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Data security is becoming important as the amount of video data transmitted over the internet grows rapidly. This research article aims to maximize the security of transmitted video data by proposing a novel hybrid technique for video encryption and decryption. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and the Modified Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES) are two encryption techniques that are included in the hybrid approach. By providing a more effective and safe method for video encryption and decryption, this research considerably advances the field of video data protection in Internet communication. In the proposed technique the video frames are extracted, and each frame is first encrypted using MAES technique and then again encrypted using ECC technique. After the encryption, the individual frames are merged to make an encrypted video. The same process is performed in reverse order to perform decryption of the video. The results of the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested scheme: higher security, better accuracy, and shorter processing times when compared to well-known techniques such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), MAES, ECC, Simplified Data Encryption Standard (SDES), and Chaotic Map methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs) support features like comfort, safety, and infotainment, enhancing traffic efficiency. However, traditional VANETs struggle with dynamic and large‐scale networks due to fixed policies and complex architectures, such as constantly changing vehicle positions. Software‐defined networks (SDN) can address these challenges by offering centralized, logical control, making VANETs more flexible and programmable. While SDNs improve VANET efficiency and add security benefits, they also introduce new security risks by incorporating novel technologies and architectural elements. Since VANET services rely heavily on data communication, compromised data (e.g., modified, falsified) could significantly impact driver and vehicle safety, making secure communication vital. Security threats specific to SDNs, like vulnerabilities in centralized control or flow‐based threats exploiting dynamic routing, necessitate robust cryptographic solutions to secure vehicle communications and data exchange. Various cryptographic algorithms, differing in performance, speed, memory requirements, and key sizes, pose challenges in selecting the optimal one for SDN‐based VANETs. This study evaluated seven cryptographic algorithms, including Blowfish, data encryption standard, triple data encryption standard, Rivest–Shamir–Adleman, advanced encryption standard (AES), advanced encryption standard with elliptic curve cryptography (AES‐ECC), and advanced encryption standard with elliptic curve Diffie‐Hellman (AES‐ECDH), in a simulated SDN‐based VANET. The findings show AES‐ECDH as the most effective overall, though the best choice depends on specific deployment scenarios and application needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In existing schemes, there has been no analysis or steps built for balancing data integrity and energy consumption of clusters in the network, and providing security in WSN is difficult. In this research work, to overcome these troubles, we have used a Query-based Location-Aware Secure Multicast Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks (QLAMSR) is proposed to attain energy efficiency and security. There are three modules involved here. The first module is about the network model and the system overview to obtain more network lifetime. In the second module, an advanced encryption standard and RC6 algorithms is used here to provide authentication and data integrity. In the third module, efficient energy routes are established and demonstrated to illustrate network reliability. Node trust and reliable route energy efficiency are calculated to produce efficient data integrity through the idea of a fuzzy decision model. The proposed protocol is simulated with the Network Simulator tool (NS 2.34) to analyze the network performance metrics and finally its shown that proposed QLAMSR attains route energy efficiency by 39–92% and data integrity rate by 18–89(packets/sec). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of cloud computing has transformed the way data is stored and managed, yet it has also brought about major security issues, especially concerning the secure transfer of data within cloud systems. In response to these challenges, this research develops a comprehensive cyber-security trust model that provides multi-risk protection for secure data transmission in cloud computing, ensuring the highest level of privacy and data security. This innovative approach aims to ensure the secure transmission of data in cloud computing while harnessing the combined strengths of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Advanced Encryption Algorithm. As cloud environments become integral to modern business operations, safeguarding data against a multitude of security risks, including traditional and emerging threats, is paramount. The Cyber-Security Trust Model leverages blockchain to establish a transparent and tamper-resistant ledger of all data transactions within the cloud. This blockchain layer enhances data integrity, auditability, and traceability while also providing a decentralized and trust-based framework for authentication and authorization. The Multi-Risk Protection Model incorporates both Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and a Modified Advanced Encryption Standard (MAES) to offer multi-layered defence mechanisms. Through rigorous testing and analysis, this study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed Cyber-Security Trust Model with a Merkle tree-based solution for data integrity verification. It makes a significant impact on the field of secure data transmission in cloud computing by providing strong protection against a constantly changing set of security threats. MATLAB is employed to conduct rigorous experiments, analyse results, and validate the model's performance in various cloud computing scenarios. The