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This study aimed to formulate diacerein loaded terpene-enriched invasomes (DCN-TINV) to fulfill a fruitful management of osteoarthritis. A 23 factorial design was adopted, including A: cholesterol concentration (%w/v), B: ethanol volume (mL) and C: phosphatidylcholine: drug ratio as the studied factors. Invasomes were constructed using the thin film hydration technique. Herein, percent entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), poly-dispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP) were statistically analyzed using Design-Expert® software to select the optimum formula. The selected criteria for detecting the optimum formula were restricting PS (<350 nm), dismissing PDI, magnifying ZP (as absolute value) and EE%. The selected formula was further scrutinized through multiple in-vitro studies, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, pH measurement, stability study, release profile and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the ex-vivo performance was evaluated through ex-vivo skin permeation and deposition. Finally, it was subjected to an array of in-vivo tests, namely Draize test, histopathology, In-vivo skin penetration, edema size, and nociception inhibition measurements. The optimum formula with desirability (0.913) demonstrated EE% (89.21% ± 2.12%), PS (319.75 ± 10.11 nm), ZP (−55 ± 3.96 mV) and a prolonged release profile. Intriguingly, revamped skin permeation (1143 ± 32.11 µg/cm2), nociception inhibition (77%) and In-vivo skin penetration (144 µm) compared to DCN suspension (285 ± 21.25 µg/cm2, 26% and 48 µm, respectively) were displayed. The optimum DCN-TINV exhibited plausible safety and stability profiles consolidated with auspicious efficacy for better management of osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this study, a new MOF (metal-organic framework) based on vanadium and 2,2-bipyridine-4,4-dicarboxylic acid (V/BP-MOF) was synthesized. Synthesized V/BP-MOF was introduced as a strong adsorbent of Congo Red (CR) and an effective agent in eliminating microbial species. In the investigation of CR absorption activity, several factors such as concentration of V/BP-MOF, pH, time, and temperature were investigated. Antimicrobial evaluations were carried out on Common bacterial strains in wastewater and values of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were reported. The V/BP-MOF was confirmed and characterized by EA, EDS, EDS mapping, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, BET, SEM, and TEM. In checking the characteristics of V/BP-MOF, size, specific surface area, and thermal stability were obtained, respectively, 68 nm, 325 m2/g, and 320°C. The highest adsorption of CR, at 94%, was obtained at natural pH, ambient temperature, and after 150 min. In kinetic studies, a correlation coefficient of 0.99 was observed with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while in isotherm studies, a correlation coefficient of 0.97 was observed with the Freundlich isotherm model. In the biological evaluations, the best inhibition was against Escherichia coli , and MIC and MBC were observed as 4 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively. As a general result, V/BP-MOF can be introduced as a potent absorbent agent of CR dye and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the compound synthesized in this study can be introduced as a suitable option for the wastewater treatment industry, with multiple capabilities including the removal of chemical pollutants and pathogenic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this study, plasma functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, f-MWCNTs, were incorporated into a poly(ethyl methacrylate), PEMA, polymer matrix at different wt.% (0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 wt.%) to prepare nanocomposite films using the traditional solution casting method. The XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, TGA, mechanical analysis and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques were employed to investigate the effects of the wt.% of f-MWCNTs on the structure, spectroscopic and other physiochemical properties of the synthesized films. XRD analysis showed a monotonic change in the PEMA structure upon incorporation of f-MWCNTs at different wt.%. The XPS results showed an increase of oxygen-based functional groups C-O and O-C-O on the PEMA/f-MWCNTs/ composite films compared to pure PEMA. Raman spectroscopy results consistent with the XRD and XPS findings, confirming the homogeneous distribution of f-MWCNTs in the PEMA matrix. Thermal stability of f-MWCNTs/PEMA improved as the f-MWCNTs content increased. Optical studies showed a reduction in the bandgap energy as the f-MWCNTs content increased, accompanied by significant improvements in optical properties such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), dielectric constants (ε′ and ε″), and optical conductivity (σopt). Mechanical testing revealed enhancements in breaking strength, Young's modulus, yield stress, and elongation at break with increasing f-MWCNTs concentrations. Furthermore, the AC electrical conductivity of the films also improved, demonstrating better charge transport capabilities. These synergistic enhancements in optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties make PEMA/f-MWCNTs nanocomposites promising candidates for advanced applications, including optoelectronic devices, optical components, and conductive packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Study Design: A randomized controlled trial using a pretest-posttest control group design. Purpose: This study investigated the effects of core stabilization exercises (CSEs) on cervical sagittal vertical alignment (cSVA), Cobb's angle, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores in patients with forward head posture (FHP). Overview of Literature: FHP is a local poor neck posture. However, it is frequently caused by sagittal lumbopelvic malalignment. Therefore, an alternative view by which we can begin proximal neuromuscular control is necessary. Methods: This study included 36 patients with FHP with a mean age of 27±2.63 years. These patients were randomly assigned to the two following groups: experimental group A (n=19), which received CSEs and postural correctional exercises (PCEs), , and control group B (n=17), which received only the PCE program. Randomization was performed using the computer-generated block randomization method. Training was applied 3 times per week and lasted for 6 weeks. Data were collected before and after training using lateral view cervical X-ray and NDI. Results: Two-way mixed-design multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant improvements in mean cSVA and NDI values after training (p<0.05) in experimental group (A) compared with pre-training values, whereas no significant differences in these values were observed after training in the control group. In contrast, no significant difference in the mean Cobb angle values after training was observed between the groups. Conclusions: Adding CSEs to PCEs is more effective than performing PCEs alone for managing FHP. The trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry under the registration number NCT06160245. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Effective bladder reconstruction remains a significant challenge in urology, particularly for conditions requiring partial or complete bladder replacement. In this study, the efficacy is evaluated of two types of scaffolds, silk fibroin (SF) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-SF), in promoting bladder regeneration and their associated outcomes. A rat model was used to compare the surgical outcomes and morphological recovery of bladder tissues implanted with SF and ADSCs-SF scaffolds. Post-operative recovery, including voiding ability and complication rates, was assessed. The morphological and histological changes of the regenerated bladder tissue were evaluated at multiple time points (2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks) using gross tissue analysis, histometric assessments, and immunohistochemical staining. Both scaffold types demonstrated successful integration into the bladder wall with no significant differences in body weight or voiding issues. The SF scaffold group exhibited graft shrinkage and a 41.6% incidence of bladder calculus formation. In contrast, the ADSCs-SF scaffold facilitated superior morphological restoration, with bladder tissue progressively adopting a more normal shape and no incidence of bladder calculus. Histological analysis revealed that the ADSCs-SF scaffold significantly promoted the regeneration of a more organized urothelium layer and smooth muscle tissue. It also resulted in higher vessel density and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells when compared to the SF scaffold alone. Additionally, the ADSCs-SF group exhibited enhanced expression of key markers, including uroplakin III, a urothelial marker, and α-SMA, a smooth muscle cell marker. These findings suggest that the ADSCs-SF scaffold not only supports the structural integrity of the bladder but also improves tissue regeneration and reduces adverse inflammatory responses, offering a promising approach for bladder repair and reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Simple Summary: Murine models are invaluable for advancing oral research and understanding its systemic effects, including links to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review highlights various experimental models, focusing on their methodologies and findings. Key insights reveal the role of systemic inflammation, bacterial dissemination, and tissue remodeling in connecting oral conditions to systemic health. These findings provide a foundation for developing therapeutic strategies to enhance both oral and cardiovascular health. Oral research using murine models spans a broad spectrum of studies, including investigations into oral infections such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis, wound healing, periodontal responses to orthodontic treatment, and occlusal overload. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of murine models employed in oral research, with a particular focus on their relevance in studying systemic implications, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The objectives of this review are twofold: first, to highlight the diversity of experimental methods utilized in murine oral research, such as ligature placement, bacterial inoculation, surgical interventions, and mechanical manipulations; second, to explore how these models enhance our understanding of oral–systemic interactions. The findings demonstrate that murine models have significantly contributed to uncovering how oral conditions influence systemic health. Models of oral infections reveal pathways linking systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis, while studies on wound healing and mechanical stress offer valuable insights into periodontal tissue responses and regeneration under various conditions. These diverse findings underscore the versatility of murine models in addressing key questions across oral health research. By replicating human disease mechanisms, murine models serve as powerful tools for investigating the interplay between oral health and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction. The insights gained from these models guide the development of integrated therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating systemic inflammation and promoting periodontal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this project, we have studied the possibility of using the C2N Monolayer (ML) for sensing and adsorption of several chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) derivatives from the gaseous environment. The density functional theory (DFT) approach was applied to optimize the geometrical structures of the isolated C2N ML and its complexes with of CH3F, CH2F2, CHF3, CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CF2Cl2 air pollutants gases. The results of the thermodynamics of adsorption indicated that C2N ML could adsorb all of the considered CFCs except CF2Cl2. Also, the recovery time calculations showed that in all cases (from CHF3 with the recovery time of 3.45(10− 4) s to CF2Cl2 with the recovery time of 9.47(10− 12) s) the C2N ML is a good recoverable sorbent. The results of the conductivity calculations indicate that the presence of CH3F, and CH3Cl increase the σ value for the isolated C2N ML from 1.94(10− 29) S m− 1 to 3.16(10− 29) S m− 1, and 3.07(10− 29) S m− 1, respectively. Thus, C2N ML is able to sence the presence of the mentioned CFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this work, we searched for the exclusive electronic and adsorption properties of Ag4 cluster modified BSe based nanomaterials for the purpose of sensing glycine, hystidine and phenylalanine amino acids. Adsorption distances, band structures, difference in electron densities and interaction energies were calculated to understand the impact of amino acids adsorptions on the chemical reactivity of Ag cluster modified BSe nanostructures. Diverse configurations were inspected for the adsorption of amino acids to survey the effective bio interface through the interaction with diverse sites existing on the organic amino acid molecules. The interaction of all amino acids via O site was found to be critical for energetically favorable adsorption modes. The PDOS analysis also revealed the large interactions of the amino acids with the Ag cluster modified BSe nanosheets. Our theoretical DFT results suggested that Ag4 cluster modified BSe nanostructures held great potential for practical applications in biomolecular sensing of amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Morphea is a chronic inflammatory fibrosing disorder. Since fibrosis is the hallmark of both scars and morphea, our attention was raised for the possible use of Fractional Ablative CO2 lasers and microneedling as treatment modalities for morphea. To compare the efficacy and safety of Fractional Ablative CO2 lasers and microneedling in the treatment of morphea. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 patients with morphea, diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. These patients were divided into two groups; Group 1 (n = 15) received treatment with Fractional Ablative CO2 laser, and Group 2 (n = 15) received microneedling treatment. Each patient in both groups underwent a total of three sessions, one session per month. Treatment assessment was performed 1 month after the last session using Photographic documentation, clinical evaluation with the Localized Scleroderma Cutaneous Assessment Tool (LoSCAT), dermoscopic imaging and histopathological evaluation with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Masson's Trichrome stains. Additionally, patient satisfaction and side effects were evaluated at the end of treatment. A statistically significant decrease in the clinical score (LoSCAT) of morphea was observed in both the Fractional CO2 laser and microneedling groups at the end of treatment. Furthermore, the histopathological score significantly improved in both groups regarding dermal vasculature, infiltrate, epidermal and dermal changes, and adnexal and periappendiceal fat. A high degree of satisfaction was reported among patients in both groups. Both factional CO2 and microneedling are safe, effective, and well-tolerated modalities for the treatment of morphea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The purpose of the present research is to utilize natural oils such as citronella oil (CO) (Cymbopogon nardus), lemon grass oil (LO) (Cymbopogon citratus), the mixture of (fresh and used sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. and soybean, Glycine max L.) oils combined in a 1:1 ratio and jojoba oil (JO) as nutritional additives for silkworm, Bombyx mori. Results reported that CO gave the highest larval weight at all concentrations whereas; the lowest larval weight was recorded with the treatment of mulberry leaves by LO. The highest larval duration was noticed by the larval treatment of sunflower and soybean mixture at 5 % and 2.5 %, respectively whereas; CO treatment recorded the lowest larval duration. The larval mortality showed that jojoba, (Simmondsia chinensis) oil at all concentrations decreased the mortality of 5th larval instar. Moreover, the outcomes of biochemical studies explained that all treatments resulted in a decrease in the activity of AST enzyme, whereas the same treatments increased the activity of ALT enzyme. The Acetylcholinesterase activity significantly decreased with tested oils, particularly CO and JO. Furthermore, the activities of chitinase increased in the larvae treated with JO. Finally, the highest Total soluble proteins and Total lipid contents were obtained in the hemolymph of larvae treated with a concentration of 0.06 % LO. The data indicated that jojoba oil (JO) had the most positive impact on the most investigated parameters among the oils tested. In contrast, the used mixture of sunflower oil and soybean oil (UO) exhibited the least effect on the silkworms when compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Preference congruence between masses and elites lies at the heart of the study of democratic representation. In this article, substantiated by a meta-analysis of 154 studies published between 1960 and 2022, we show that the literature on mass–elite congruence has increased exponentially in the past decade. Despite the growing academic interest, the publications mainly focus on Western Europe and leave two critical blind spots. First, at the mass level, little attention has been paid to distinguishing between voters and non-voters and between independents and partisans. Second, at the elite level, presidents have been overlooked, including those studies examining presidential or semi-presidential democracies. In this article, we demonstrate the existence of two blind spots with a meta-analysis, explain their significance for political representation and test the extent to which they affect mass–elite congruence measurement. The article contributes to the comparative study of representation by illustrating how filling in these two blind spots is necessary to ensure a reliable and comprehensive assessment of mass–elite congruence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This work explores the sensing capabilities of Cr and Cu modified WS2 nanosheets in detecting desflurane (C3H2F6O) molecule to search for the most efficient sensing nanomaterials. Adsorption of C3H2F6O molecule on the pristine and Cr/Cu modified WS2 nanosheets was studied using the density functional theory calculations. Desflurane was adsorbed from both oxygen and Fluorine active sites after the adsorption structures were fully optimized. The relaxed configurations were utilized for calculating geometrical and electronic properties such as adsorption energies, projected density of states and band structures. The negative adsorption energies indicated the stable adsorption of desflurane on the Cr and Cu modified WS2 nanosheets. The results also indicated that desflurane adsorption did not change the electronic properties of Cr and Cu modified WS2 considerably, except for some changes in the band gap interval. Based on spin-polarized calculations, both Cr and Cu modified WS2 monolayers magnetic and semiconducting properties. These findings suggested that Cr and Cu modified WS2 nanostructures are brilliant candidates for sensing C3H2F6O molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In the present study, the capability of Al, Si, P doped and novel TiAl3 decorated MoS2 nanosheet for sensing and adsorption of the acrolein molecule has been scrutinized through the periodic density