has good biocompatibility, which provides an experimental basis for tissue engineering approaches to cartilage repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polygonatum sibiricum is a Chinese medicinal herb that can be used as both medicine and food. It has the effects of moistening the lungs,nourishing the kidneys,tonifying the spleen,and tonifying qi. Due to the rapid growth of market demand,wild Polygonatum resources can no longer meet market demand,which has led to the continuous expansion of the scale of artificially cultivated Polygonatum. Scientific and reasonable fertilization methods can promote the growth and development of traditional Chinese medicine,thereby increasing its output. This article is based on existing research,summarizing the fertilization and cultivation models of Polygonatum sibiricum, the current problems and proposing suggestions,in order to provide reference for the future development and utilization of Polygonatum sibiricum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Dapagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, can delay the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating glucose metabolism, inhibiting inflammation and improving endothelial cell function. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of dapagliflozin on cell pyroptosis and endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were divided into a control group (no intervention), a model group (treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein for 24 hours), and a dapagliflozin group (treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein + dapagliflozin for 24 hours). Endothelial cell proliferation activity was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay. The levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in cell supernatant were detected using ELISA. Nitric oxide level in the cells was detected by nitrate reductase assay. The pyroptosis rate and characteristics of endothelial cells were detected by Hoechst 33342/PI fluorescence co-staining and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. The protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-18 were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Oxidized low-density lipoprotein could cause pyroptosis and dysfunction of endothelial cells. (2) Compared with the control group, the level of nitric oxide and cell activity were decreased (P < 0.05), while lactate dehydrogenase, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels were significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, cell activity and nitric oxide levels significantly increased (P < 0.05), but lactate dehydrogenase, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels were significantly diminished in the dapagliflozin group (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the model group, cell pyroptosis rate and the protein expression of pyroptosis factor NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, interleukin-18 and interleukin-1β significantly reduced in the dapagliflozin group (P < 0.05). (4) The results indicate that dapagliflozin inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial pyroptosis and ameliorates endothelial cell dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: From the pathological mechanism of Western medicine, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is the key pathogenic factor of lumbar spinal stenosis, and there is a lack of biological information on lumbar spinal stenosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare differential protein expression between hypertrophic and normal ligamentum flavum in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. METHODS: Ligamentum flavum tissue samples were collected from six lumbar spinal stenosis patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis, including three cases of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (experimental group) and three cases of normal ligamentum flavum (control group). 4D Label free quantitative proteomic detection was performed to screen differentially expressed proteins. Gene oncology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for enrichment analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 183 differentially expressed proteins between the two groups, including 87 up-regulated and 96 down-regulated. Gene oncology enrichment analysis showed that biological processes mainly focused on cell processes, biological regulation and response to stimuli. Cell composition was concentrated in cell, intracellular, and protein-complex species. The main molecular functions included linkage, catalytic activity and molecular function regulator. The up-regulated proteins were mainly enriched to lysosomal signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis signaling pathway, and Staphylococcus aureus infection signaling pathway, while the down-regulated proteins were enriched to eight signaling pathways, namely p53 signaling pathway, renal cell carcinoma signaling pathway, transforming growth factor β signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated protein hydrolysis signaling pathway, Ca signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, and proteoglycan signaling pathway in cancer. INHBA, MMP14, TNC, HTRA1, FGF2 were the important differentially expressed proteins in the experimental group. To conclude, there are differential protein expressions between hypertrophic and normal ligamentum flavum in patients with Qi-stagnation and blood-stasis type lumbar spinal stenosis. INHBA may be the determinant of this disease, and its mechanism may be the activation of transforming growth factor β/Smad related signaling pathway, causing ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and subsequently leading to lumbar spinal stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

胰腺癌发病率逐年上升, 病死率极高, 但其临床症状不典型,患者来回就诊于消化内科、肿瘤 科、普外科、疼痛科等各个科室。这种传统的治疗体系在诊治过程中随意性较强,容易延误治疗时机, 难以为患 者提供全方位的诊疗策略,从而降低了治疗效果。在整合医学模式时代,这种单一学科已经无法满足胰腺癌患 者整个治疗阶段的需求,因此,中国胰腺癌综合诊治指南在 2018 年强调了多学科诊疗模式 (MDT) 的重要性,要 求胰腺癌患者的诊断及治疗的各个阶段均应开展 MDT 讨论,由多学科专家共同制定诊治方案并贯彻始终。 MDT能够提高外科医生的胰腺癌诊疗思维、提升临床医生的影像阅片技能、培养临床医生自我学习能力及拓 宽临床医生病理、超声内镜及放射治疗知识。胰腺癌 MDT、既是各个专科医生会诊式的诊疗活动,更是1次高 级别专家会诊式的教学大查房,各个专科医生共同参与,丰富学员肿瘤专业知识,扩大临床思维,增加学习兴 趣,提高教学质量,具有极高的临床带教价值。