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BACKGROUND: Currently, there have been studies on three-dimensional digitalization and visualization systems for adult acupoints, but there are not many reports on the visualization of pediatric acupoints based on real pediatric digital sectional anatomical datasets. OBJECTIVE: To design and develop a digital three-dimensional visualization system for children’s neck acupoints, to provide a basis for acupuncture and moxibustion, meridian and acupoint science teaching, clinical practice, acupuncture manipulation practice, and acupuncture safety research, and to provide a basis for the development of children’s acupoint simulation system. METHODS: Based on a real cross-sectional anatomical dataset of pre-school boys, a three-dimensional digital virtual anatomical model of the neck region of children and internal multi-organ three-dimensional reconstruction were completed using PhotoShop 2021 and Digihuman Reconstruction System software. A database of 11 acupoints was compiled, including Fengfu and Fengchi, using the Unity database language. A three-dimensional model of children’s neck anatomy, acupoint database, and writing acupuncture operation codes were integrated in Unity3D software. A three-dimensional digital visualization system for children’s neck acupoints was successfully created, which integrated simulation acupoint positioning, three-dimensional acupoint anatomy, acupuncture training, clinical teaching, and acupuncture safety research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) This study was based on real child specimens. Manual layer by layer segmentation of cross-sectional images was used to ensure the accuracy of the three-dimensional model to the greatest extent possible. The 3D software Digihuman Reconstruction System was utilized to extract and save independent segmentation data. PhotoShop 2021 software was collaborated with to complete dozens of three-dimensional reconstruction anatomical models of the outer skin of the neck and its internal bone structure, cervical spinal cord, blood vessels and nerves, muscles, and ligaments in children. The basic morphology and overall contour integrity verification of each independent structure were completed in MeshLab software. The 3-material research 13.0 software was applied for final fine tuning and anatomical position confirmation, successfully simulating and restoring the true anatomical morphology of the neck of preschool children. (2) Based on and referring to the national standards of the People’s Republic of China, a database of commonly used acupoints in children’s neck region was collected and organized, including their names, meridians, positioning, local anatomy, needle insertion levels, acupuncture methods, acupuncture accidents and prevention, acupoint indications, and two-dimensional anatomical sectional images. (3) Unity3D software was employed to integrate the three-dimensional model of children’s neck, acupuncture simulation operation, and acupoint database, and a three-dimensional digital children’s neck acupoint acupuncture visualization system was successfully constructed. The system displayed information on children’s neck acupoints, two-dimensional and three-dimensional anatomical structures, and achieved two-dimensional and three-dimensional acupuncture simulation functions and acupuncture safety research functions for children’s neck acupoints. Based on the ultra-thin sectional anatomical dataset of real child specimens, the first three-dimensional digital and visualization system for acupoints in the neck region of children had been constructed. Compared with previous acupoint acupuncture systems, it is more in line with the anatomical and morphological development characteristics of Asian children and has high application value in the fields of acupuncture safety research, clinical teaching, and acupuncture simulation training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the effects of electroacupuncture on traditional acupoints and muscle belly of different target muscles against upper limb dysfunction in stroke patients with hemiplegia. A total of thirty-nine stroke patients with subacute hemiplegia were randomly divided into the control group (n = 19) and observation group (n = 20). The control group was treated with physical therapy and normal electroacupuncture, while the observation group was treated with physical therapy and ultrasound-guided electroacupuncture on the muscle belly. After three weeks' intervention, the scores of Barthel Index, Fugl-Meyer assessment and Action Research Arm Test were compared between the two groups. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in the scores of Barthel Index, Fugl-Meyer assessment and Action Research Arm Test between these two groups. After three weeks' intervention, there was significant increase in the scores of Barthel Index, Fugl-Meyer assessment, and Action Research Arm Test between the observation and control groups. Electroacupuncture on muscle belly under ultrasound guidance could significantly improve the performance of activities of daily living, motor function and the upper limb function in patients with subacute hemiplegia after stroke, and its effect was superior to electroacupuncture on the acupoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of acupuncture intervention and explore the intricacies of acupoint selection as a therapeutic strategy for chemotherapy-induced Anorexia (CIA). Method: Eight electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies on the use of acupuncture for the treatment of CIA to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis. Following this, the Apriori algorithm, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were performed to identify correlations between the selection of acupoints. Results: Acupuncture significantly reduced the incidence of anorexia (RR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.65, 0.90; I2=63%; p = 0.001; n = 503) and anorexia score (SMD=-0.33, 95%CI: −0.53, −0.14; I2=22%; p = 0.0008; n = 419), as well as preserved body mass (MD = 2.70, 95%CI: 1.08, 4.32; I2=0%; p = 0.001; n = 187) and enhanced physical strength (MD = 4.23, 95%CI: 1.90, 6.55; I2=58%; p = 0.0004; n = 377). Moreover, subgroup analysis highlighted its efficacy in managing anorexia associated with non-gastrointestinal tumors and mitigating the severity of cisplatin-induced anorexia. Meanwhile, Zusanli (ST36), Neiguan (PC6), Tianshu (ST25), Zhongwan (RN12), and Qihai (RN6) were identified as crucial acupoints in CIA management. Conclusion: Acupuncture holds promise as a potential non-pharmacological approach for managing anorexia during cancer chemotherapy. To provide robust evidence of its effectiveness, well-designed Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) with larger participant cohorts, and consistent core outcome measures are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acupuncture has been used for pain management for thousands of years. However, it is largely unclear whether this therapeutic approach can effectively reduce heart failure-associated symptoms, including dyspnea. The hypothesis posited in this study was that acupuncture does indeed aid in the management of such symptoms and was motivated by the following statistics that establish a requisite need for efficient management of dyspnea to improve patient outcomes with heart failure. In 2020, an estimated 6.2 million adults in the USA had a heart failure diagnosis; in 2018, 379,800 death certificates reported heart failure; and the national cost of heart failure in 2012 was approximately USD 30.7 billion. Methods: The methodology employed to conduct this study involved review of trial data extracted from review of papers pertaining to acupuncture, symptoms of heart failure, and dyspnea, from academic and clinical data repositories subject to various inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the initial set of 293 studies identified, the resulting inclusion set comprised 30 studies. The analysis conducted revealed that the highest frequency of combined acupuncture points prescribed for the foregoing search criteria were as follows: BL13, BL23, LU9, LU5, Dingchuan, LI4, PC6, and HT7. Results: A meta-analysis of combined pooled p values for the studies revealed that acupuncture does aid in the management of symptoms of dyspnea and heart failure, subject to various limitations including but not limited to heterogeneity inherent between the studies in the inclusion set that were analyzed. Such limitations underscore the need to restrict generalizations from the conclusions of this study. Conclusion: The impact and novelty of this research study is its attempt to target the apparent paucity of literature that focuses on the management of dyspnea specifically in the context of heart failure with acupuncture and to bridge the gap of the application of acupuncture research on dyspnea to the cardiovascular context of heart failure. Notwithstanding the meta-analysis undertaken under this review study, further statistical analysis and a pilot study are warranted to consolidate or nullify the results of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is prevalent among patients receiving paclitaxel chemotherapy, which results in sensory abnormality as well as neuropathic pain. Conventional medications lack effectiveness on PIPN. Clinical trials identified beneficial effects of acupuncture on PIPN among patients receiving chemotherapy. Here we explored the mechanisms underlying how acupuncture might alleviate PIPN. Methods: A mouse model of PIPN was established by repeated paclitaxel application. Electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at ST36 and BL60 acupoints of model mice. Immunostaining, flow cytometry, behavioral assay, in vivo imaging were utilized for effects determination and mechanism exploration. Results: EA ameliorated mechanical and cold pain hypersensitivities, reduced sensory neuron damage and improved loss in intra-epidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) in model mice. Macrophages infiltration were detected in DRG and sciatic nerve of model mice, which was reduced by EA. EA affected M1-like pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration in DRG, whereas it did not affect M2-like macrophages. DRG neurons released chemoattractant CCL2 that recruited macrophages via CCR2 to DRG. EA reduced CCL2 overproduction by DRG neurons and reduced macrophage infiltration. Blocking CCR2 mimicked EA's anti-allodynic effect, whereas exogenously applying recombinant CCL2 reversed the ameliorative effect of EA on macrophage infiltration and abolished EA's anti-allodynia on model mice. EA ameliorated other signs of PIPN, including sensory neuron damage, sciatic nerve morphology impairment and IENFs loss. In mice inoculated with breast cancer cells, EA didn't affect paclitaxel-induced antitumor effect. Conclusions: These findings suggest EA alleviates PIPN by reducing CCL2/CCR2 mediated-pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration into sensory ganglia as well as the sciatic nerve. Our study supports EA could be used as a potential non-pharmacological therapy for PIPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent condition causing significant pain and functional impairment. Acupuncture has shown promise as an adjunctive therapy, but conventional manual selection of acupoints lacks standardization. The Acugraph system provides a computerized method for identifying acupoints, potentially enhancing treatment precision. Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of computerized Acugraph-guided acupuncture versus manually selected acupuncture as adjuncts to physiotherapy in managing KOA. Methods: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial will be conducted with 50 participants diagnosed with mild to moderate KOA. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 Comp-AcuPhysio (n = 25), receiving Acugraph-guided acupuncture with physiotherapy, or Group 2 Man-AcuPhysio (n = 25), receiving manually selected acupuncture with physiotherapy. Both groups will undergo 12 weekly treatment sessions, each lasting 60 minutes. Outcome measures, including the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, active knee flexion range, Timed Up and Go test, Visual Analog Scale for pain, Short Form-36 health survey, and Personal Integrated Energetics score, will be assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention. An intention-to-treat analysis will be applied. Changes from baseline to 12 weeks will be analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance for both within-group and between-group comparisons. Results: This study will provide a definitive assessment of the effectiveness of computerized Acugraph-guided acupuncture compared to manually selected acupuncture as supplementary treatments alongside KOA physiotherapeutic rehabilitation. Conclusion: This trial will offer insights into how incorporating technology-driven approaches, such as Acugraph, with physiotherapy can enhance the customization and effectiveness of KOA management, leading to improved clinical outcomes. These results could advocate for the integration of technological tools in acupuncture to boost treatment precision and efficacy for KOA. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12624000646549p). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the efficacy of an eye massage device that uses acupressure points combined with natural sounds to reduce anxiety and pain in children receiving dental anesthesia for the first time. A total of 105 children aged between 8 and 10 years whose dental treatment required inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. The participants were randomly divided into three groups: Group A: eye massage with natural sounds; Group B: eye massage only; and Group C (control group): traditional behavior management techniques. Anxiety and pain were assessed before, during, and after anesthesia using the Children's Fear Scale (CFS), Wong-Baker pain rating scale (WBS), the Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC) observational pain assessment scale, and pulse rate as a physiological scale. Anxiety and pain significantly decreased in groups A and B compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05), with group A showing a greater decrease in pulse rate and objective pain assessed during injection via the FLACC scale than group B (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was noted between groups A and B regarding the data recorded after anesthesia using the WBS and CFS (p > 0.05). Changes in pulse rate and anxiety levels (CFS) measured before and after the procedure in each group revealed a significant decrease in fear and pulse rate in group A and no significant change in group B, whereas group C showed a significant increase in pulse rate and fear at the end of the procedure. Eye massage with natural sounds can effectively alleviate children's anxiety in the dental setting and reduce pain related to anesthesia, and the combination of these two interventions has the best relaxation effect on children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This retrospective analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of auricular point acupressure therapy as an adjunct to conventional treatment for noise-induced tinnitus. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with noise-induced tinnitus admitted to the Sandun branch of Zhejiang Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 and included 100 patients for analysis. Based on the different treatments, the patients were divided into a conventional therapy group (methylcobalamin tablets for 4 weeks, n = 52) and an auricular point acupressure therapy group (methylcobalamin tablets and auricular point acupressure therapy for 4 weeks, n = 48). The baseline characteristics, tinnitus loudness, hearing thresholds, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire (TEQ), and clinical efficacy were assessed before and after treatment. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, compared with the patients in the conventional therapy group, those in the auricular point acupressure therapy group had an advantage in tinnitus loudness, hearing thresholds, and THI and TEQ scores, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The clinical effectiveness in the auricular point acupressure therapy group was significantly higher than that in the conventional therapy group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Auricular point acupressure therapy has a substantial effect on the treatment of noise-induced tinnitus. It is superior to conventional therapy in reducing tinnitus loudness and hearing thresholds. As a noninvasive therapy, auricular point acupressure has the potential to be an adjuvant therapy for noise-induced tinnitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTH) after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been reported in up to 60% of patients and can be extremely debilitating. While pharmacological treatments are typically used for CPTH, they frequently cause side effects and have limited effectiveness, leading individuals with CPTH to be unsatisfied with current treatment options and to seek nonpharmacological options. Acupuncture has been identified as a potential treatment option; however, the evidence in this population remains limited. The overall goal of this study was to examine the effect of a once weekly (e.g., low dose) versus twice weekly (e.g., high dose) of acupuncture treatment on CPTH in individuals with mTBI. Thirty-eight individuals were randomized to receive either 5 or 10 acupuncture treatments using a standard protocol over 5 weeks. The protocol consisted of 14 points using traditional acupuncture and 4 points using electroacupuncture. Headache outcomes, safety, treatment adherence, sleep quality, and quality of life (QOL) were assessed. The results showed that while there were no differences between dose groups for any of the outcomes assessed, acupuncture significantly reduced the number of headache days and headache pain intensity in individuals with CPTH. There were no significant changes in acute medication use or sleep quality. While there were some QOL improvements identified, these results should be interpreted with caution. Overall, acupuncture was shown to be safe and well-tolerated in people with CPTH after mTBI, and five acupuncture treatments using a standardized protocol shows promise in providing headache relief for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To study the regulatory effect of acupuncture pretreatment on ferroptosis of nerve cells in rats with ischemic stroke. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into sham middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, MCAO group, and acupuncture+MCAO group. In the acupuncture+MCAO group, the acupuncture points of DU26, PC6, and SP6, were selected for acupuncture pretreatment, once a day for a total of 5 days. After pretreatment, MCAO or sham MCAO models were prepared. The Zausinger sextintegral method was used to score the neurological function of rats, and the infarct volume of brain tissue was calculated by TTC staining. Electron microscopy was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of brain tissue. The iron content was detected by colorimetric method, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) was determined by ELISA, and the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was detected by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with the sham MCAO group, the MCAO group had a decrease in neurological function scores, a significant increase in infarct volume, a decrease in the number of mitochondria under electron microscopy, a rupture and vacuolization of the inner mitochondrial cristae, an increase in the contents of iron and MDA in brain tissue, and a decrease in GSH content and GPX4 expression. Compared with the MCAO group, the acupuncture+MCAO group had an increase in neurological function scores, a decrease in infarct volume, a large number of mitochondria under electron microscopy, a clear structure, a decrease or disordered arrangement of some mitochondrial crest structures, a decrease in the contents of iron and MDA in brain tissue, and an increase in GSH content and GPX4 expression. Conclusion Acupuncture pretreatment can alleviate neurological damage in rats, and its mechanism may be related to regulating iron, GSH and MDA contents in brain tissue, and GPX4 expression, improving cell antioxidant capacity and inhibiting nerve cell ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Special information system is a complex information system with specific architecture, clear functional positioning, and diverse components and relationships among elements, and the key point refers to the node or component element that plays a key role in the system, and the damage of "acupuncture point" will have a huge impact on the function and utility of the whole system. It is of great scientific value and practical application significance to study how to excavate the key points of the system. In this paper, the complex network theory is used to analyze the network characteristics of special information system. On this basis, from the two dimensions of "static" and "dynamic", five indexes are proposed respectively, namely, transcendence, clustering coefficient, eigenvector centrality, network elasticity and network destruction resistance, which are used to evaluate the importance of each node. Next, YAANP decision software is used to determine the weight of each index, and then a key "acupoint" mining method for special information system is proposed. Finally, taking the special information system under the background of urban unmanned attack operation as an example, the scientific and reasonable of the proposed method is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a global health complaint. Acupuncture is an effective therapy for cLBP; however, evidence for an optimal acupuncture practice scheme is limited. Objective: This study aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the effectiveness of two acupuncture regimes (sensitized-points acupuncture and routine integrative acupuncture package) for cLBP. Methods: This was a two-arm, assessor-blind, randomized-controlled feasibility study. Thirty adult participants with cLBP were randomly assigned into two groups. Each group received 8 sessions of either sensitized-points acupuncture or routine integrative acupuncture package, respectively. Treatments were conducted twice per week. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (week 0), on a weekly basis for four weeks (week 1, 2, 3, 4), and follow-up (week 12). Student's t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Fisher's exact tests, descriptive analyses, and power analyses were used for statistics. Results: Participants were recruited over 10 weeks with a recruitment rate of 12 participants per month. The treatment plan in both groups was well accepted and tolerated. Besides, the study was characterized by low adverse event rates (8.0% in Group A, 11.7% in Group B), high completion of the outcome measures (97.8% in Group A, 94.3% in Group B), and high participant retention rate (100% in Group A, 93.8% in Group B). Furthermore, preliminary analyses showed that both regimes of acupuncture were potentially efficacious and safe. Conclusions: Conducting a fully powered RCT to evaluate efficacy and safety of two acupuncture regimes in the management of cLBP is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic inflammatory pain is a pervasive condition, and electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective treatment, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key energy sensor, is involved in pain relief and EA's effects. EA may work by increasing endocannabinoids, upregulating CB2 receptors (CB2R), and stimulating β-endorphin (β-END). This study tests if EA activates AMPK via CB2R to modulate β-END and reduce pain. Methods: The inflammatory pain model was established with Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and EA was administered daily for six consecutive days, targeting the acupoints "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Shangjuxu" (ST37). Pain sensitivity was evaluated using Von Frey filaments for mechanical thresholds and a hot plate for thermal thresholds. Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantitatively determine the levels of endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA). The expression levels of the CB2R and β-END were measured by Western blotting, along with the activation of AMPK. Immunofluorescence double-labeling was applied to visualize AMPK activation and β-END expression within CD68-positive macrophages. The study encompassed both wild-type and CB2R gene knockout mice, elucidating the role of CB2R in EA-induced AMPK activation. Results: CFA-induced inflammatory pain model mice exhibited mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. EA activated AMPK in the inflamed skin tissue when it exerted analgesic effect on the inflammatory pain. Pre-administration of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C significantly inhibited the effect of EA on pain relief. EA elevated β-END expression in inflamed skin tissue, which was reversed by Compound C, indicating that AMPK has a regulatory role in EA inducing β-END expression. In addition, EA significantly upregulated the levels of 2-AG, AEA and the expression of CB2Rs in the inflamed skin tissue compared with the CFA group. In wild-type mice, EA activates AMPK in macrophages, while CB2 knockout reduced EA's ability to activate AMPK in these cells. Conclusion: EA activates AMPK through CB2R, enhancing β-END expression in inflamed skin to alleviate inflammatory pain. This study reveals a new link between endocannabinoids, endorphins, and AMPK in analgesic effects of EA, highlighting the CB2R-AMPK-β-END pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neck pain is considered one of the most prevalent global public health problems. This study aimed to compare the immediate and subsequent effects of traditional acupuncture (TA) and laser acupuncture (LA) therapies in individuals with chronic non-specific neck pain. Eighty-four individuals were randomly allocated into 3 groups: TA (needle acupuncture treatment), LA (laser acupuncture treatment: 808 nm; 100 mW; 10 J per point), and S-LA (sham laser acupuncture). The participants were men and women aged between 18 and 60 years who had experienced chronic non-specific neck pain for a minimum period of 3 months. The Tianzhu, Fengchi, Jianjing, and Jianzhongshu acupuncture points were stimulated bilaterally. The primary outcomes were pain intensities at rest and during active neck movements, assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. The secondary outcomes were Pressure Pain Threshold, Temporal Summation of pain, Conditioned Pain Modulation, and Global Perceived Effect scale. The assessments were performed immediately before and after a single treatment session. Additionally, determinations of pain intensity at rest and Global Perceived Effect were performed in a follow-up assessment one month after the interventions. The results showed that the TA and LA interventions were equally significantly superior in reducing immediate pain compared to placebo laser acupuncture (p = 0.001). Traditional acupuncture and laser acupuncture provided equally effective reductions of pain intensity in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. Clinical Trial registration: RBR-7vbw5gd (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - ReBEC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asthma patients with atopic tendencies often experience airway inflammation and structural changes. Common triggers for asthma exacerbations include exercise, specific foods, and respiratory viral infections. Acupuncture has been investigated as a possible treatment for asthma management, but the efficacy of specific acupuncture points remains uncertain. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of stimulating specific acupuncture points along combined visceral meridians on asthma exacerbations triggered by various factors. It also assessed improvements in quality of life, focusing on symptoms, daily activities, environmental influences, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Mini Asthma Questionnaire. Method: The study included 50 patients with chronic persistent asthma who were randomly assigned and categorized based on the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines for asthma control. Over 5 weeks, participants underwent 12 laser acupuncture (LA) sessions targeting acupuncture points on the lung, heart, conception vessel, spleen, and stomach meridians. A low-level laser (780 nm wavelength, 800 mW output) was used to deliver 9.6 J/cm2 per acupoint in continuous mode. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 5 weeks post-treatment using the Mini Asthma Questionnaire, Asthma Control Test (ACT), and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1). Results: Following 5 weeks of laser acupuncture sessions, there was a significant improvement in exercise tolerance (p < 0.001) and a marked reduction in asthma exacerbations triggered by viral infections and food allergies (p < 0.001). The overall Mini Asthma Questionnaire scores were significantly increased from 37.08 ± 10.14 at baseline to 72.60 ± 9.97 post-treatment (p < 0.001). Spirometry findings demonstrated a significant improvement in FEV1 (p > 0.005). Conclusion: Laser acupuncture targeting combined visceral meridians shows promise in enhancing exercise tolerance and reducing asthma exacerbations caused by viral infections and food allergies. This approach significantly improves the quality of life for school-aged children with asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Sham acupuncture is a widely accepted control in acupuncture clinical trials. Given the nature of acupuncture, it is warranted to assess the blinding of sham-controlled trials. Despite the sham acupuncture design having been widely used, the overall blinding of sham acupuncture and the characteristics of blinding assessment in acupuncture trials are unclear. This research aims to assess the blinding status of acupuncture clinical trials and explore the blinding assessment characteristics in acupuncture trials. Methods: This meta-analysis included all the acupuncture clinical trials published in English that performed blinding assessments and reported the results. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to April 2024. The primary outcome is Bang's Blinding Index (Bang's BI) and 95% credibility interval (CrI) was pooled using a Bayesian hierarchical model. The study adheres to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Sixty-four eligible studies published from 1999 to 2024 were included. The mean of Bang's BI was − 0.24 (95% CrI − 0.34 to − 0.14, tau2 = 0.13) for the sham acupuncture group and 0.41 (95% CrI 0.32 to 0.49, tau2 = 0.10) for the verum acupuncture group. The characteristics of blinding showed that 62.50% of the trials had a Bang's BI greater than 0 in the verum group and less than 0 in the sham group; in 28.15% of the trials, the Bang's BI was greater than 0 in the verum group and greater than 0 in the sham group. Subgroup analysis revealed that area, number of research centers, treatment sessions, acupoints number, and evaluation timepoint can influence blinding results. Conclusion: Overall blinding status in current acupuncture clinical trials shows a majority correctly guessing for the verum group and opposite guessing for the sham group. However, in some acupuncture trials, the blinding of sham acupuncture might be compromised. Factors such as the Asian population, penetrating sham needling, and querying participants about their group assignment during the study increase the risk of unblinding and warrant careful consideration in sham acupuncture control design. Furthermore, researchers should closely monitor the blinding status of sham acupuncture and transparently report details of blinding assessments. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42023403595. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of transcutaneous acupoint bioelectric stimulation on regulating the expression of inflammatory factors on endometrial repair after artificial abortion. Methods: 120 patients who underwent artificial abortion were divided into blank group (n=40, routine anti-infection treatment after operation), control group (n=40, bioelectric stimulation treatment on the basis of blank group) and observation group (n=40, transcutaneous acupoint bioelectric stimulation treatment on the basis of blank group). The endometrial thickness, vaginal bleeding volume, inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-4, IL-10], menstrual recovery time, incidence of uterine curettage again and incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease were compared among three groups. Results: After treatment, the vaginal bleeding volume, TNF-a and IL-8 in observation group were lower than those in control group and blank group, and the endometrial thickness was greater than that in blank group and control group (P<0.05). And the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were higher than those in control group and blank group (P<0.05). After treatment, the incidence of uterine curettage again and the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease in observation group were lower than those in blank group and control group, and the time of menstruation recovery was shorter than that in blank group and control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients after artificial abortion receiving transcutaneous acupoint bioelectric stimulation, which can promote endometrial repair and improve clinical symptoms by regulating the expression of inflammatory factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TRPM8 channel, a temperature-sensitive ion channel, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, particularly in the modulation of inflammation and nociception. Although electroacupuncture (EA) is a recognized analgesic treatment for pain conditions, its interaction with TRPM8 remains underexplored. This study aims to determine TRPM8′s role in EA-induced analgesia using a murine model of inflammatory pain. Mechanical allodynia, evidenced by a reduced paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), was induced in both wild-type and Trpm8−/− mice through CFA injection. EA applied