findings of the proposed study show the proposed method, combining Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Modified AES (MAES), stands out with exceptional performance, featuring encryption and decryption times of 2.25ms and 1.071ms, respectively. The proposed system outperforms all others, boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 99.84%. This research signifies a ground-breaking advancement in cloud computing security, addressing a spectrum of traditional and emerging threats through a multi-risk protection model incorporating Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and MAES while demonstrating exceptional performance in rigorous experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim to enhance cloud security with higher data confidentiality rate and integrity, we propose a novel technique called Stochastic Deep Encryption Standard Algorithm (SDESA). After the successful registration of the cloud user with the Cloud Server, the authentication process is executed using a Stochastic Nesterov Gradient Piecewise Deep Belief Network model, which distinguishes between authorized and unauthorized users with the greatest accuracy and least time. Gestalt pattern matching method is used to find legitimate users. Stochastic Nesterov gradient approach is adapted to decrease the classification error, thus boosting the attack detection accuracy. Linear Congruential Ephemeral Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm, which uses the Linear Congruential Ephemeral Secret Random Key for data encryption/ decryption to protect data by preventing unauthorized access, is finally introduced to guarantee the data confidentiality and integrity. The results indicate that SDESA outperforms conventional methods in terms of various performance metrics under different scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the similar characteristics of chaotic systems and cryptography, public key encryption algorithms based on chaotic systems are worth in-depth research and have high value for the future. Chebyshev polynomials have good properties and are often used in the design of public key algorithms. This paper improves the Bose Multi-Chaotic Public Key Cryptographic Algorithm (BMPKC) by applying Chebyshev polynomials. The proposed algorithm (CMPKC- k i ) introduces the selective coefficient k i based on the properties of Chebyshev polynomials, allowing the special functions that need to be negotiated in the original system to be freely and randomly chosen as Chebyshev polynomials, and can also be expanded to m levels. The improved cryptographic algorithm also utilizes chaotic hash functions and logistic mapping to generate pseudo-random sequences and overcomes shortcomings of the Bose algorithm by iteratively iterating the selected Chebyshev polynomials based on the number of 0s or 1s in the pseudo-random sequence, thus providing better security. Analysis and software testing results indicate that this algorithm has strong robustness against brute force attacks, achieving a higher attack time for breaking the private key compared to the CEPKC, BMPKC, and CMPKC algorithms. Compared to the CMPKC algorithm, our proposal algorithm achieves better performance in the encryption and decryption phases. Furthermore, we combine this Multi-Chaotic System Key Exchange Protocol with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, while providing a demonstration, offering more possibilities for practical applications of this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing efficient techniques to search over encrypted data space has always been an intriguing security challenge, although many solutions based on classical searching methods have been proposed. Grover’s algorithm, a quantum counterpart of searching algorithms, has proven to provide quadratic speedup over any classical search technique on an unsorted database. However, this algorithm is unable to search over encrypted data space. This study proposed an extension of Grover’s algorithm to enable search over encrypted dataspace, allowing clients with limited-capability quantum resources to delegate complex search operations to an untrusted server. The blindness of data in this protocol is achieved by encrypting qubits using Pauli’s rotation gates that maximally mix the outgoing states. The empirical estimation of the overhead of the computation due to the introduction of this technique has been analyzed. This estimate has been used for comparative analysis, showing the efficiency of the proposed protocol. A practical application of the proposed searchable encryption technique has been utilized to estimate the increase in resources needed to carry out a brute-force attack on AES encryption using secure Grover’s algorithm. Furthermore, an extensive experimental analysis of the effect of noise has been studied using four different noise models: amplitude damping, phase damping, depolarizing noise, and bit-flip noise. The investigation provided useful insight into the behavior of the proposed algorithm under noisy conditions and also estimated the tolerance thresholds of the proposed algorithm under different noise models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors present a technique for developing a secure messaging service called "CryptoMess" which utilizes the Commutative Supersingular Isogeny Diffie-Hellman (CSIDH) algorithm for secure key exchange and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to protect message content in communication. In addition, the authors have incorporated the Falcon post-quantum digital signature technology to ensure the integrity and authenticity of communications between the sender and the recipient. The novel post-quantum cryptographic algorithms utilized by the authors are still under consideration in the competition to select cryptosystems for use in quantum computing systems organized by the NIST Standards Institute. As a result, the messaging program "CryptoMess" is able to exchange messages between users, providing safety, security, integrity, and authenticity. The authors have included modern post-quantum cryptography techniques, such as the Falcon digital signature system, to