functional theory. The changes in the energy gap after trapping acrolein molecule can be regarded as a positive factor for analyzing the electrical response of the sensor material. The adsorption energies on the doped MoS2 nanosheets are higher than those on the pure nanosheets, indicating the principal influence of doping on the adsorption efficiency of substrate. Among the Al, Si and P doped MoS2 systems, the highest value of adsorption energy (-0.92 eV) was observed for the Si-doped nanosheet. Also, the TiAl3 decorated MoS2 nanosheet exhibits a very strong adsorption effect on the acrolein molecule with considerable energy of -3.76 eV. The charge density differences for the interaction of acrolein with doped MoS2 substrates were analyzed to search for the changes occurred at the adsorption region. Based on the obtained results, we can propose the TiAl3 decorated MoS2 substrates as potential sensors of acrolein molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In the present study, the capability of Al, Si, P doped and novel TiAl3 decorated MoS2 nanosheet for sensing and adsorption of the acrolein molecule has been scrutinized through the periodic density functional theory. The changes in the energy gap after trapping acrolein molecule can be regarded as a positive factor for analyzing the electrical response of the sensor material. The adsorption energies on the doped MoS2 nanosheets are higher than those on the pure nanosheets, indicating the principal influence of doping on the adsorption efficiency of substrate. Among the Al, Si and P doped MoS2 systems, the highest value of adsorption energy (-0.92 eV) was observed for the Si-doped nanosheet. Also, the TiAl3 decorated MoS2 nanosheet exhibits a very strong adsorption effect on the acrolein molecule with considerable energy of -3.76 eV. The charge density differences for the interaction of acrolein with doped MoS2 substrates were analyzed to search for the changes occurred at the adsorption region. Based on the obtained results, we can propose the TiAl3 decorated MoS2 substrates as potential sensors of acrolein molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The density functional theory calculations were conducted to explore the impacts of the incorporation of the Au metals on the adsorption capabilities of MoTe2 toward thiol based S containing molecules. The most favorable positioning of Au atom is on the hollow site of MoTe2 above three Te atoms, which gives rise to the coordination between Au and Se atoms. Most of the adsorption events focus on the substantial interaction between the S atom of considered organic molecules and the surface Au atom, which are fully described and interpreted based on the charge density and density of states plots. Thus, the favorite adsorption model for all the organic molecules is the adsorption based on strong Au-S mutual interactions. The primary aim in this work is to develop a theoretical basis to expose the potential talents of Au-MoTe2 based nanosheets for use in smart sensors of thiol based organic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: The relationship between quality of life (QoL) and frailty has previously been investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally as unidirectional where QoL depends upon frailty and where frailty depends on QoL. Here a bidirectional relationship is examined. Methods: This work uses a latent curve model with structured residuals to address the bidirectional association between QoL and frailty in older English people considering within-person and group levels. The study measures frailty using a functional frailty measure and quality of life using CASP-12. The sample size is 17,529. Results: There is a strong relationship between QoL (Quality of Life) and frailty, which is almost linear and inversely proportional over time. Although the cross-lagged coefficients from QoL to frailty and vice versa showed statistical significance, the impact was found to be minimal. The time between assessments (which are two years apart) and/or the few observations available per individual may have impacted the effect of this relationship. When accounting for gender, age, net wealth, and multimorbidity, some variations in the results were observed at the group level but not at the within-person level. Conclusion: The study provides empirical evidence that supports a bidirectional association between QoL and frailty in older individuals who reside at home. These results offer valuable insights for healthcare providers, as participants did not exhibit an advanced need for health services. Additionally, involving participants in evaluating and assessing these services enhances their effectiveness and overall benefit. Plain English summary: There's growing evidence suggesting a two-way relationship between frailty and quality of life, meaning they can each affect the other. Understanding this dynamic requires sophisticated statistical methods, like the ones used in this study. Our research aims to shed light on a crucial question: when caring for older individuals, should our healthcare system prioritize improving quality of life or addressing frailty? Pinpointing which factor has a greater influence can guide healthcare institutions in allocating resources effectively and supporting elderly individuals in leading fulfilling lives as they age. Surprisingly, our findings reveal a minimal, yet significant, impact of frailty and quality of life on each other over time. This remained consistent across various demographic factors such as gender, age groups, socioeconomic status, and health conditions. One possible explanation for this minimal impact is the lengthy time gap between our measurements, spanning two years for each participant. These insights help us better understand how to care for our aging population by involving them in sharing their needs and thoughts. This input informs healthcare policies and practices, allowing us to better meet the diverse needs of older individuals who are raised at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study presents the development of macroporous silicon (MPS) structures via electrochemical anodization of unpolished p-type silicon in hydrofluoric acid (HF)-based solutions containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ethanol (C2H5OH). The process was conducted without external illumination and under the effect of various etching durations. MPS networks are materials that are ideally suited for tubular structures at the micrometer scale. The incorporation of H2O2 into its formation enhances the oxidation rate and facilitates the production of more well-defined pore structures. The resulting MPS layers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. SEM images revealed the formation of various structures, including deep pores, tree-like features, cracks, islands, and spongy networks. The pore sizes ranged from 0.43 to 2 microns, with pore depths reaching around 6.4 microns into the bulk silicon. Optical studies showed that the addition of H2O2 significantly altered the photoluminescence (PL) emission intensity highlighting changes in the material's recombination efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Context: In this study, the capacities of C46, Ge46, C72, Al36P36, Ni-C46, Ni-Ge46, Cr-C72, and Cr-Al36P36 nanocages to transfer the flutamide and cyclophosphamide as anticancer drugs are investigated. The adsorption parameters and recovery time values for desorption of flutamide and cyclophosphamide drugs from surfaces of nanocages are calculated to propose the acceptable materials for drug delivery. The ΔGadsorption of flutamide and cyclophosphamide on surfaces of studied nanocages are changed from − 2.95 to − 4.12 eV. Results indicated that the Ni-Ge46 and Cr-Al36P36 have higher capacities to deliver the flutamide and cyclophosphamide than other metal-doped nanocages. The Ni and Cr adoption increased the recovery time of complexes of flutamide and cyclophosphamide with metal-doped nanocages. The recovery time of flutamide and cyclophosphamide with studied nanocages is changed from 46.96 to 62.92 s. Results shown that the recovery time of complexes of flutamide and cyclophosphamide as anticancer drugs with Ni-C46, Ni-Ge46, Cr-C72, and Cr-Al36P36 nanocages in this study is lower than other types of nanostructures including the C, Si, and AlN nanocages and C, Si, and BN nanotubes in previous works. The Ni-Ge46 and Cr-Al36P36 nanocages are proposed as effective nanostructures to deliver the flutamide and cyclophosphamide as anticancer drugs. Methods: In this study, structures of C46, Ge46, C72, Al36P36, Ni-C46, Ni-Ge46, Cr-C72, and Cr-Al36P36 nanocages and complexes flutamide and cyclophosphamide with C46, Ge46, C72, Al36P36, Ni-C46, Ni-Ge46, Cr-C72, and Cr-Al36P36 nanocages have been optimized by DFT method, PBE functional, and aug-cc-pVDZ basis set in GAMESS software. The adoption energy of Ni and Cr atoms on C46, Ge46, C72, and Al36P36 and cohesive energy of C46, Ge46, C72, Al36P36, Ni-C46, Ni-Ge46, Cr-C72, and Cr-Al36P36 nanocages are calculated. The thermodynamic parameters, band gap energy, and recovery time of complexes of nanostructures-flutamide and nanostructures-cyclophosphamide are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Trichinosis is acquired through ingesting the infective larvae in pork meat. Drugs employed for the treatment of trichinosis have a limited bioavailability in addition to the adverse side effects. In the current work, the therapeutic effect of ivermectin against experimental muscle trichinosis was evaluated using solid lipid nanoparticles with and without albendazole. Methods: Seven groups of ten albino mice each were created from the 70 total. (GI): normal control, (GII): infected, non-treated, and (GIII): infected treated with albendazole, (GIV): infected treated with ivermectin. (GV) infected treated with solid lipid nanoparticles, (GVI): infected treated with ivermectin loaded on solid lipid