at the GB34 and LR3 acupoints significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia in both groups. In wild-type mice, the analgesic effects of EA were partially reversed by naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) or AM251 (a CB1 receptor antagonist) and fully reversed by their combination. In contrast, only AM251 reversed EA-induced analgesia in Trpm8−/− or TRPM8-inhibited wild-type mice (via AMTB treatment, a TRPM8 antagonist), indicating no involvement of the opioid pathway. Additionally, the combination of menthol, a partial TRPM8 agonist, and EA enhanced analgesia in wild-type mice. In Trpm8−/− or AMTB-pretreated mice, the CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) exhibited stronger analgesic effects compared to wild-type controls. These findings suggest that EA at LR3 and GB34 mediates analgesia through both opioid and endocannabinoid pathways. TRPM8 is critical for EA to activate the opioid pathway, while its inhibition or deletion shifts the analgesic mechanism towards reliance on the cannabinoid system. Understanding this mechanistic shift may help optimize EA treatment strategies and improve pain management outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric surgery is associated with high levels of anxiety for both children and parents/caregivers. To mitigate anxiety, auricular acupuncture has shown its potential in the perioperative setting. Accordingly, our team developed a wearable prototype auricular laser acupuncture system, AcuHealth V1.0, as a portable acupuncture device and conducted a proof‐of‐concept evaluation with parents of children undergoing surgery. Aims: The primary aim of this study was to conduct feasibility testing of the AcuHealth V1.0 system in delivering auricular laser acupuncture. Methods: Parents of children who were scheduled to undergo outpatient surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups: authentic acupuncture (laser beams at known anxiolytic acupoints, n = 13), sham acupuncture (non‐anxiolytic acupoints, n = 14), or a placebo control group (inactive laser, n = 14). Parent self‐reported anxiety (0–10 numerical rating scale) was assessed at baseline, pre‐intervention (once child was taken to the OR), post‐intervention, and at 30 min after the intervention. Usability and acceptability data regarding the device were assessed after the intervention. Results: Baseline data revealed no significant difference in anxiety between the three groups. Parent‐reported anxiety level at 30‐min post‐intervention as compared to baseline in the authentic group was significantly decreased (delta mean ± std = −3.58 ± 2.07) compared to both the sham acupuncture (−1.35 ± 2.65) and placebo control group (0.54 ± 1.13). Evaluation of changes in parent‐reported anxiety between groups over time using two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.001). Post hoc analysis with Scheffe test pairwise comparisons showed that at 30‐min post‐intervention compared to baseline, the authentic intervention group was significantly less anxious compared with both the sham group (p = 0.033) and the placebo control group (p = 0.001). Additionally, feedback regarding the usage of the device supported the acceptability and usability of the device with no adverse events. Conclusions: This pilot study administering laser auricular acupuncture via the AcuHealth V1.0 system decreased parental anxiety after 30 min in parents who received treatment immediately after their children were taken to the operating room with no adverse effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) pandemic that hit throughout 2021-2022 had an impact on the decline in health and weight loss of livestock farmers in Lawang who are members of the Burja Goat Edu Farm by more than 50%. Objective: Knowing the benefits of giving routine Laser Puncture to the Burja Coat acupuncture points to increase their weight and health status. Method: Observation and administration of Laserpuncture on 20 goats in one observation pen. The use of Laser puncture to increase body weight in Burja goats is carried out periodically for 2 months with frequency of twice a week. Observating, counseling, and recording of weight gain and health status of Burja goats. Results: Observation and recording of the provision of Laserpuncture showed an increase in body weight of 0.5 kg per week in 1 month it could reach 4 kg. Counseling, coaching and mentoring from students were carried out to record the health status of burja goats by routinely providing vitamins according to the dosage needed at each stage of their growth and development. Conclusion: Laserpuncture administration on Burja goats provides an increase in body weight of 1 kg in 2 weeks and health quality of Burja goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to ascertain the efficacy of photo acupuncture (PA) on the neurophysiological parameters of themedian nerve and hand function in postnatal women. Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has been documented in up to 62% of pregnant females. PA, a noninvasive treatment that utilizes photo therapy on acupoints, could aid in the management of CTS. Material and Methods: Thirty-six postpartum women diagnosed with CTS depending on their medical history, physical examination, and electrodiagnostic study were distributed into two equal-sized groups at random. The PA group (n = 18) received PA for 12 min on the following acupuncture points: PC4, PC6, PC7, PC8, HT2, HT3, HT7, LI10, LI11, LI4, LU9, and LU10. The treatment was given 3 times weekly for four weeks; in addition, night splints were worn. Women in the control group (n = 18) just wore night splints. Before and after the 12-session treatment, each woman was assessed using an electrodiagnostic test to measure the motor distal latency (MDL), sensory distal latency (SDL), motor conduction velocity (MCV), sensory conduction velocity (SCV), pinch dynamometer for assessing pinch strength, and the Brief Michigan Hand Questionnaire (BMHQ) for assessing hand function. Results: A statistically significant improvement was observed in both groups after therapy regarding SDL, SCV, MDL, MCV, pinch strength, and BMHQ (p < 0.05) in favor of the PA group. Conclusion: Adding PA to a night splint should be suggested as an effective conservative therapy for CTS in postpartum women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) is a technique that involves stimulating specific acupoints on the body with electrical currents. It may regulate nerve excitability and improve nerve function. This study aimed to assess the impact of TEAS on gastrointestinal motility, nutrition, and immune function in patients post cerebrovascular accident surgery in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 300 post-cerebrovascular surgery patients at Lishui Central Hospital (January 2021–June 2023). Patients were randomly assigned to TEAS or control groups in a 1:1 ratio. The TEAS group received TEAS at bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37), Tianshu (ST25), Neiguan (PC6), and Hegu (LI4) according to the International Acupuncture Point Code, plus standard care. The control group received routine enteral nutrition and sham TEAS. Nutritional, immune, and gastrointestinal motility indicators were compared. Results: A randomized controlled trial involving 300 post-surgery patients compared TEAS to sham TEAS, demonstrating significant enhancements (p < 0.05) in immune function and gastrointestinal motility. Compared to the control group, the TEAS group showed significant improvements in the patient's serum nutritional levels (prealbumin, albumin, hemoglobin, and total protein), immune status (IgG, IgA, IgM, and CD4+/CD8+), gastrointestinal motility (daily gastric residual volume, time to achieve target feeding volume, time for nutritional fluid to meet standards, time to first bowel movement, time to first passage of activated charcoal stool, time to reach the defecation volume), and overall condition (the scores of clinical scales and ICU stay duration) (p < 0.05). The TEAS group also experienced a significantly lower incidence of adverse events (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Early TEAS intervention positively impacted recovery, shortened ICU stay, and improved outcomes in patients post cerebrovascular accident surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing shoulder pain typically involves the use of acetaminophen or oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but prolonged use of these medications can lead to dependence and various side effects. To overcome the dose dependency and side effects of these conventional drugs, animal venoms have begun to be utilized. Among them, bee venom stands out for its powerful anti-inflammatory properties, which help relieve pain and treat chronic inflammatory conditions. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) for shoulder pain. In March 2024, we searched 11 databases: 5 international and 6 Korean databases. We identified 23 clinical studies on BVA for shoulder pain. The causes of shoulder pain were post-stroke pain (43.5%), rotator cuff syndrome (17.4%), and brachial plexus palsy (13.0%). The BVA concentration and dosage per session were 0.005–1.0 mg/mL and 0.01–2.0 mL, respectively. All included clinical studies reported positive effects on pain outcomes. This review suggests that BVA, which involves injecting bee venom into acupuncture points, may serve as a viable alternative for pain management. However, the level of evidence in the included studies was low and adverse effects were reported infrequently, indicating that further research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture and moxibustion are effective in alleviating symptoms, but the large number of acupoints can make accurate needle placement and training difficult. OBJECTIVE: To address these challenges, this study aims to develop an augmented reality (AR) acupuncture navigation system designed to improve the accuracy and intuitiveness of acupoint localization. METHODS: The proposed system employs a six-point registration and positioning technique, enabling the AR navigation model to adapt to the specific characteristics of each patient. RESULTS: In testing, discrepancies between virtual and actual acupuncture points ranged from 0.6 mm to 3.9 mm, which is within the acceptable tolerance range for acupuncture. CONCLUSION: This AR-based system shows promise in enhancing the precision of acupuncture point localization, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acupoint sensitization is a breakthrough new theory in the field of acupuncture in the past 20 years. It has important value in enriching the theory of meridians and acupoints and improving the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture. At present, the number of studies on the exploration of surface sensitization points for different diseases is on the rise, but there is still a lack of systematic sorting and summary of the exploration mode of surface sensitization points. According to the characteristics of the openness of the research purpose and the accuracy and variability of the target range in the process of surface sensitization point exploration, this paper divides the exploration mode of surface sensitization points into extensive exploration mode and precise exploration mode. There are obvious differences between the two in exploration efficiency and result presentation. The former can be subdivided into holistic extensive exploration mode and local extensive exploration mode, while the latter can be subdivided