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the accuracy of thermal error prediction model of machine tool spindle and reduce the influence of thermal error on machining accuracy, this paper proposed a new algorithm. The algorithm combined fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and gray correlation analysis algorithm. It could select key points that were sensitive to thermal error modeling, and could reduce the collinearity between temperature sensitive points. This paper employed an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to design the thermal prediction model, and finished a comparison between the model and the BP neural network. The experiment verifies the validity of the proposed algorithm by ANFIS. The results show that the algorithm has the advantages of high prediction accuracy, it can be used to predict the thermal deformation, and can provide reference for compensation of real-time thermal error in machine tool spindle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The development of drugs for skeletal-related diseases in clinical settings is a lengthy process, and the effectiveness of traditional twodimensional models for drug screening no longer meets the needs. Various modified 3D models have their advantages and disadvantages and related applications, but so far there is no ideal experimental model that can be utilized for drug screening of all bone related diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review relevant literature in recent years, to summarize the basic characteristics of two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of bone and their possible effects on cellular function, and to focus on a review of the current common three-dimensional models of bone and their application for drug screening in actual skeletal system diseases, with a view to providing ideas for future applications and improvements of three-dimensional models of bone in drug screening. METHODS: Relevant English articles were searched on PubMed database with English search terms of “bone, skeleton, three-dimensional models, models, drug screening, drug selection”. Related Chinese articles were searched on Wanfang and CNKI databases, and the Chinese search terms were “bone, skeleton, models, three-dimensional models, drug screening, drug selection”. Some articles were searched with literature retrospective method for review analysis. REhttp://172.24.132.63/TOC/Master/Analyze.aspx#KeywordsSULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The physical properties of the two-dimensional model of bone are different from those of the three-dimensional model of bone; the matrix is generally fixed in the two-dimensional model, whereas the three-dimensional model matrix is adjustable, and the two have different effects on the functional aspects of the cells. (2) Two-dimensional models of bone are easier to construct and produce, but they lack the typical three-dimensional microstructure and interconnections with surrounding cells and the extracellular matrix, and are therefore only suitable for cellular level studies. (3) There are biological differences between two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of cultured bone tissue. In the two-dimensional state, osteocytes or induced osteoblasts are flattened, whereas the three-dimensional model is closer to the natural extracellular matrix of bone tissue and more accurately represents the drug response. (4) Commonly used three-dimensional models of bone include cell spheres, hydrogels, bioreactors and microfluidic chips, which are constructed in different ways and have their own advantages in drug screening. (5) Common three-dimensional models of bone have been used for drug screening in skeletal-related diseases, and the need for different three-dimensional models of bone varies from disease to disease, for example, in the case of osteoporosis, a degenerative disease, where the degradability and sustainability of scaffolds and hydrogels are more effective for drug screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: As a physical therapy method with remarkable curative effect for spinal diseases, spinal manipulation has been widely used by scholars at home and abroad and gradually developed into standardization and systematization. Its mechanism of action and safety have always been the focus of medical attention. Three-dimensional finite element method is an effective tool for numerical simulation of human mechanical behavior. It has certain research value and clinical significance to clarify the biomechanical effect of manipulation on spinal structure through technical analysis. OBJECTIVE: To review the development of three-dimensional finite element method and its application in biomechanics of cervical, thoracolumbar and lumbar manipulations. METHODS: The first author used “finite element, biomechanics, spine, cervical vertebrae, thoracolumbar, lumbar vertebra, manipulation” as English search terms, and used computer to search PubMed and Web of Science databases from establishment to April 2022. There were a total of 495 related articles. The “finite element analysis, spine, cervical spine, thoracic and lumbar spine, lumbar spine, massage, manipulation, biomechanics” were used as the Chinese search terms. A total of 593 related articles from the establishment of the database to April 2022 were checked in CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases using computers, and 80 of them were selected for review according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Through the three-dimensional finite element method to analyze the stress and strain of the spine structure under the action of massage manipulation, the stress value and displacement value of each part of the model can be obtained, which can objectively, intuitively and accurately reflect the vertebral body, intervertebral disc, ligament, muscle, blood vessel, nerve, etc. The mechanical effect status of the components provides strong evidence for explaining the mechanism of spinal manipulation, improving the safety and effectiveness of manipulation, greatly promoting the development of clinical manipulation techniques, and has a good development potential. (2) The three-dimensional finite element method has made an important progress in the study of the biomechanics of spinal manipulation. The simulation of paravertebral soft tissue components of the spinal model has been continuously improved. The basic research of cervical and lumbar massage manipulations has continued to deepen, and the biomechanical analysis of massage manipulations has developed from solid mechanics to fluid mechanics. (3) However, there are still problems such as insufficient representation of the imaging sources of the spine model and the material setting data of each component in the current application. The simulation and loading of spinal manipulation manipulations are too simple, and many basic researches on thoracic manipulation manipulations have not been carried out. The researchers need to further improve, so that the three-dimensional finite element method can better meet the needs of clinical and scientific research of spinal manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For large inertia, load nonlinearity,parameter uncertainty and disturbance in the electro-hydraulic position servo system of vehicle-mounted howitzer, a fault detection scheme based on nonlinear unknown input observer is proposed. After modeling the system, a nonlinear observer design is utilized to generate the residual signals required for fault detection. The observer’s stability is proved and its existing conditions is given by Lyapunov stability theory. The observational ability and fault detection ability of observer are detected online on a fault detection test rig. A dynamic threshold failure decision mechanism based on statistics is designed, which eliminate the false alarm of fixed threshold in transition stage. The experimental examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault detection scheme, which can be applied for the online fault detection of the electro-hydraulic position servo system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]