nanoparticles, and (GVII): infected and received a combination of albendazole and solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with ivermectin. For the sevenday intestinal phase and the 49-day muscle phase, each group was split into two subgroups of five mice each. The focus of this study is the muscular phase. The mean number of encysted larvae in the muscle tissue was counted for a parasitological evaluation. Using feulgen and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains, all groups were assessed histopathologically and histochemically, respectively. Liver and kidney parameters were also assessed biochemically. Results: The treatment that combined the use of albendazole and ivermectin loaded on solid lipid nanoparticles (GVII) produced the greatest decrease in the count of encysted muscle larvae (92.16%). The improvement in histological, histochemical, and biochemical markers supported these findings. Conclusion: Ivermectin loaded on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPS) could be an additional or synergistic therapeutic agent in treating trichinosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Flonicamid and imidacloprid are insecticides that are commonly used for the protection of many annual open field crops, such as beans, against insects. Residues of these insecticides in the consumable product above the acceptable limits can cause health concerns or trade barriers; thus, the dissipation behaviour and the consumer risk assessment of flonicamid and imidacloprid residues in open field green beans were investigated. The initial concentrations were found to be 0.44 and 0.99 mg kg−1. The decline of residues followed in both cases the first-order kinetics model with half-lives of 2.3 (r2 0.912) and 2.1 (r2 0.977) days, for flonicamid and imidacloprid, respectively, while degraded almost completely after 14 days if applied according to the authorised patterns. The dietary risk assessment performed using the hazard quotient (RQ) and the EFSA PRIMo model showed no concern to consumer health with exposure values <2% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and <22% of the acute reference dose (ARfD) of each compound. In conclusion, the investigation of the dissipation behaviour of these compounds in green bean provides useful information to ensure safe pre-harvest intervals, acceptable dietary exposure and compliance with good agricultural practices and maximum residue levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The global energy crisis and environmental degradation call for innovative solutions, with semiconductor photocatalysts emerging as a promising option. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a type of metal-organic framework (MOF), exhibit unique properties such as large surface areas, excellent thermal stability, and biodegradability, making them highly suitable for photodegradation applications. This paper reviews the green synthesis methods for ZIFs, their characterisation, and the latest advancements in ZIF-based photocatalyst research for the degradation of organic pollutants in water, including drugs, dyes, antibiotics, and other contaminants. Special attention is given to the supramolecular aspects underlying the photodegradation activity, including non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and host-guest interactions that can influence the design and performance of ZIF-based hybrid materials. The paper also explores the challenges and future potential of ZIF research in photocatalysis, highlighting how understanding these supramolecular interactions could pave the way for enhanced design strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

ABSTRACT Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Clinical Significance To assess the effect of chairside adjustment and polishing on the clinical performance of zirconia endocrowns and digitally calculate the opposing enamel wear.A total of 20 participants received zirconia endocrowns on their endodontically treated lower first molars. All endocrowns were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. According to the occlusal adjustments needed for the restorations, patients were divided into two groups: Group ZG with 10 glazed monolithic zirconia endocrowns and Group ZP with 10 adjusted and polished zirconia endocrowns. Bonded endocrowns were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 24 months following modified FDI criteria. Wear of the antagonistic enamel was calculated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months using an intraoral scanner and Geomagic software.The overall survival rate of the 20 endocrowns was 100%, according to the Kaplan–Meier survival method. None of the endocrowns were replaced during the follow‐up. After 2 years, polished zirconia caused enamel wear (0.422 ± 0.130 mm3), while glazed zirconia caused enamel wear (0.491 ± 0.105 mm3), with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.108).Both glazed and polished monolithic zirconia endocrowns showed comparable enamel wear after a 2‐year clinical follow‐up, with no significant difference.Glazing or intra‐oral polishing could be applied to monolithic zirconia endocrowns with minimal antagonist enamel wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Gamma irradiation causes oxidative stress and disturbs the physiological balance in organisms. Natural antioxidants, like resveratrol (Res), can buffer these effects. The study's goal is to find out whether Res can help reverse changes caused by gamma irradiation in male Wistar rats' total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzyme activity, electrolyte levels, and hemoglobin structure. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, Res-treated, irradiated, and Res + irradiated. Blood and tissue samples were collected on the day 16th of the experiment. The levels of antioxidants, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated along with electrolyte level measurements. UV–FTIR and dielectric spectroscopy were used to assess conformational changes in hemoglobin. Results: Gamma irradiation decreased antioxidant levels and increased markers of oxidative stress. Resveratrol treatment increased the antioxidant capacity and levels of nitric oxide and decreased malondialdehyde levels. Further, Res protected the structure of hemoglobin and decreased the radiation-induced damage. Conclusion: Resveratrol shows potential as a protective agent against gamma irradiation-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant defenses and restoring hemoglobin structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The electrochemical water splitting process is one of the most promising approaches for sustainable hydrogen production. Unfortunately, the slow kinetic of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the surface of the anode has prevented the highly efficient production of hydrogen. One of the useful procedures to overcome this challenge is to replace the OER process by Urea oxidation reaction (UOR). Here, Co–Mn–P nanolayer was created on the surface of CoO nanosheets by electrodeposition process and its morphology, chemical composition and electrocatalytic properties were investigated in HER and UOR processes. In optimal conditions, this electrode needed only −82 mV and 1.342 V vs RHE, for HER and UOR processes at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 respectively. In addition, this electrode demonstrated a unique activity in the two-electrode urea electrolytic cell. Significantly, a low cell voltage of 1.444 V was required at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the urea electrolysis cell. Moreover, the studied electrode showed excellent stability in the HER and overall urea electrolysis systems. This study introduces an effective strategy for designing active and stable catalyst for energy saving hydrogen production. • Electrodeposition method was employed for fabrication of Co–Mn–P@CoO nanosheets. • Favorable catalytic activity for HER was obtained for binder-free electrode. • Employing UOR instead of OER, improved the catalytic activity for hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Vitamin E (VE) is an essential vitamin liposoluble antioxidant in aquatic animals that is usually lost during feed processing and digestion, whereas nano-chitosan, a polysaccharide, could protect VE. In this study, Nile tilapia (70.85 ± 0.2 g) was fed VE (100 mg/kg dry diet) and a chitosan protected-VE nanoparticle (NPs) with gradual percentages of recommended dose 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% for 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Growth parameters total weight gain (TG), daily weight gain (DWG), and relative growth rate (RGR) were significantly and positively correlated with VENPs additions. Regardless of the addition level, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in the VENP groups. Lysozyme, serum antibacterial activity, and oxidative burst activity indicated the superiority of VENPs (VENPs75 and VENPs100) in enhancing the fish's innate immunity compared to bulk VE and the control groups. Fish were experimentally challenged with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila; those received dietary showed a low mortality rate (MR%), about 40% compared with 70% in the control with lower re-isolation compared to the control and VE groups. VENPs could provide ascending relative protection level during the period of 4 to 8 weeks; RPL ranged from 33.3 to 42.86% (VENPs100), 16.67–42.86% (VENPs75), 0 to 28.57% (VENPs50), and 0 to 14.29% (VENPs25 and VE), respectively. Finally, this study recommended incorporating VENPs into the Nile tilapia diet at 50, 75, and 100 mg/ kg fish feed. Fish in the VENPs75 and VENPs100 groups were immune boosted, becoming less vulnerable to A. hydrophila infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: The pre-treatment characteristics of the patient and ectopic pregnancy to determine the patients who are likely to successfully respond to methotrexate (MTX) therapy remain controversial. This study investigated the outcomes of ectopic pregnancy after one and two MTX doses and their independent predictors. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of women who consented to MTX treatment in 2017–2018 at our institution (N = 317). Of these, patients with Caesarean scar pregnancies were excluded because they require different treatment protocols (n = 25). All patients were treated according to our institution's protocol based on international guidelines and standardised across the three hospitals included in the current study. We retrieved patients' demographics, laboratory, ultrasonography, and clinical characteristics from our hospital database. Serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay; ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed using ultrasonography (transvaginal probe). Results: Two ninety-two patients were included in the current analysis. Age, pre-treatment β-hCG levels, sonographic presence of yolk sac, presence of foetal cardiac activity, and pelvic pain were significantly different between patients with successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–4.66, p =.017), no pelvic pain (aOR 2.65, 95%CI 1.03–6.83, p =.043), lower initial β-hCG level (aOR 1.32, 95%CI 1.08–1.59, p =.005), and absence of foetal cardiac activity (aOR 12.63; 95% CI 1.04–153.6; p =.047) were independently associated with success. Treatment failure odds were >2 folds higher for each 10-year age increase (p =.017), 32% higher for each 1000 IU/L increase in initial β-hCG level (p =.005), and >2 folds higher in presence of pelvic pain (p =.043). Conclusions: MTX is effective in most patients, averting invasive surgery, which might affect fertility. Pre-treatment β-hCG levels, age, pelvic pain, and foetal cardiac activity was independently associated with outcomes. Research should assess the relationship between the ectopic pregnancy size and treatment outcomes and refine β-hCG titres where treatment would be ineffective. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus. It needs to be identified and treated quickly to prevent serious health complications. Ectopic pregnancies can be treated surgically or medically using a drug called methotrexate. Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy is not always successful. Identifying the factors that predict the failure of medical treatment helps patients and doctors to choose more accurately between surgical and medical treatment options. A total of 292 women who received methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy and the factors that influence the outcomes of treatment were examined, 39 patients had treatment failure and required surgery. Older age, higher initial levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) hormone, the presence of pelvic pain, and foetal cardiac activity had increased risk of treatment failure. In the future, research could consider the relationship between the size of the ectopic pregnancy and the treatment outcomes and refine the β-hCG level cut-off for better treatment effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study aims to examine the genetic polymorphisms of the granulysin (GNLY) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) genes and their association with acne in Egypt. Acne vulgaris is classified as a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Clinical, histological, and immunological findings indicate that inflammation is involved in every stage of acne development. GNLY and PTX3 are both involved in the body’s immune system and may play a role in the pathophysiology of acne. This case-control study included 180 participants who have acne and 180 healthy controls. Real-time PCR was used to genotype GNLY rs7908 and PTX3 rs2305619 polymorphisms. Genotype occurrence and allelic spreading for both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Regarding rs7908, no statistical difference was observed in the genotype and allele distributions between acne patients and controls. On the other hand, rs2305619 showed a statistical difference in the genotype and allele distributions between acne patients and controls, with a marked prevalence of the GG group and G allele in acne patients. Our study revealed a significant link between the PTX3 rs2305619 and acne susceptibility in Egypt, with the AG + GG genotype strongly predicting acne. In contrast, the GNYL rs7908 polymorphism was not associated with acne. These results highlight a genetic component to acne and suggest that PTX3 rs2305619 could be a key marker for understanding acne susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of varying levels of oleuropein supplementation on productive performance and physiological parameters of Bandarah cockerels. A total of one hundred (28-day-old) Bandarah cockerels were weighed individually and randomly assigned to four treatment groups. From 4 to 16 weeks of age, five replicates (5 cockerels per rep.) were used to represent each treatment group. A basal diet group 1without any supplements (control), while groups 2, 3, and 4 received diets supplemented with 50, 100, and 150 mg of oleuropein/kg feed, respectively. Body weight and body weight gain were increased (p<0.001) when used 100 and 150 mg oleuropein/kg feed compared to the other treatments. Feed consumption was not impacted, but feed conversion ratio enhanced overall period when oleuropein was added. Carcass characteristics had not affected by oleuropein addition while, bacterial count in the intestine were reduced by increasing oleuropein levels. The inclusion of oleuropein in the diet of cockerels reduced (p<0.001) level of LDL and total cholesterol, activity of AST,ALT, and ALP enzymes, while, increased HDL level compared to the control diet. Adding oleuropein at varying concentrations Heterophils and the H/L ratio dropped, whereas WBC and lymphocytes increased. The immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) levels improved in reaction to oleuropein treatments; the group fed with 150 mg/kg diet had the highest levels. Total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased by increasing oleuropein levels, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased compared with control group. Oleuropein supplementation at all levels showed improved economic efficiency compared with control group. The relative economic efficiency of a diet containing 100 mg oleuropein/kg feed increased by approximately 28.4% than the control group. In conclusion, oleuropein supplementation at a dosage of up to 150 mg/kg feed enhanced growth performance, intestinal microbial count, physiological parameters and anti-oxidative status of Bandarah cockerels during the growth period and the best value was 100 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Teachers spend a long time with primary school children and they are expected to be the first to observe behaviors indicative of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thus, teachers' knowledge about ADHD is vital. The objective of this study is to measure knowledge about ADHD among teachers in the Zagazig district. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a representative sample of primary schools in the Zagazig district; 213 teachers were asked to complete knowledge of the Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS). Results: 75.2% of the studied teachers have inadequate ADHD knowledge. Studied teachers had particularly poor knowledge about general information and treatment of ADHD, while their knowledge about symptoms and diagnosis was fair. Educational level and previous attendance of courses about ADHD were significantly associated with better knowledge. Conclusion: Primary school teachers in the Zagazig district lack adequate knowledge about ADHD. Such poor knowledge could contribute to worsened outcomes in ADHD children. Therefore, the study recommends conducting educational programs about ADHD to improve teachers' knowledge about the disorder and incorporating educational materials about childhood mental health disorders into the curricula of the faculties of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Nosema is one of the most serious pathogens in honey bees worldwide. It is correlated that infected bees suffer both shortened lifespans and higher winter mortality. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Nosema ceranae in Apis florea as a new migratory insect into Egyptian ecosystem. Apis florea samples were collected from seven different regions in Egypt. Apis mellifera was used as a positive control. All samples were examined by using a light microscope and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device. In addition, all PCR products were further purified and sequenced. Moreover, we performed phylogenetic analyses with the aid of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Nosema ceranae to elucidate the genetic relatedness between strains isolated from distinct honeybee species. Both microscopic examination and sequencing of PCR products determined the presence of Nosema ceranae in Apis florea. It was observed that several nucleotide' differentiations were found compared to the sequence of Nosema ceranae from Apis mellifera in Egypt. These results may indicate the presence of other species and subspecies of modern or newly introduced pathogens that may be later transmitted to honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Egypt. Therefore, we recommend periodic examination of bees to protect them from transmission diseases and to quickly eliminate any enemies or other pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Simple Summary: Brain metastases from sarcomas are uncommon and lead to poor outcomes. This study examines 81 cases of patients with brain metastases from sarcomas to review their symptoms, treatments, and survival. Most patients were symptomatic, often