into fixed precise exploration mode and variable precise exploration mode. By deeply analyzing the applicable scenarios, characteristics and advantages, existing problems of each exploration mode and proposing some opinions on mode selection, mode innovation and future development direction, it aims to provide useful thinking and inspiration for the subsequent research on the exploration of surface sensitization points of various diseases. The acupoint sensitization theory, a breakthrough in acupuncture and moxibustion over the past two decades, has greatly enhanced the understanding of meridians and acupoints while increasing the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment in acupuncture and moxibustion practices. The number of studies on surface sensitization site detection for different diseases is increasing. However, systematic sorting and a summary of the detection mode of surface sensitization points are lacking. Therefore, this study categorizes the method of surface sensitization point detection into two modes: pan-scanning and focused scanning. The classification is based on the characteristics of the openness of the research purpose, the precision of the target range, and the degree of variation during detection. The two modes have considerable differences in the exploration efficiency and the presentation of result. The pan-scanning mode can be further subdivided into holistic and localized pan-scanning modes, whereas the focused-scanning mode can be subdivided into fixed- and variable-focused scanning modes. This study analyzes the application scenarios, characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each detection mode and presents opinions on mode selection, mode innovation, and future development directions. This study aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for the follow-up research on surface sensitization site detection of various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The post-Cesarean section physical recovery phase can cause physiological stress and fear brought on by the incision wound's potentially affecting patient mobility. Pharmacological therapy is sometimes contraindicated for postpartum cesarean section patients, thus necessitating alternative nonpharmacological therapies. Objective: To assess the quality of recovery through electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at specific points LI4, SP6, and a combination of LI4 & SP6 at frequencies of 30, 50, and 100 Hz in postpartum cesarean section patients. Material and methods: A total of 180 postpartum cesarean section patients who satisfied the inclusion requirements were split into intervention and control groups. The postpartum Cesarean section recovery was measured using the QoR-15 at 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after electroacupuncture intervention with frequencies of 30, 50, and 100 Hz. Results: Comparing the electroacupuncture intervention group to the control group, it was shown that the use of frequencies of 30, 50, and 100 Hz at sites LI4, SP6, and the combination of LI4&SP6 improved the quality of recovery after a postpartum Cesarean section considerably. Conclusion: This study concludes that electroacupuncture intervention in postpartum cesarean section patients can improve the quality of recovery. The study's findings suggest that electroacupuncture treatments following a Cesarean section can enhance the Cesarean section patient's quality of recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ear acupressure therapy on obstetric and gynecological (OBGY) pain in women through a systematic review and meta-analysis, providing foundational data on complementary and alternative therapies. Methods: Using the PICO-SD framework, searches were conducted across seven electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE-OVID, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and RISS. The population (P) was women; the intervention (I) included ear acupressure, acupuncture, or auriculotherapy; the control (C) was usual obstetric care or placebo therapy; the outcome (O) was pain; and the study design (SD) was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Revised Checklist for RCTs. Meta-regression and exclusion sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: Sixteen studies were included, with a pooled overall effect size of Hedge’s g = −1.41 (95% confidence interval: −1.96 to −0.86). Meta- regression revealed that factors such as publication year, region, institutional review board approval, funding, sample size, type of pain, intervention type, tools, stimulus points, control group type, intervention duration, session count, session time, outcome measurement time, and quality assessment scores significantly influenced pain reduction. Conclusion: The findings confirm that ear acupressure therapy effectively reduces OBGY pain. However, given the variations in application methods and resulting differences in effectiveness, it is necessary to carefully consider factors such as tools, stimulus points, intervention methods, control group interventions, duration, session count, and session time when applying the therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laser acupuncture regulates energy flow and restores body fluid metabolism. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the laser acupuncture protocol (LAP) on hepatic and renal metabolism in sedentary people. Methods: Longitudinal, double-blind, and randomized clinical trial with 29 participants, adults, both sexes, sedentary, without pre-existing metabolic diseases, subdivided into control and laser groups. Based on the STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture 2010 guidelines, 10 laser applications (660 nm -10 nm wavelength, 100 mW power. The irradiation tip has a diameter of 5 mm, which corresponds to an area of 0.19 cm2, totaling a power density of 0.52W/cm2 and considering the irradiation time of 90 s, the energy density applied was 47.3 J/cm2) were performed on the acupoints of metabolic functions (LR3, SP6, ST36, and LI4) and blood samples were collected for fasting glycemia, lipid profile (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), liver function (AST/GOT and ALT/GPT), and renal function (serum creatinine and urea). A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni corrected post hoc comparisons was applied to compare statistical differences between groups and times, adopting p < 0.05 as the null hypothesis. Results: The laser stimulated changes in serum lipid profile values and renal and hepatic functions. There was a significant (p = 0.014) reduction in LDL ("bad" cholesterol) from 105.75 - 32.83 pre- to 84.32 - 18.38 mg/dL postintervention, associated with cardioprotective function. Positive significant (p = 0.035) impacts were also observed in the reduction of creatinine (0.86 - 0.12 mg/dL to 0.75 - 0.12 mg/dL) and the enzyme AST/GOT (33.73 - 12.95 U/L to 20.80 - 4.99 U/L, p = 0.002). Conclusion: LAP applied to basal metabolism acupoints promoted positive metabolic changes in the lipid profile (LDL), and in main markers of the liver (AST/GOT) and kidney (creatinine) functions, contributing to risk control of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This randomized controlled study aims to investigate the effect of acupressure on pain and postpartum comfort following a cesarean section. The study was conducted with 60 women who underwent cesarean delivery. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. In the intervention group, acupressure was applied to the LI4, SP6, and P6 points for 15 minutes at the 2nd and 4th hours after the cesarean section. In the control group, acupressure was not applied and only routine nursing care was given. Data was collected using a personal information form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PCQ). Acupressure application was applied to the intervention group at the 2nd and 4th hour after cesarean section. All data collection forms were filled out by women in the intervention group before starting acupressure application at 2 hours after cesarean section. VAS was filled out again after acupressure application at 2 hours. VAS was filled out before and after acupressure application at 4 hours after cesarean section. PSQ was filled out in both groups before discharge. In the study, the intervention group's 2nd (3.03 ± 1.24, p <.001) and 4th (4.06 ± 1.22, p <.001) hour posttest VAS scores were lower and PCQ posttest scores (140.6 ± 9.01, p <.001) were higher than the control group. The results indicate that acupressure intervention applied to points LI4, SP6, and P6 was a useful nonpharmacological treatment for postpartum pain and comfort for the study group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) is a safe and effective method for treating obesity. However, how it modulates intestinal flora and adiponectin remains unclear. We employed 16s rRNA sequencing technology to investigate ACE induced changes in intestinal flora and its association with adiponectin in subjects who received real (n = 41) and Sham (n = 41) stimulation. After treatment, the ACE group's body weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHtR, and WHR were significantly lower than those of the Control group (p <.01), there was statistically significant differences in ADPN between the two groups (p <.01). ACE reduces the species abundance and increased the diversity and differences of the gut microbiota in perimenopausal patients with central obesity. Most notably, there was an increase in Kosakonia and Klebsiella after ACE treatment in the patients. Significant negatively correlations were found between body weight/waist circumference and adiponectin. Increases in Klebsiella and Kosakonia were positively correlated with adiponectin, and were negatively correlated with body weight/waist circumference. Our results showed increases in Klebsiella and Kosakonia were correlated with body weight/waist circumference and adiponectin. These findings suggest that ACE-induced weight loss is probably in part associated with increases in adiponectin, Klebsiella and Kosakonia. Trial re-registration:, ID: ChiCTR2400087718, Registration Date: August 2nd 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ocular pain is a prevalent symptom of dry eye disease (DED), which often accompanies potential psychological issues. The study aimed to explore whether acupuncture could improve ocular pain, mental state, and dry eye parameters in patients with DED. Methods: The non-randomized pilot study included 48 patients divided into two groups: the acupuncture group (n=27) and the 0.3% sodium hyaluronate (SH) group (n=21). Participants in the acupuncture group underwent treatments on six bilateral acupuncture points (BL1, BL2, ST1, LI 20, SI1 and SI3) 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Patients in the SH group received 0.3% SH 4 times per day for 4 weeks. Ocular pain was assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS), and mental state was evaluated through the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Ocular surface parameters, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, and corneal nerve morphological indicators were measured at baseline, the first week, and the fourth week. Randomization procedures were not used in this study, and outcome assessors and statistical analysts were blinded. Results: Compared with baseline, both NRS scores (from 5.91 ± 1.52 to 1.94 ± 1.57) and ocular surface discomfort index (OSDI) scores (from 49.75 ± 14.92 to 29.64 ± 18.79) were decreased after 1 and 4 weeks of treatment in both groups (all p < 0.05). At 4 weeks, the acupuncture group showed significant improvements, including increased tear break-up time (TBUT) and corneal perception, decreased SAS and SDS scores, and reduced concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration in tears (all p < 0.05). These changes were not observed in the SH group (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture treatment could improve ocular surface characteristics in patients with DED, and more importantly, it alleviates their ocular pain and depressive state. The anti-inflammatory effect of acupuncture may be involved in this process. Future research with larger, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is necessary to confirm these findings and clarify the mechanisms involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The concept of acupoints is a key defining feature of acupuncture, yet the scientific basis of acupoints remains unclear. In recent years, there has been an emerging body of animal studies demonstrating an association between cutaneous sensitivity and visceral pathophysiology, through which acupoints over the skin are sensitized in pathologic conditions. Several studies with humans have also been conducted to assess whether the sensitivity of acupoints is distinct in healthy versus clinical populations. However, no systematic review has been conducted to collate and synthesize the status and quality of human studies on this topic. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). Literature search was performed by combining variations of search terms related to acupoints and pain sensitivity in PubMed, EMBASE, and Alt HealthWatch (EBSCOHost). Screening of titles and abstracts and review of full-text articles for eligibility were performed by two independent investigators. Using a predefined template, information on subject characteristics, pathologic conditions, names of assessed acupoints, and relevant main findings were extracted from the included studies. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for case-control studies. A quality assessment checklist was also developed by the present authors to examine the quality of reporting of experimental variables that were considered important for evaluating acupoint sensitivity. Results: A total of 3453 studies were identified from the database search, of which 11 met the eligibility criteria to be included in this review. Six studies examined the mechanical sensitivity of body acupoints, and the remaining five studies examined the mechanical sensitivity of auricular points. Overall, findings suggest that the sensitivity of acupoints may be distinct in healthy versus clinical populations. However, there were various potential sources of bias and substantial heterogeneity across included studies in clinical conditions and acupoints. Conclusion: There is at present insufficient evidence to support or refute that acupoints in humans are sensitized in pathologic conditions. There were various methodological issues, including small sample size and poor reporting of experimental design and variables, which limit the ability to draw a definitive conclusion on this topic. It is also largely unclear whether it is the general body regions rather than specific acupoints that may be sensitized, as most studies did not include nonacupoint location(s) for comparison. Thus, further rigorous research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess needle placement accuracy in the rectus abdominis (RA) muscle during dry needling (DN) without entering the peritoneum. Methods: Two physical therapists performed DN on a cadaver, making 10 attempts each to needle the RA without entering the peritoneum. Techniques followed two common DN approaches. Ultrasound verified needle depth and safety. Results: Seventy percent of attempts were recorded as safe needle placement, while 30% were unsafe. Accurate RA needle placement without peritoneal entry occurred in 55% of attempts. Discussion/Conclusion: Inadvertent peritoneal needle placement during RA DN poses risks regardless of experience. Ultrasound guidance may enhance safety and precision in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic neck pain is a common health condition that adversely affects quality of life. Acupuncture shows promise as a potential intervention. This randomized clinical trial compares the efficacy of 2 forms of acupuncture on neck pain when compared with sham acupuncture and participants on a waitlist. Visual Abstract. Long-Term Effects of Individualized Acupuncture for Chronic Neck Pain: Chronic neck pain is a common health condition that adversely affects quality of life. Acupuncture shows promise as a potential intervention. This randomized clinical trial compares the efficacy of 2 forms of acupuncture on neck pain when compared with sham acupuncture and participants on a waitlist. Background: Long-term effects of individualized acupuncture in persons with chronic neck pain (CNP) remain unknown. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pressure pain, sensory-based individualized acupuncture for relieving CNP. Design: A 24-week multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. (ChiCTR1800016371) Setting: Outpatient settings at 4 clinical centers in China from May 2018 to March 2020. Participants: 716 participants with CNP. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to a waiting list (WL) group or to 1 of 3 interventions, which consisted of 10 sessions over 4 weeks: higher sensitive acupoints (HSA), lower sensitive acupoints (LSA), and sham acupoints (SA) acupuncture groups. Measurements: The primary outcome was the change in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for neck pain (range, 0 to 100) from baseline to 4 weeks, with a difference of 10 points considered the minimum clinically important threshold. The VAS was also assessed every 4 weeks through 24 weeks. Results: The modified intention-to-treat population included 683 participants. The mean baseline VAS was 50.36, 50.10, 49.24, and 49.16 for HSA, LSA, SA, and WL, respectively. Compared with a mean baseline to week 4 change of −12.16 in the HSA group, the mean changes were −10.19 in the LSA group (net difference [ND], −1.97 [95% CI, −5.03 to 1.09]), −6.11 in the SA group (ND, −6.05 [CI, −9.10 to −3.00]), and −2.24 in the WL group (ND, −9.93 [CI, −12.95 to −6.90]). The intervention effects persisted at 24-week follow-up. Limitation: Lack of complete blinding and limited generalizability. Conclusion: Individualized acupuncture interventions using high- or low-sensitivity acupuncture points were more effective in reducing CNP than SA and WL control groups sustained through 24 weeks, but the magnitude of relative improvement did not reach a minimal clinically important difference. Primary Funding Source: National Natural Science Foundation of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying electro-acupuncture intervention in chronic prostatitis (CP). Rats were randomly divided into five groups: a control group, a model group (suffering from CP), an electro-acupuncture group, an inhibitor group, and an activator group. One day post-modeling, electro-acupuncture intervention was conducted on the electro-acupuncture group, inhibitor group, and activator group at the acupoints "Baihuan Shu" (BL 30) and "Huiyang" (BL 35). Relevant indicators were used to evaluate the efficacy. Compared with models, the electro-acupuncture group showed significantly increased horizontal and vertical movement scores and sugar water intake, and significantly decreased prostate wet weight and prostate index. Compared with the electro-acupuncture group, the inhibitor group showed significantly increased horizontal and vertical movement scores and sugar water consumption. In contrast, for the activator group, these scores and consumption levels significantly decreased, while their prostate wet weight and prostate index increased significantly. Compared with models, the expression of TLR4 and p-NF- κ B/NF- κ B proteins in the prostate tissue of electro-acupuncture group was significantly lower. In terms of the inhibitor group, they also showed a decrease in TLR4 and p-NF- κ B/NF- κ B protein expression, whilst the activator group showed an increase. Therefore, electro-acupuncture at "Baihuan Shu" (BL 30) and "Huiyang" (BL 35) can significantly enhance movement scores, vertical movement scores, and sugar water consumption in rats with CP. Moreover, it can decrease the wet weight and index of the prostate, possibly by regulating the TLR4/NF- κ B pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN) significantly impacts cancer patients, leading to functional disability, diminished quality of life, and increased healthcare costs amid the ongoing opioid crisis. Auricular point acupressure (APA), a non-invasive and non-pharmacological alternative, has shown potential for alleviating the pain, numbness, and tingling associated with CIN. This study aims to assess the efficacy of APA for CIN symptoms and physical function and to examine the mechanisms underlying APA's effects on CIN. Methods: This is a three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial protocol. Patients aged 18 and older who are experiencing CIN are randomly assigned to one of the three groups: an APA group (in-person APA; mAPA), a sham control group (virtual APA; vAPA), and a wait-list usual care control group (UC). During the four-week program, participants in the mAPA receive an in-person APA treatment and training; the sham control participants (vAPA) receive a self-guided smartphone APA application with APA demonstration videos; and the UC participants will continue with the usual care and be re-randomized into one of the APA groups. The primary outcomes are changes in CIN symptoms and physical function. Secondary outcomes include evaluating pain sensory thresholds, motor and cognitive functioning, inflammatory signaling, brain connectivity, opioid use, and quality of life. The outcomes are measured at baseline, program completion (4 weeks), and at monthly follow-up for 3 months post-intervention. Discussion: This study will provide evidence supporting the potential viability of APA as an intervention for CIN. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT04920097 registered on 3 June 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a leading cause of disability and remains a major burden for many public health systems. Acupuncture is a nonpharmacological treatment for CNLBP that can be effective in improving low back pain; nevertheless, its effect on improving back muscle endurance in patients with CNLBP and its duration of effect have not been studied. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of acupuncture on lower back muscle activity in CNLBP patients. This was a single-blind, randomized, crossover experimental study. Thirty female patients were randomized into Group A (15 patients) or Group B (15 patients). Patients in Group A were assigned to receive real acupuncture (RA) in the first phase and sham acupuncture (SA) in the second phase, while those in Group B received SA first and then RA, with a 1-week washout period between phases. Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of group and time on isokinetic parameters, Surface electromyography (sEMG) data, and blood data. Significant interaction effects were identified between group * time on the isokinetic parameters of the lumbar extensor muscles, sEMG values of the erector spinae, blood lactate levels, and blood ammonia levels (all p< 0.05). Compared with those of the SA group, the isokinetic parameters of the lumbar extensor muscles, sEMG values of the erector spinae, blood lactate levels, and blood ammonia levels of the RA group were significantly different (all p< 0.05). RA improves lumbar extensor endurance in patients with CNLBP and lasts approximately 9 minutes. RA can improve blood circulation to reduce blood lactic acid and blood ammonia produced during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with many patients not responding adequately to available treatments. Electroacupuncture (EA), a nonpharmacologic therapy, holds great promise for alleviating depressive symptoms. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was used to identify genome‐wide alterations in the hippocampus of rats after chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and EA treatments to further elucidate the mechanism by which EA ameliorates depression to provide a basis for the clinical application of EA in stress‐related diseases. Methods: The sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), and forced swimming test (FST) were used to investigate the ability of EA at Baihui (GV20) and Taichong acupoints (LR3) to improve depression‐like behavior in rats subjected to CUMS. Subsequently, RNA‐Seq analysis revealed transcriptomic profiles of the hippocampus of rats subjected to CUMS in which EA ameliorated depressive behavior. Finally, the expression profiles of major differentially expressed genes were tested by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) to determine the accuracy of the RNA‐Seq results. Results: Rats subjected to CUMS exhibited depressive‐like behaviors, such as decreased sucrose consumption in the SPT (p <.001), decreased time in the central area of the OFT (p <.001), and increased immobility in the FST (p <.01). Importantly, rats subjected to CUMS and treated with EA showed increased sucrose consumption (p <.001), increased time spent in the central area of the OFT (p <.001) and decreased immobility in the FST (p <.01). Sixty‐three genes that were differentially expressed following CUMS were altered by EA; most of these were associated with immune pathways. Compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of Colla2 (p <.001), Col3a1 (p <.001), Psmb9 (p <.01), and Tap1 (p <.01) in the hippocampus of rats subjected to CUMS were lower. The changes in the expression of these genes were reversed by EA treatment. Conclusion: EA at GV20 and LR3 attenuated CUMS‐induced depression‐like behaviors by regulating the expression of specific genes such as Colla2, Col3a1, Psmb9, and Tap1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acupuncture has shown promise as a therapeutic option in temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Its benefits include pain relief, reduction of muscle tension and improvement of jaw function. Several alternative approaches, including dry needling and laser acupuncture, were also reported to improve TMD symptoms. This review aims to summarise the most recent studies available on these alternative therapies for TMD. An electronic literature search was conducted in 3 databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, in order to identify articles on acupuncture, dry needling, or laser acupuncture. Search development, process, and two-step article selection were conducted by independent researchers. Data was extracted regarding study characteristics, population characteristics, acupuncture points or techniques used, and assessment methods for diagnosis and effects. Out of 431 identified results, 20 were selected for inclusion. We identified 11 studies on acupuncture, 3 studies on laser acupuncture and 6 studies on dry needling. Most studies showed improvement of TMD symptoms post-intervention, assessed by pain scales and maximum mouth opening. Overall, most studies showed promising results for acupuncture as an alternative, minimally invasive treatment method for TMD. When compared to controls or placebo, acupuncture, and related techniques result in significant relief of TMD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and chronic pain frequent co-occur, exacerbating each other's symptoms and hindering treatment. Emerging studies have highlighted abnormal gut microbiota in both conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated the clinical effectiveness of electro-acupuncture (EA) in managing these conditions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Spared nerve injury (SNI) was employed to induce chronic pain and depression-like behavior. Rats were randomly assigned to sham SNI (SS), SNI, and EA groups. SNI surgery was performed on all rats, except those in SS group, which underwent sham SNI surgery. Then EA group received 5 weeks of EA treatment. Pain and depression-like behavior were assessed through paw withdrawal threshold, sucrose-preference test, and forced swim test. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed via 16S rDNA sequencing. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and acetylation-related proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. EA treatment significantly ameliorated pain and depression-like behavior. The 16S rDNA sequencing showed EA modulated gut microbiota composition, increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, including Akkermansi, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae family, particularly Akkermansia. Furthermore, EA increased BDNF, AcH3 and decreased HDAC2 in mPFC. Notably, SCFAs-producing bacteria exhibited a negative correlation with HDAC2 levels. This study exclusively investigated microbiota differences resulting from EA stimulation, without delving into the functional variations brought about by these microbial distinctions. The therapeutic effects of EA on the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression may involve the modulation of the gut microbiota, resulting in histone acetylation changes and upregulation of BDNF. • EA ameliorated pain and depression-like behaviors in SNI rats. • EA modulated the gut microbiota, increased the abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria, particularly Akkermansia- muciniphila. • EA inhibited histone deacetylase in SNI rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheek acupuncture is a microacupuncture system that utilizes specific points on the cheek to treat various bodily diseases. This essay reviews the origins, development, and clinical applications of cheek acupuncture, beginning with its discovery by Dr. Wang Yongzhou in 1991. Through clinical experiments and observations, it was established that the cheek contains a holographic system corresponding to the entire body. The system has 16 core acupuncture points, divided into four groups for targeting specific areas, such as the head, trunk, limbs, and internal organs. Cheek acupuncture integrates Western and Chinese medical theories, notably holography, the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) theory, and psychosomatic principles. Over the past 25 yr, cheek acupuncture has demonstrated efficacy in treating conditions such as pain, limb dysfunction, visceral diseases, and psychosomatic disorders. The therapy's standardized point selection, simplicity, and holistic approach offer a unique treatment model with broad applications, contributing to its recognition in both academic and clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the acupoint selection rules for cheek acupuncture in the treatment of chronic abdominal pain by data mining technology. Methods: The chronic abdominal pain medical records of Professor Ouyang Bowen in the outpatient clinic of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to December 2022 were used as the data source. The medical record data (basic information, Western medicine diagnosis, Chinese medicine diagnosis, Chinese medicine syndrome type, physical examination target, acupoint prescription, VAS score results) were entered into Excel2019 software to establish a database and standardize the processing. The frequency of acupoint use was descriptively analyzed by Excel 2019; the SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori algorithm was used to analyze the association rules of the prescriptions and mine the frequent item sets of acupoints; the SPSS 26.0 software was used to cluster the high-frequency acupoints, draw the pedigree diagram, and mine the clustering relationship between acupoints. Results: After strict screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 133 medical records, 133 prescriptions, 21 acupoints involved, and a total frequency of 863 times were obtained. The top five acupoints in terms of frequency of use are back acupoints, cervical acupoints, lumbar acupoints, sacral acupoints, and abdominal plexus acupoints. Among the acupoint combinations, cervical acupoints, lumbar acupoints, and back acupoints have the strongest correlation; acupoints used more than 10 times can be divided into three effective clusters. Conclusion: Professor Ouyang Bowen treats chronic abdominal pain by regulating the autonomic nerves, focusing on the referred pain caused by visceral nerve sensitivity, and mainly uses spinal acupoints such as cervical acupoints, back acupoints, lumbar acupoints, and sacral acupoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of microacupuncture, spurred by Paul Nogier's pioneering work in auricular therapy, has expanded the landscape of acupuncture medicine. This paper explores the theoretical underpinnings, development, and clinical applications of microacupuncture systems, focusing on specialized techniques targeting specific body parts or organs. While classical acupuncture emphasizes meridians and collaterals, and modern acupuncture emphasizes nerve-immune-endocrine networks, the theoretical foundation of microacupuncture remains an area of exploration. Drawing from Ralph Alan Dale's coinage of the term "microacupuncture" and Nogier's discovery of auricular acupoints, microacupuncture extends beyond the ear to encompass regions like the foot, hand, wrist and ankle, cheek, nose, and eye orbit. This expansion broadens diagnostic and treatment avenues, incorporating insights from holographic and mast cell models. The holographic model posits a holistic interconnectedness within microsystems, while the mast cell model provides a cellular basis for acupuncture. Mast cell distribution correlates with classical acupuncture points, and areas around body openings, indicating potential therapeutic significance. Major microacupuncture systems are established in areas enriched with mast cells, emphasizing the histological basis of acupuncture specificity. The Mast Cell-Enriched Special Sites (MESS) method identifies gaps in microacupuncture systems, prompting efforts to establish acupuncture points for bodily orifices. Overall, the exploration of microacupuncture enriches acupuncture therapy, offering innovative approaches that transcend conventional boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain from postoperative cesarean section stitches can cause physiological stress, thereby disrupting mobility and affecting the uterine involution process postpartum. Acupuncture at points LI4 and SP6 has been reported to stimulate uterine contractions and reduce pain. Objective: To look into how electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation works at particular places LI4, SP6, and the combination of LI4 & SP6 with frequencies of 30, 50, and 100 Hz on the increase in oxytocin levels postpartum cesarean section. Method: The number of respondents was 144 postpartum cesarean section patients who met the inclusion criteria, divided using the randomized controlled trial (RCT) method into 8 intervention and control groups. Oxytocin levels were analyzed through blood samples using the ELISA method, comparing results before and after the intervention as well as with the control group. Result: The electroacupuncture intervention group's analysis at points LI4 and SP6 showed a substantial (P<0.05) rise in oxytocin levels when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings of this research suggest that electroacupuncture intervention following a cesarean section can induce a rise in the levels of the hormone oxytocin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to assess how acupoint catgut-embedding therapy influencesTh2-type immune response and the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice. It also conducted an initial examination of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Seventy-two mice were randomly divided intofourgroups: normal control, DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis model (AD), AD with acupoint catgut-embedding treatment (ADA), and AD with sham-acupoint catgut-embedding treatment. After DNCB challenge to induce AD, the ADA group received acupoint catgut-embedding therapy treatment at Zusanli (ST 36) and Quchi (LI 11) acupoints everyother week from day 8. Mice in the AD with sham-acupoint catgut-embedding treatment group underwent the same procedure as the ADA group but without catgut implantation. Severity was assessed using SCORAD on treatment days 1, 10, and 20. On day 18, nine miceper group were euthanized, and the remaining on day 28. Histopathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13 levels were analyzed by ELISA, and GATA3 and STAT6 protein levels by western blot. Results: After 20 days of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy treatment, mice showed reduced dermatitis scores compared to DNCB-induced AD-like mice. Significant decreases occurred in serum IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α levels. Skin analysis revealed marked reductions in CD4+ and CD8+ cell infiltration, as well as GATA3 and STAT6 protein levels. Conclusion: Acupoint catgut-embedding therapy may effectively alleviate atopic dermatitis by suppressing Th2 immune responses via the STAT6-GATA3 pathway and reducing CD4+and CD8+ T cell infiltration in skin lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemiplegia is a common symptom after a stroke, and acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB34) has been found to play a significant role in the treatment of poststroke hemiplegia. To explore motor cortex pathology and acupuncture's immediate spatiotemporal effects on poststroke motor pathway impairment, 63 patients and 42 healthy subjects underwent three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans: resting‐state, passive finger movement, and acupuncture at Yanglingquan points. Twenty‐two brain regions were selected as regions of interest (ROI). Spatial intersubject correlation (spatial ISC), intersubject time point‐to‐time point correlation (ISTC), and dynamic intersubject functional correlation (dISFC) analysis methods were employed to analyze the intersubject correlation of signal fluctuations in each scan condition. Spatial ISC and ISTC analyses revealed stable signal patterns during resting for both groups with minimal differences. During finger movement, signal patterns matched the task module (movement–rest–movement–rest). In acupuncture, response patterns showed a high–low–high–low fluctuation trend across time segments. And dISFC analysis clustered patient and control data into five time segments for resting and acupuncture, with slight group differences. Time segment distribution differed between resting and acupuncture. Resting displayed consistent ISFC intensity change trend for both groups. Acupuncture showed "strong–weak–strong–weak" ISFC fluctuation pattern between time segments, with relative intensity among ROIs being structurally consistent, varying more during needle retention. These results suggest that acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB34) shows a "strong–weak–strong–weak" time fluctuation pattern. Motor‐related brain regions display consistent temporal features between groups, while acupuncture yields intricate spatiotemporal effects on these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the application value of Pelvic Inflammation No. 1 formula of transdermal meridian pointtargeted drug delivery therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (damp-heat stasis type). Methods: All patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (damp-heat stasis type) visited Danzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2017 to March 2021 and were randomly grouped, 57 patients in the control group were treated with simple Western medicine, and 57 patients in the observation group were combined with Pelvic Inflammation No. 1 formula transdermal meridian targeted transdermal medication, and the therapeutic efficacies were compared after 3 months of treatment. Results: After treatment, serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）, D dimer （D-D）, IL-6 and other indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and IL-10 was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. After treatment, the carbohydrate antigen CA125 in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+ cells in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment, the score of summary of health status surveys （SF-36） in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the total score of TCM symptoms was lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.49%（ 55/57）, which was higher than 82.46% （46/57） in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion: For patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease （damp-heat stagnation type）, combined with Pelvic Inflammation No. 1 formula transdermal via acupoints targeted drug therapy can help to regulate inflammatory factors, regulate immune function, and improve clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at PC6 could reduce hypotension after spinal anesthesia (SA) in parturients and to compare the effect of TEAS at different frequencies. Methods: From February 20, 2023, to August 29, 2023, 90 parturients scheduled for c-section under SA were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (Control), TEAS at high frequency (TEAS-HF), or TEAS at low frequency (TEAS-LF). Treatments started immediately after SA and lasted for 30 min. The primary endpoint was incidence of hypotension by 30 min after SA. Secondary endpoints included lowest systolic blood pressure (SBP) during 30 min after SA, dose of ephedrine, dose of atropine, Apgar score at 1 min, and adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, dyspnea, and chest congestion. Results: In the TEAS-HF group, the incidence of hypotension by 30 min after SA was lower (13.3%) than in the Control (53.3%, p = 0.001; OR 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.8) and TEAS-LF group (40.0%, p = 0.02, OR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–2.0). The lowest SBP during 30 min after SA was higher in the TEAS-HF group (100.0 ± 9.4 mm Hg) than in the Control group (91.5 ± 16.5 mm Hg) and TEAS-LF group (93.9 ± 16.6 mm Hg). Patients who received TEAS showed a lower score of nausea and vomiting (both p = 0.02). Patients in the group TEAS-HF showed a lower incidence of dizziness, dyspnea, and of chest congestion than those in the other two groups. There was no difference with respect to atropine consumption and neonatal Apgar score. Conclusions: TEAS-HF at PC6 reduced hypotension after SA in parturients, while TEAS-LF did not. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05724095) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychoactive drugs have anticholinergic effects, which might cause constipation; however, probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine can resolve constipation. This study aimed to examine the effect of probiotics combined with traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture point massage, and acupuncture point application on patients with intestinal solid heat constipation. We enrolled 200 patients, randomly divided into three intervention groups and a control group. Group 1 received probiotics combined with acupressure point massage and acupuncture point application; Group 2 received probiotics combined with acupressure point massage; Group 3 received probiotics combined with acupuncture point application, while the control group received routine treatment only. After intervention, the total effective rate of the intervention groups was higher than that of the control group (52%). The constipation symptom score in the intervention groups was lower than that in the control group, and the symptom score, defecation characteristics, and defecation time of group 1 were significantly lower than those of groups 2 and 3. The Bristol defecation trait, difficulty, time, and interval were better in the intervention groups than in the control group. Combining probiotics with traditional Chinese medicine, acupressure massage, and acupuncture point application can resolve intestinal solid heat constipation caused by psychoactive drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients often consider bone marrow aspiration and biopsy to be one of the most painful medical procedures. The effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions to reduce pain during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy remains unclear. Aim: To synthesize existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions in mitigating procedural pain among patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods: Six electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 15, 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool Version 2.0. Meta‐analysis was conducted using STATA 16. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by the GRADE approach. Results: This meta‐analysis included 18 studies derived from 17 articles involving a total of 1017 participants. The pooled results revealed statistically significant pain reduction effects using distraction (SMD: −.845, 95% CI: −1.344 to −.346, p <.001), powered bone marrow biopsy system (SMD: −.266, 95% CI: −.529 to −.003, p =.048), and acupoint stimulation (SMD: −1.016, 95% CI: −1.995 to −.037, p =.042) among patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. However, the pooled results on hypnosis (SMD: −1.228, 95% CI: −4.091 to 1.515, p =.368) showed no significant impact on pain reduction. Additionally, the pooled results for distraction did not demonstrate a significant effect on operative anxiety (MD: −2.942, 95% CI: −7.650 to 1.767, p =.221). Conclusions: Distraction, powered bone marrow biopsy system and acupoint stimulation are effective in reducing pain among patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Patient or Public Contribution: Not applicable. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This meta‐analysis highlights the effectiveness of distraction, powered bone marrow biopsy system and acupoint stimulation for reducing pain in patients undergoing bone marrow biopsy. Healthcare professionals should consider integrating these interventions into pain management practices for these patients. Registration: (PROSPERO): CRD42023422854. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]