guarantee that the product operates safely. The program has a transmitting rate of approximately 209–261 ms and a receiving rate of approximately 168–206 ms. The message signing time is about 260 ms, and the message verification speed is approximately 185 ms. Key generation time is about 741 ms, key encapsulation time is about 1.454 ms, and key decapsulation time is about 1.921 ms. The source code of the "CryptoMess" communications program has been analyzed and tested by the authors using the Fortify Static Code Analyzer tool to ensure that the product has been created safely and securely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the explosion of data in the Internet of vehicles, large power consumption, low quality of service, and content delivery security issues have been brought. To solve these problems, a secure caching strategy based on content and resource allocation is proposed. Firstly, the caching optimization problem is formulated as a power consumption minimization problem with vehicle rate and resource constraints. Then, considering the characteristics of the content placement and content delivery, the power consumption optimization problem is decomposed into two sub-problems. The first sub-problem researches the impacts of vehicle preferences and content sizes on cache decisions, and a content popularity and size-aware caching strategy is proposed. The second sub-problem researches the effects of wireless resources on transmission power consumption, and an efficient content delivery strategy by iterative bandwidth and power allocation is proposed. After obtaining the optimal caching strategy, this paper combines the use of improved elliptic curve cryptography and advanced encryption standard algorithms to perform content secure placement. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the power consumption and caching hit rate compared with benchmark schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) has been a prevalent cryptographic structure in the world. Existing AES-related cryptographic accelerators generally face the problem of high power consumption. To deal with this challenge, this paper presents a cryptographic structure that employs iterative reuse to decrease resource utilization. Through the efficient use of delay-line RAM, the implementation of long-length key storage results in a reduction in the utilization of registers. The computational complexity of AES cryptographic algorithm is reduced by using homomorphic mapping to the inversion operation in S-box from the Galois Fields GF(28) to GF[(24)2]. Such proposed AES cryptographic accelerator is characterized by its low resource utilization and low power consumption. In addition, we have also conducted some simulation analysis to evaluate its performance. The synthesis result indicates that the AES cryptographic accelerator exhibits a 0.74% reduction in utilization of LUT and a 35% decrease in power consumption, as compared to the original version. The proposed AES cryptographic accelerator results in an area of 0.101mm2, a throughput of 12.28Gbps, and a power consumption of 2.56mW in TSMC 90nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management (SCM) is most significant place of concentration in various corporate circumstances. SCM has both designed and monitored numerous tasks with the following phases such as allocation, creation, product sourcing, and warehousing. Based on this perspective, the privacy of data flow is more important among producers, suppliers, and customers to ensure the responsibility of the market. This work aims to develop a novel Improved Digital Navigator Assessment (DNA)-based Self Improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm (IDNA-based SIPOA model) for secured data transmission in SCM via blockchain. An improved DNA cryptosystem is done for the process of preservation for data. The original message is encrypted by Improved Advanced Encryption Standard (IAES). The optimal key generation is done by the proposed SIPOA algorithm. The efficiency of the adopted model has been analyzed with conventional methods with regard to security for secured data exchange in SCM. The proposed IDNA-based SIPOA obtained the lowest value for the 40% cypher text is 0.71, while the BWO is 0.79, DOA is 0.77, TWOA is 0.84, BOA is 0.83, POA is 0.86, SDSM is 0.88, DNASF is 0.82 and FSA-SLnO is 0.78, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, with the simplification of cloud storage complexity and expanding its capacity, the cloud has become more widely accessible. Data owners increasingly shift away from traditional systems to leverage cloud resources, enhancing capacity and geographic diversity. Despite these advancements, the need to safeguard confidential data prompts a transformation to encryption before outsourcing, establishing additional standards for data privacy. This shift renders conventional data utilization through standard keyword searching obsolete. Therefore, there is a crucial need for an encrypted cloud information search service. To address the challenge of privacy-preserving multi-keyword searches, this paper proposes an efficient solution that enhances the existing framework. The proposed system uses an advanced encryption standard (AES) to improve data security and management in a cloud environment. Each private server maintains a registered information file and deletes merged data from the free cloud after observation. Customers can manage order records in the cloud data warehouse by transparently logging observations. Access to server information requires client inspection requests and verification. Private servers validate capacity and issue tokens to the Key Distribution Center (KDC) for key distribution. Finally, the term frequency-inverse dense frequency (TF-IDF) equation is used for data positioning. This approach ensures secure, authenticated, and efficient data handling. This solution focuses on two key objectives: firstly, incorporating synonym-based search to facilitate multi-keyword synonym queries, and secondly, implementing a ranked search to yield more detailed search results. While existing search methods support only fuzzy keywords or precise queries over encrypted