experiencing headaches or focal neurological deficits. Overall, 31% of patients survived one year after their initial sarcoma diagnosis, and the median time from the diagnosis of brain metastasis to death was 6.0 months. Given the rarity and heterogeneity of this disease, there are no structured guidelines for treatment that include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Patients who survived more than two years from the sarcoma diagnosis were significantly more likely to have received chemotherapy, and those who survived more than one year from the brain metastasis diagnosis were significantly more likely to have undergone surgery and chemotherapy. Our findings highlight the urgent need for further research into effective treatment strategies. Purpose: Brain metastases (BM) in sarcomas occur rarely and are associated with poor prognosis. This study is a large retrospective cohort describing the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes. Methods: In total, 81 patients with BM from sarcomas were identified across five sarcoma centers. Demographic data, clinical presentation, and treatment modalities were analyzed. Results: The most common histologies were leiomyosarcoma (12.3%) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (12.3%). The median time from sarcoma diagnosis to brain metastases was 1.9 years. Upon presentation, 88.9% of patients with BM from sarcomas were symptomatic with the most common presenting symptom being focal neurological deficits (37.9%) and headaches (22.1%). Higher-grade sarcomas were more likely to metastasize and were usually preceded by metastases to other sites, most commonly the lungs. One-year overall survival was 31% from initial sarcoma diagnosis, and the median time from diagnosis of BM until death was 6.0 months. For treatment, 60 (74.1%) patients had radiation, 39 (48.1%) patients had systemic therapy, and 29 (35.8%) patients had surgery. In a multivariate analysis, surgery (HR 0.30) and chemotherapy (HR 0.23) were found to be significantly correlated with improved survival outcomes. Although radiation as a whole was not found to significantly correlate with survival, improved outcomes were seen with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS, mOS 11.6 mo) as opposed to whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT, mOS 8.3 mo). Additionally, patients with leptomeningeal disease were significantly less likely to survive more than one year compared to patients with brain metastases only. Conclusions: Our findings identify that patients with metastatic sarcoma to the brain have poor prognoses, often have concurrent metastasis, and have a median survival of only 6 months. Additionally, our study found that leptomeningeal metastases is a rare presentation with poor survival outcomes. There are various treatment modalities for sarcomas with BM; however, there are no guidelines, unlike in other malignancies. Further research is necessary to evaluate the role of therapeutic measures in terms of type, timing, and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The high physiologic demands of sports create dynamic stress on joints, soft tissues, and nerves which may lead to injuries in the athlete. Electrodiagnostic (EDx) assessment is essential to identify the correct diagnosis, localization, and prognosis, to guide management of sports‐related neuropathies. A comprehensive review was performed to provide the EDx medical consultant with a practical approach to the common peripheral nerve disorders seen in athletes. Sports‐related neuropathies reviewed include transient traumatic irritation of the brachial plexus and/or cervical nerve roots (“Burners and stingers,”) suprascapular and axillary neuropathies, ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) in throwers, ulnar neuropathy at the hand/wrist in cyclists, multi‐ligamentous knee injury, and foot/ankle neuropathies including tarsal tunnel syndrome. A thorough understanding of peripheral anatomy, possible entrapment sites, mechanisms of injury, and key physical examination findings is essential for correct diagnosis. EDx assessments beyond routine studies are generally required for sports‐related neuropathy, which may not necessarily follow typical entrapment patterns. Adjunct diagnostic imaging, such as point‐of‐care ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, are helpful tools to identify associated musculoskeletal pathology such as compressive cysts or nerve entrapment, which may be amenable to interventional or surgical treatment. When no clear reversible structural pathology exists, management of sports‐related neuropathy is athlete‐specific and generally multi‐modal, involving a combination of physical rehabilitation techniques to address muscle imbalances, load management, protective equipment, and interventional pain procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel nano‐magnetic catalyst, Fe3O4@SiO2‐APA‐amide/imid‐NiCl2, designed for the efficient production of 4H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazole derivatives under environmentally friendly, solvent‐free conditions. The catalyst combines magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a silica shell and functionalized amide and imidazole groups, which enhance its catalytic activity and stability. By optimizing the reaction conditions, we achieved high yields of the target compounds while minimizing the environmental impact. The catalyst's magnetic properties facilitate easy separation and recovery, making it an attractive option for sustainable organic synthesis. The successful synthesis of the catalyst was confirmed through comprehensive characterization techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that Fe3O4@SiO2‐APA‐amide/imid‐NiCl2 is a highly effective and reusable catalyst for the environmentally friendly synthesis of biologically relevant pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazole derivatives, contributing to the advancement of green methodologies in organic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were completed to explore the adsorption of volatile organic compounds including 2-propenal, acetic acid, and acetone molecules on the Au cluster– and Pt cluster–functionalized BC3 substrates. Our formation energy calculations revealed the thermodynamic stability of the constructed Au cluster and Pt cluster modified BC3 systems. Au and Pt functionalization approach was utilized in this work to amend the adsorption capability of volatile organic molecules on the BC3 surface. Our results exhibited the strong chemical adsorption of 2-propenal, acetic acid, and acetone molecules on the active Pt and Au sites. In all three volatile organic compounds studied, O atoms as reactive sites showed their great tendency to react with the Au and Pt modified surface. The band structure, density of states (DOS), and molecular orbitals were discussed to evaluate the effects of the adsorption of VOC gas molecules on the electronic properties of modified BC3 nanosheets. Thus, Au– and Pt cluster–functionalized BC3 nanosheets can serve as effective nanosensors for detection of volatile organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

BACKGROUND: Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is poisonous to humans and animals and typically damages the nervous system and other organs. Mercuric chloride exposition disclosed to initiation of oxidative stress pathway can result in a defect in male fertility and testis tissue. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were characterized with a diameter range minimal than 100 nm, having the effective sets of the biological matter. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biosynthesized SeNPs, prepared by leek extract on Wistar rats' testicles and brain. METHODS: Thirty‐five Wistar male rats (120–150 g) were randomly split into five groups (n = 7), orally ingested with leek aqueous extract loaded on SeNPs, and then the animals were administered with mercury II chloride (HgCl2) to induce testis injury and damage the nervous system. RESULTS: The used dose of mercuric chloride led to oxidative stress damage in the testis of the rats which was evidenced by a decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels, and an increase in nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and caspase‐3. Also, HgCl2 decreased the levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5‐HT), norepinephrine (NE) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of rats. In addition, A decrease was observed in the levels of antioxidant markers, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), as well as an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), NF‐κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and Bax in both testes and brains. Pre‐treatment with leek extract loaded on SeNPs significantly ameliorated testosterone, LH, FSH, PCNA and caspase‐3 levels in the testis and DA, 5‐HT, NE and BDNF in brains. Although the contents of MDA, NO, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, NF‐κB and Bax decreased significantly in both. glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and Bcl‐2 levels were significantly improved in both organs. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that treatment with aqueous leek extract loaded on SeNPs may offer promising prospects for the advancement of anti‐inflammation activity against testis injury and also have a very key role in neurobehavioral alterations as a result of mercury toxicity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In this edition of the Huntington's Disease Clinical Trials Update, we expand on the ongoing extension study of PTC518 from PTC Therapeutics, including 12-month interim results from the parent study. We also discuss 24-month interim results from uniQure's AMT-130 program and 28-week follow-up results from Wave Life Sciences' SELECT-HD clinical trial of WVE-003. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive listing of all currently registered and ongoing clinical trials in Huntington's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Pesticide residues in food are a global concern due to their potential impacts on human health and the environment. This study investigates pesticide residues in vegetables commonly consumed in Egypt, utilizing advanced analytical techniques such as Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). A total of 4200 vegetable samples, including cucumber, squash, eggplant, okra, peas, onion, green onion, parsley, lettuce, and cantaloupe, were collected from 20 markets across different Egyptian governorates between 2018 and 2021. The analysis revealed that 42% of the samples contained pesticide residues, with only 13% of the analyzed samples exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by Codex/EU-MRL standards. Despite this, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the detected pesticides did not surpass acceptable daily intake (ADI) limits, suggesting no immediate chronic health risks to consumers. These findings highlight Egypt's ongoing commitment to food safety, while also underscoring the importance of continuous monitoring and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices to ensure the long-term safety and quality of the food supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study explores the critical role of inhibitors targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in breast cancer research and treatment. The mTOR pathway, a central regulator of cellular processes, has been identified as a crucial factor in the development and progression of breast cancer. The essay explains the complex molecular mechanisms through which mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its analogs, exert their anticancer effects. These inhibitors can stop cell growth, proliferation, and survival in breast cancer cells by blocking critical signaling pathways within the mTOR pathway. Furthermore, the essay discusses the implications of using mTOR inhibitors as a comprehensive therapeutic strategy. It emphasizes the potential benefits of combining mTOR inhibitors with other treatment approaches to enhance the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment. The evolving landscape of breast cancer research underscores the significance of mTOR as a therapeutic target and highlights ongoing efforts to improve and optimize mTOR inhibitors for clinical use. In conclusion, the essay asserts that inhibitors of the mTOR signaling pathway offer a promising approach in the fight against breast cancer. These inhibitors provide a focused and effective intervention targeting specific dysregulations within the mTOR pathway. As research advances, the integration of mTOR inhibitors into customized combination therapies holds excellent potential for shaping a more effective and personalized approach to breast cancer treatment, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for individuals affected by this complex and diverse disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

A facile synthetic routes to access some new heterocyclic systems containing potent pharmacophoric groups such as pyrazole, pyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,4-triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole, and pyridine moieties linked to pyridine-carboxamide moiety are reported. Construction of the target compounds was achieved via reaction of 3-oxo-butanamides 1a,b with hydrazonoyl halides, heterocyclic diazonium salts, and malononitrile derivatives, respectively. The structures of the new products were confirmed by all possible spectral and elemental analyses. The antibacterial assessment showed that one product was moderately active against both K. pneumonia and S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging has gone through major hardware improvements in recent years, making it a reliable state-of-the-art hybrid modality in clinical practice. At the same time, image reconstruction, attenuation correction, and motion correction algorithms have significantly evolved to provide high-quality images. Part I of the current review discusses technical basics, pre-clinical applications, and clinical applications of PET/MR in radiation oncology and head and neck imaging. PET/MR offers a broad range of advantages in preclinical and clinical imaging. In the preclinic, small and large animal-dedicated devices were developed, making PET/MR capable of delivering new insight into animal models in diseases and facilitating the development of methods that inform clinical PET/MR. Regarding PET/MR's clinical applications in radiation medicine, PET and MR already play crucial roles in the radiotherapy process. Their combination is particularly significant as it can provide molecular and morphological characteristics that are not achievable with other modalities. In addition, the integration of PET/MR information for therapy planning with linear accelerators is expected to provide potentially unique biomarkers for treatment guidance. Furthermore, in clinical applications in the head and neck region, it has been shown that PET/MR can be an accurate modality in head and neck malignancies for staging and resectability assessment. Also, it can play a crucial role in diagnosing residual or recurrent diseases, reliably distinguishing from oedema and fibrosis. PET/MR can furthermore help with tumour characterization and patient prognostication. Lastly, in head and neck carcinoma of unknown origin, PET/MR, with its diagnostic potential, may obviate multiple imaging sessions in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Bovine colostrum (BC) with liposomal delivery system (LDS) is a promising supplement to premature infant formula in absence of mother own milk. We propose that BC with LDS can target multiple etiological factors that threaten the developing retina, making premature infant less liable for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BC with LDS in the prevention of ROP. Methods: This was a single center, randomized, controlled trial. Two hundred and eleven preterm infants of gestational age ≤ 32weeks were admitted to the NICU of Alexandria University Children Hospital, Egypt, and randomly allocated into either non-BC group (n = 105) or BC group (n = 106). Patients in BC group received 3.5 ml /kg/day of BC for 14 days. All patients were monitored for development of ROP, anemia, late onset sepsis (LOS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), in addition to growth assessment. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors predicting ROP development. Results: Compared with the non-BC group, BC group was associated with a significantly lower incidence of ROP (5/100 vs. 16/100, respectively) with a p-value of 0.033. The administration of BC significantly decreased serum C- reactive protein (CRP) level and increased weight on day-14 of the study in comparison with the CRP level and birthweight at the beginning of study, with Cohen's D= -0.184, D = -2.246, respectively. Patients with suspected sepsis were significantly less in BC than non-BC group, p = 0.004. Patients with BC had significantly higher hemoglobin level on day-14 than non-BC-group, with median (IQR) 12.2 (11.0–13.9) and 11.7 (10.5–12.9), respectively. BC intake is one of factors that decreased development of ROP in univariate analysis. Nevertheless, weight gain and birth weight were the most significant factors affecting ROP development in multivariate-regression model. Conclusion: BC may reduce the incidence of ROP in preterm neonates aged ≤ 32 weeks. This might be due to keeping better Hb level and growth rate, as well as anti-inflammatory properties through its ability to decrease CRP level. Trial registration: This work was registered on 06/13/2022 in clinicaltrial.gov with ID no.: NCT05438680 and URL:https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05438680?term=NCT05438680&draw=2&rank=1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the most prevalent initiatives undertaken by leading universities in sustainability and offer a roadmap for other institutions seeking to undertake similar actions and contribute to more effective implementation of sustainability practices. Design/methodology/approach: By using a quantitative assessment approach, the study sheds light on successful initiatives implemented by universities worldwide, spanning six categories: transportation, waste management, curriculum, food and dining, water and energy. Each category is clearly related to one or more of the 17 sustainable development goals. A cluster analysis was also applied to identify regional trends in preferred initiatives. Findings: The study underlines the importance of integrating sustainability principles into the curricula of higher education institutions (HEIs) as well as educating staff members on energy and water management. The most common and impactful initiatives in the studied six categories have been identified. Many of the initiatives mentioned in the study do not just result in reducing ecological footprint but also provide economic savings as well. Differences among regions and countries were observed in the implementation of initiatives. Cultural and habitual factors should not be disregarded during the selection process of initiatives. Originality/value: The findings of this study may help universities to take their first steps toward implementing initiatives that can effectively promote sustainable development. Results will aid other HEIs in planning for next steps while outlining the more common initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency (SIgAD) is one of the most prevalent immunodeficiencies, characterized by an increased risk of mucosal infections. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and is associated with significantly higher rates of various infectious diseases, white blood cell abnormalities, and considerable morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ADHD among patients with SIgAD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, population-based case–control study, within Leumit Health Services, by comparing individuals diagnosed with SIgAD to a matched control group. Data were extracted from electronic health records. Results: Of the >700,000 registered individuals, 772 aged ≥4 years with SIgAD were identified (mean age 22.0 ± 17.5 years; male/female ratio 1:1). The 5:1 matched control group consisted of 3860 subjects without SIgAD, with no significant differences between the groups regarding age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. ADHD prevalence was significantly higher in the SIgAD group (16.2%) than in the control group (12.9%), with an odds ratio of 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.05–1.61, p = 0.017), as was the use of methylphenidate (6.6% vs. 4%). Additionally, respiratory and intestinal infections were significantly more common in the SIgAD group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A significantly higher prevalence of ADHD was observed in patients with SIgAD compared to strictly matched controls without SIgAD. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of ADHD and its associated health complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: While gamma irradiation's damaging biological effects are well-established, the natural radioprotective agents from agricultural waste remain an underexplored area of significant potential. Aim of study: This study was to investigate the novel use of pomegranate peel ethanol extract (PE) as a radioprotective agent against gamma radiation damage. Methods: We pretreated Wistar rats with PE (100 mg/kg) for 14 days prior to 6 Gy gamma irradiation. We analyzed blood biochemicals, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. These included tests of red cell membrane integrity, lipid and protein oxidation, antioxidant enzyme levels, and cytokine profiles. Results: The study showed that PE demonstrated remarkable radioprotective effects across multiple parameters. Antioxidants were significantly enhanced, as evidenced by increased glutathione peroxidase activity (87.00 ± 6.11 mg/ml in PE-treated irradiated rats compared to 26.40 ± 1.21 mg/ml in irradiated controls). Oxidative damage was markedly reduced, with MDA levels dropping from 9.59 ± 0.24 nmol/ml in irradiated controls to near-control levels in PE-treated rats. Notably, PE treatment resulted in unprecedented maintenance of red blood cell membrane integrity post-irradiation. Furthermore, PE exhibited novel modulation of inflammatory cytokines, effectively reducing pro-inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α while simultaneously boosting anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 levels. These multifaceted protective effects highlight PE's potential as a comprehensive radioprotective agent. Conclusion: This study presents PE as an effective new natural radioprotective agent. Its protective effect is due to its high polyphenol content, which enhances antioxidant defenses, reduces oxidative damage, and prevents inflammation. The findings open new avenues for sustainable, cost-effective radioprotection strategies and demonstrate the potential for repurposing agricultural byproducts for critical health applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Background: While gamma irradiation's damaging biological effects are well-established, the natural radioprotective agents from agricultural waste remain an underexplored area of significant potential. Aim of study: This study was to investigate the novel use of pomegranate peel ethanol extract (PE) as a radioprotective agent against gamma radiation damage. Methods: We pretreated Wistar rats with PE (100 mg/kg) for 14 days prior to 6 Gy gamma irradiation. We analyzed blood biochemicals, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. These included tests of red cell membrane integrity, lipid and protein oxidation, antioxidant enzyme levels, and cytokine profiles. Results: The study showed that PE demonstrated remarkable radioprotective effects across multiple parameters. Antioxidants were significantly enhanced, as evidenced by increased glutathione peroxidase activity (87.00 ± 6.11 mg/ml in PE-treated irradiated rats compared to 26.40 ± 1.21 mg/ml in irradiated controls). Oxidative damage was markedly reduced, with MDA levels dropping from 9.59 ± 0.24 nmol/ml in irradiated controls to near-control levels in PE-treated rats. Notably, PE treatment resulted in unprecedented maintenance of red blood cell membrane integrity post-irradiation. Furthermore, PE exhibited novel modulation of inflammatory cytokines, effectively reducing pro-inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α while simultaneously boosting anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 levels. These multifaceted protective effects highlight PE's potential as a comprehensive radioprotective agent. Conclusion: This study presents PE as an effective new natural radioprotective agent. Its protective effect is due to its high polyphenol content, which enhances antioxidant defenses, reduces oxidative damage, and prevents inflammation. The findings open new avenues for sustainable, cost-effective radioprotection strategies and demonstrate the potential for repurposing agricultural byproducts for critical health applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Based on Egypt’s 2030 vision, road paving becomes the principles of sustainable development and it is a matter of necessity for all national projects as "Hayah Karema". Moreover, the form of re-utilization of paving materials namely asphalts and solid aggregate is economic and environmentally friendly. Aging of asphalt resulting from a series of physical and chemical changes occurring and changing its chemical composition and structure occurring during the application and service life so, it finally hardened and cracking gradually appears. This research aims to reuse aged asphalt using two types of vacuum residues (VR) that obtained from two different petroleum refining companies. To achieve this aim, virgin asphalt of type AC60/70 is aged at lab using Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) representing the short and long aging stages. Aged asphalt as well the rejuvenators VR types are characterized for physical and chemical analyses in addition to FTIR and SEM analyses according to ASTM standard and Egyptian code. The needed amount of addition of each VR type to rejuvenate the aged asphalt is determined by establishing the blending chart. Variable mixtures of aged asphalt and VR types are prepared at different percentages and evaluated as previously mentioned in addition to the determination of highest temperature at which the rejuvenated asphalt will stand safe using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The results revealed that, the obtained rejuvenated asphalt using the vacuum residue is suitable for reuse in road paving according to Egyptian standard for AC 60/70 and the two residues are successful rejuvenator agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Developing models to assess the nutrient status of plants at various growth stages is challenging due to the dynamic nature of plant development. Hence, this study encoded spatiotemporal information of plants within a single time-series model to precisely assess the nutrient status of aquaponically cultivated lettuce. In particular, the long short-term memory (LSTM) and deep autoencoder (DAE) approaches were combined to classify aquaponically grown lettuce plants according to their nutrient status. The proposed approach was validated using extensive sequential hyperspectral reflectance measurements acquired from lettuce leaves at different growth stages across the growing season. A DAE was used to extract distinct features from each sequential spectral dataset time step. These features were used as input to an LSTM model to classify lettuce grown across a gradient of nutrient levels. The results demonstrated that the LSTM outperformed the convolutional neural network (CNN) and multi-class support vector machine (MCSVM) approaches. Also, features selected by the DAE showed better performance compared to features extracted using both genetic algorithms (GAs) and sequential forward selection (SFS). The hybridization of deep autoencoder and long short-term memory (DAE-LSTM) obtained the highest overall classification accuracy of 94%. The suggested methodology presents a pathway to automating the process of nutrient status diagnosis throughout the entire plant life cycle, with the LSTM technique poised to assume a pivotal role in forthcoming time-series analyses for precision agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

At first, 1,4-Bis(pyridinium bi-sulfonic acid)benzene dimethylsulfonate (BPBSBDM), as a new Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (BAIL), is efficiently synthesized and revealed utilizing FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), 13C NMR, 1H NMR and Mass data. Subsequently, its catalytic activity was studied in preparing bis(pyrazolyl)methane derivatives through the one-pot multicomponent coupled domino reactions (MCDRs) among 1 mmol aldehydes (aryl, heteroaryl, or alkyl aldehydes), 2 mmol ethyl acetoacetate, and 2 mmol phenylhydrazine/hydrazine hydrate under optimal conditions (50 °C, solvent-free, and 4 mol% of BPBSBDM) in high yields (89–98%), and in short times (2–7 min). Our protocol has the advantages of reasonable turnover number (TON: 22.25 to 24.50) and turnover frequency (TOF: 3.17 to 12.25 min−1) values, high yields of products, non-metallic nature of the catalyst, short reaction times, eco-friendly and economy, easy recyclability and good reproducibility. In addition, three derivatives 8a, 9a and 10a were synthesized and fully identified for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...