cloud data. The authors assess its performance by employing real-life datasets, and comprehensive experiments affirm the validity and practicality of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance security in the semiconductor industry's globalized production, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) proposed an authentication protocol under the Supply Chain Hardware Integrity for Electronics Defense (SHIELD) program. This protocol integrates a secure hardware root-of-trust, known as a dielet, into integrated circuits (ICs). The SHIELD protocol, combined with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in counter mode, named CTR-SHIELD, targets try-and-check attacks. However, CTR-SHIELD is vulnerable to desynchronization attacks on its counter blocks. To counteract this, we introduce the DTR-SHIELD protocol, where DTR stands for double counters. DTR-SHIELD addresses the desynchronization issue by altering the counter incrementation process, which previously solely relied on truncated serial IDs. Our protocol adds a new AES encryption step and requires the dielet to transmit an additional 100 bits, ensuring more robust security through active server involvement and message verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of an S-Box in some lightweight cryptography algorithms, like Speck and Tiny Encryption Algorithm, or the presence of a fixed S-Box in others, like Advanced Encryption Standard, makes them more vulnerable to attacks. This proposal presents a novel approach to creating two dynamic 8-bit S-Boxes (16 × 16). The generation process for each S-Box consists of two phases. Initially, the number initialization phase involves generating sequence numbers 1, sequence numbers 2, and shift values for S-Box1 using the 2D Tinkerbell map. Additionally, sequence numbers 3, sequence numbers 4, and shift values for S-Box2 are generated using the 2D Duffing map. Subsequently, the S-Box construction phase involves the construction of S-Box1 and S-Box2. The effectiveness of the newly proposed S-Boxes was evaluated based on various criteria, including the bijective property, balance, fixed points, and strict avalanche criteria. It was observed that S-Box1 achieved a remarkable linear and differential branch number of 4, surpassing any previous studies. Furthermore, it exhibited a non-linearity of 105.50, a differential uniformity of 12, and an algebraic degree of 7. Similarly, S-Box2 also achieved a linear and differential branch number of 4, a non-linearity of 105.25, a differential uniformity of 14, and an algebraic degree of 7. Moreover, the reduction in the number of linear and nonlinear operations for both S-Boxes makes them suitable for lightweight algorithms. The architecture of the proposed S-Boxes demonstrates robustness, with a total of 3.35 × 10504 possible S-Boxes, providing protection against algebraic attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is the foundational technology of the next generation air transportation system defined by Federal Aviation Authority and is one of the most precise ways for tracking aircraft position. ADS-B is intended to provide greater situational awareness to the pilots by displaying the traffic information like aircraft ID, altitude, speed and other critical parameters on the Cockpit Display of Traffic Information displays in the cockpit. Unfortunately, due to the initial proposed nature of ADS-B protocol, it is neither encrypted nor has any other innate security mechanisms, which makes it an easy target for malicious attacks. The system is vulnerable to various active and passive attacks like message ingestion, message deletion, eavesdropping, jamming, etc., which has become an area of concern for the aviation industry. The purpose of this study is to propose a method based on modified advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm to secure the ADS=B messages and increase the integrity of ADS-B data transmissions. Design/methodology/approach: Though there are various cryptographic and non-cryptographic methods proposed to secure ADS-B data transmissions, it is evident that most of these systems have limitations in terms of cost, implementation or feasibility. The new proposed method implements AES encryption techniques on the ADS-B data on the sender side and correlated decryption mechanism at the receiver end. The system is designed based on the flight schedule data available from any flight planning systems and implementing the AES algorithm on the ADS-B data from each aircraft in the flight schedule. Findings: The suitable hardware was developed using Raspberry pi, ESP32 and Ra-02. Several runs were done to verify the original message, transmitted data and received data. During transmission, encryption algorithm was being developed, which has got very high secured transmission, and during the reception, the data was secured. Field test was conducted to validate the transmission and quality. Several trials were done to validate the transmission process. The authors have successfully shown that the ADS-B data can be encrypted using AES algorithm. The authors are successful in transmitting and receiving the ADS-B data packet using the discussed hardware and software methodology. One major advantage of using the proposed solution is that the information received is encrypted, and the receiver ADS-B system can decrypt the messages on the receiving end. This clearly proves that when the data is received by an unknown receiver, the messages cannot be decrypted, as the receiver is not capable of decrypting the AES-authenticated messages transmitted by the authenticated source. Also, AES encryption is highly unlikely to be decrypted if the encryption key and the associated decryption key are not known. Research limitations/implications: Implementation of the developed solution in actual onboard avionics systems is not within the scope of this research. Hence, assessing in the real-time distances is not covered. Social implications: The authors propose to extend this as a software solution to the onboard avionics systems by considering the required architectural changes. This solution can also bring in positive results for unmanned air vehicles in addition to the commercial aircrafts. Enhancement of security to the key operational and navigation data elements is going to be invaluable for future air traffic management and saving lives of people. Originality/value: The proposed solution has been practically implemented by developing the hardware and software as part of this research. This has been clearly brought out in the paper. The implementation has been tested using the actual ADS-B data/messages received from using the ADS-B receiver. The solution works perfectly, and this brings immense value to the aircraft-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-ground communications, specifically while using ADS-B data for communicating the position information. With the proposed architecture and minor software updates to the onboard avionics, this solution can enhance safety of flights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our work aims to enhance the security of a specific type of satellite image, namely InSAR interferograms. To achieve our objective, we followed the following steps: (i) segment the InSAR interferogram into three equal segments, (ii) generate three keys using a GEFFE generator for the encryption of each segment, (iii) encrypt each segment separately with the Advanced Encryption Standard AES-256 algorithm in Output Feedback (OFB) encryption mode, (iv) subsequently perform a hash operation using the SHA-256 function on both the original and decrypted interferograms to verify the integrity of the decrypted interferogram. Several analyses have been conducted on our cryptosystem, including differential attack analysis, histogram analysis, Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) analysis, Gradient-based Structural Similarity Index (GSSIM) analysis, Mean Squared Error (MSE) analysis, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) analysis, and Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI) analysis, as well as an analysis of differential attacks. The results obtained indicate that the proposed cryptosystem offers a high degree of resistance against various attacks compared to other work carried out in the same context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is widely recognized as a robust cryptographic algorithm utilized to protect data integrity and confidentiality. When it comes to lightweight implementations of the algorithm, the literature mainly emphasizes area and power optimization, often overlooking considerations related to performance and security. This paper evaluates two of our previously proposed lightweight AES implementations using both profiled and non-profiled attacks. One is an unprotected implementation, and the other one is a protected version using Domain-Oriented Masking (DOM). The findings of this study indicate that the inclusion of DOM in the design enhances its resistance to attacks at the cost of doubling the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a proposal is made for a cryptographic algorithm designed for passive ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification systems. The algorithm relies on the advanced encryption standard (AES) as its fundamental encryption technique, augmented by two supplementary steps: the initial step involves generating a random key and the second is the randomization of data, this introduces an extra level of security to encryption process against attacks. The developed architecture has been optimized to minimize hardware resource consumption with faster execution speed. The algorithm has been simulated, synthesized and implemented in an xtreme digital signal processing (DSP) starter kit equipped with xilinx’s spartan-3A DSP 1800A edition and it serves the purpose of encrypting and decrypting user data on a radio frequency identification (RFID) passive tag. The main objective is to make it difficult to break the algorithm because of its multiple steps. The experimental results showed that the speed, functionality and cost of encryption and decryption make this a perfectly practical solution, providing a satisfactory level of security for today’s communications systems, or other electronic data transfer processes where security is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The security of wireless communication systems has been the focal subject of research for more than a century. It is a topic of vital importance due to its effectiveness in many fields. Besides, the importance of sending data from one point to another without intercepting by unwanted third-party has become an essential requirement in conjunction with the widespread hacking technologies. This research paper is set out to explore a new technique used in internet of things applications that will ensure a secure wireless communication system. Additionally, it clarifies five distinct cryptographic methods: advanced encryption standard, elliptic curve cryptography, transposition, substitution, and Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman. In addition, the secure wireless communication system combines four of the prementioned techniques to build a highly secure system. Moreover, we managed to elucidate the critical points of our work on the long-range systems into a short yet informative and detailed summary. This paper will extensively cover the following topics: cryptography, cryptographic methods and techniques, software implementation, applications, and advantages of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of technology has led to various advancements, including the ability to conduct online payments through applications. Companies providing digital transaction payment services require a payment gateway system as an intermediary for online transactions. The system acts as an intermediary between merchants with digital wallets and banks, involving the company, merchants, and banks in its development. The system includes essential features like bill payment, user credit card verification, and transaction checking, customized to meet the specific requirements of merchants and adhere to security standards. In this study, we incorporated the rivest-shamir-adleman (RSA) algorithm and advanced encryption standard (AES) to ensure the security of a payment gateway system. We adopt the agile methodology in the development process of the system. We test the acceptance of the system to the user, and we also test the performance of the system. The results of this research show that the system can be accepted by the user, fulfill the user's needs, can be executed well, and performs adequately in handling multiple transactions concurrently. The outcome of this study can serve as valuable input for the company in building its own system, providing insights into algorithm implementation techniques and the system workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a collection of research papers on various topics related to cybersecurity. The papers cover a range of subjects, including mapping vulnerabilities to defense strategies, countermeasures for cybersecurity challenges in higher education, identifying malware packers, the role of blockchain technology in manufacturing, text-to-image synthesis, predicting cybersecurity attacks on IoT, enhancing data security in BYOD environments, encryption schemes for IoT systems, usable security, and an analysis of the ChatGPT language model. Each paper presents its findings and proposes solutions to address specific cybersecurity issues. The document aims to raise awareness and improve mitigation efforts against cyber threats, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between businesses and law enforcement agencies. [Extracted from the article]

Communication security has become particularly crucial with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology, a prevalent method in wireless communication, has a wide range of applications in the Internet of Things. Enhancing the security of frequency hopping sequences is an essential means to improve the security of frequency hopping communication in the Internet of Things, as the performance of frequency hopping sequences plays a crucial role in frequency hopping systems. This paper proposes constructing secure adaptive frequency hopping sequence sets based on the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. As a block cipher algorithm with superior security, the AES algorithm can provide a fundamental guarantee for the security of the proposed frequency hopping sequences. The mapping methods from ciphertext sequences to frequency hopping sequences proposed in this paper can achieve the construction of frequency hopping sequences of any frequency set size to meet the requirements of adaptive frequency hopping. In addition, we also model and analyse the problem of overlapping spectrum band of the IoT groups in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, aiming to achieve better packet transmission performance by adjusting the frequency set size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional advanced encryption standard (AES) method requires improvement to accommodate modern security hazards in cloud computing. Outsourcing private and secret information to distant information networks is difficult due to new problems connected with the confidentiality and safety of information. The structure presented by this study has essential components involving improved security and owner-data privacy. The dual-cycle key attribute alters the 128-bit AES method, accelerating encryption at 1000 bits per second. However, a singular circular bar with 800 blocks per second has been used historically. The suggested technique uses less energy and improves the distribution of load, trust, and control of resources on the entire network. The proposed framework calls for the use of AES with 128, 64, 32, and 16 bytes of simple text. Visualizing simulation outcomes shows the technique's capability for obtaining specific quality features. According to the assessments, the proposed framework reduces energy consumption by 14.43 %, connection utilization by 11.53 %, and delay by 15.67 %. As a result, the suggested framework improves protection, decreases resource usage, and shortens latency when delivering computing services over the cloud. The experiment was done with Anaconda Python and Eclipse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose an approach to create a high-quality quantum tent map by utilizing the generalized quantum dot system. Our objective is to determine if its chaos surpasses that of the traditional classic tent. To achieve this, we first introduce a quantum tent map, showcasing its chaotic behavior in relation to control parameters and initial conditions. We validate the presence of chaos by calculating the Lyapunov exponent and analyzing the time series. Next, we design a chaotic S-box based on this new map. Subsequently, we explore the possibility of obtaining strong S-boxes by employing two fractional stochastic models and three components of the proposed quantum tent map. Our primary question is whether the combination of fractional stochastic models and quantum tent maps can result in superior S-boxes. The answer to this question is a resounding "Yes." The performance of these S-boxes exceeds that of previously proposed models. Finally, we evaluate a mixed S-box as the foundation for achieving highly secure image encryption. Among the models presented in this article, the best-performing S-box is produced through the combination of the fractional gamma distribution (FGD) with parameters α = 1.06 and β = 2.8 , along with the X-quantum tent map dimension. This model achieves an SAC (Strict Avalanche Criterion) value of 0.5, surpassing even AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). Its non-linearity value is 106.625, indicating excellent performance. Additionally, the model has an LP (Linear Property) value of 0.128906 and a DP (Differential Properties) score of 12. Furthermore, we obtain BIC-SAC 0.503209 and BIC-Non-linearity 103.679. Lastly, we present an image encryption algorithm to demonstrate the effectiveness of the mixed S-box, evaluating its performance against various attacks. The results affirm the suitability of this encryption method, with the generated image encryption offering a key space of 2 16960 , ensuring high security. The example image exhibits an entropy value of 7.9311. Moreover, it demonstrates correlations in different orientations: horizontal (0.0076), vertical ( - 0.00048659 ), and diagonal (0.00020717). The image also achieves NPCR (Number of Pixel Change Rate) at %99.63 and UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity) at %33.96. Notably, the algorithm executes in an impressive time of 0.810653, particularly considering the utilization of new 64 S-boxes instead of a fixed one. Even the correlation value for some standard photos approaches 0.0000667, demonstrating smallest correlation. This article underscores the effectiveness of combining new methods to generate an S-box. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To secure sensitive medical records in the healthcare clouds, this paper proposes an End-to-End Encryption (E2EE) to enhance a patient-centric blockchain-based system for electronic health record (EHR) management. The suggested system with a focus on the patient enables individuals to oversee their medical records within various involved parties by authorizing or withdrawing permission for access to their records. Utilizing the inter-planetary file system (IPFS) for record storage is chosen due to its decentralized nature and its ability to guarantee the unchangeability of records. Then an E2EE enhancement maintains the medical data integrity using dual level-Hybrid encryption: symmetric Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and asymmetric Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) cryptographic techniques. The proposed system is implemented using the Ethereum blockchain system for EHR data sharing and integration utilizing a web-based interface for the patient and all users to initiate the EHR sharing transactions over the IPFS cloud. The proposed system performance is evaluated in a working system prototype. For different file sizes between 512 KB to 100 MB, the performance metrics used to evaluate the proposed system were the time consumed for generating key, encryption, and decryption. The results demonstrate the proposed system's superiority over other cutting-edge systems and its practical ability to share secure health data in cloud environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To hide confidential messages from people who are not responsible or who can access the messages, a way is needed to hide the messages. One way to hide messages in transmission is to change the data into something unintelligible by encoding and embedding it using cryptography and steganography techniques. This application was built using the hill cipher algorithm and the Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) method. This algorithm is a symmetric key algorithm which has several advantages in data encryption. The hill chiper algorithm uses a mxm matrix as the encryption and decryption key. Meanwhile, the RC4 symmetric key is in the form of a stream cipher which can process input data as well as messages or information. Input data is generally in the form of bytes or even bits. The results of this research show that hill cipher and RC4 have their respective advantages and disadvantages. However, currently, RC4 is generally considered less safe for use in securitycritical scenarios due to its vulnerability to attack. It is highly recommended to use an encryption algorithm such as advanced encryption standard (AES) which is modern and strong and has been tested and proven to be more resilient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privacy is given top priority as far as communication involving transfer of confidential document or data is concerned. There is therefore a need to keep confidential data secretive from being invaded by unauthorised access, and this is done through cryptography algorithms, where the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm has been the widely accepted symmetric block encryption algorithm for such purposes. This paper therefore focuses on developing a new AES-512 bits symmetric encryption algorithm through modification of the conventional AES-128 algorithm to be used purposefully in the classroom for document transfer. The development comes with increasing the plaintext bits of the conventional AES-128 algorithm to 512 bits plaintext which undergoes five operational transformations: STATE, SKGF, SRL, SCL and AARC through key size in the Galois field, GF(29 ). A numerical example is then given to explain the use of the algorithm, and finally, we provide a comparative study of this algorithm and other existing symmetric encryption models, such as the AES-128 and DES algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is one of the most commonly used and analyzed encryption algorithms. In this work, we present new combinations of some prominent attacks on AES, achieving new records in data requirements among attacks, utilizing only 24 and 216 chosen plaintexts (CP) for 6-round and 7-round AES-192/256, respectively. One of our attacks is a combination of a meet-in-the-middle (MiTM) attack with a square attack mounted on 6-round AES-192/256 while another attack combines an MiTM attack and an integral attack, utilizing key space partitioning technique, on 7-round AES-192/256. Moreover, we illustrate that impossible differential (ID) attacks can be viewed as the dual of MiTM attacks in certain aspects which enables us to recover the correct key using the meet-in-the-middle (MiTM) technique instead of sieving through all potential wrong keys in our ID attack. Furthermore, we introduce the constant guessing technique in the inner rounds which significantly reduces the number of key bytes to be searched. The time and memory complexities of our attacks remain marginal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, several deep learning (DL) approaches, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN), have been utilized to carry out side-channel attacks. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in cryptographic systems, especially in resource-constrained devices like microcontrollers. By analyzing side-channel measures using DL models, attackers can extract information leaked through physical means, including power consumption, time, heat, sound, and electromagnetic radiation, to uncover the secret keys of cryptographic algorithms. Most of these attacks rely on DL models to extract secrets from cryptographic algorithm implementations. In this article, we present a DL-based power analysis attack (PAA) to extract the advanced encryption standard (AES) keys from the ATmega328P microcontroller. Our approach employs a CNN trained on power consumption traces collected during AES-128 execution on the microcontroller. We explain how DL-based PAA exploit the leakage of information from cryptographic devices to recover the secret keys, and we provide a detailed performance comparison of our method to other methods that target cryptographic devices. Our approach stands out not only in its methodology, but also in its robustness and efficiency in revealing secret keys. In comparison with other state-of-the-art methods, our DL-based PAA, implemented on an ASIC with a 130 nm technology, requires only about 1200 traces to successfully extract all 16 bytes of the AES-128 key. This performance outperforms the next-best method evaluated in this paper by a margin of 100 power consumption traces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of social networks, the Internet of Things, and economic mobility has led to an exponential increase in data. New data having high volume, high velocity, high variety, and high value are called big data. Big data present additional requirements in terms of storage and computation resources. Various enterprises aim to outsource their big data services to the cloud because of its cost efficiency, less management, resource pooling, and resilient computing. However, outsourcing the storage of sensitive data can expose them to potential security risks. Encryption presents a straightforward solution for data privacy preserving. In traditional encryption mechanisms, such as advanced encryption standard, the data owner and users must share an exact key for both data encryption and decryption. Currently, these mechanisms do not provide a scalable and secure solution for big data storage and analysis. Furthermore, they need to be more efficient to support big data velocity. Unfortunately, securing outsourced big data storage to a public cloud environment to later maintain efficient and secure processing over encrypted data by cloud servers cannot be ensured using traditional encryption mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a security approach for this issue by which honest but curious users or cloud service providers cannot reach complete information from the stored data. From the analysis, the proposed approach can provide secure cloud-assisted big data. Meanwhile, the performance evaluation shows the efficiency of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant diseases are rising nowadays. Plant diseases lead to high economic losses. Internet of Things (IoT) technology has found its application in various sectors. This led to the introduction of smart farming, in which IoT has been utilized to help identify the exact spot of the diseased affected region on the leaf from the vast farmland in a well-organized and automated manner. Thus, the main focus of this task is the introduction of a novel plant disease detection model that relies on IoT technology. The collected images are given to the Image Transmission phase. Here, the encryption task is performed by employing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and also the decrypted plant images are fed to the pre-processing stage. The Mask Regions with Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) are used to segment the pre-processed images. Then, the segmented images are given to the detection phase in which the Adaptive Dense Hybrid Convolution Network with Attention Mechanism (ADHCN-AM) approach is utilized to perform the detection of plant disease. From the ADHCN-AM, the final detected plant disease outcomes are obtained. Throughout the entire validation, the offered model shows 95% enhancement in terms of MCC showcasing its effectiveness over the existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical data are increasing drastically due to the vast development of medical sciences. The security of this immense data is also a challenge of the present era. Image watermarking is a technique to secure medical data from alteration. Authentication of patients records is also necessary in case of medical data transmission. In this paper, an optimized electroencephalogram watermarking technique are proposed with dual authentication using Advanced encryption standards (AES) and speeded-up robust features is proposed. Scaling factor plays an important role to balance the properties of watermarking algorithm. The cuckoo search optimization is used to get the optimized scaling factor. The Henon encryption (HE) is used to enhance the security of sub-band obtained from identity of the patient image used as the watermark. The diagonalized Hessenberg decomposition (HD) is used for embedding watermark while secured hash algorithm (SHA-256) is used to protect watermark against malicious attacks. For the proposed technique, detailed security analysis has been performed for AES encryption technique. Various performance metrics are computed for the proposed technique to estimate the effectiveness of the watermarking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial internet of things (IIoT) refers to a system of interconnected equipment, sensors, and devices deployed within industrial environments whose primary function is to collect and facilitate the exchange of data. IIoT has gained significant traction in several domains, encompassing remote monitoring, equipment management, and condition tracking. The utilization of IIoT in different environments gives rise to apprehensions regarding the security of data. As a result of this, it is imperative to ensure that rigorous safety measures are in place to safeguard the confidentiality of the sensitive information being transmitted. The utilization of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and quantum key exchange (QKE) in IIoT networks holds promise for achieving robust and predictable security measures. ECC is a widely adopted type of public-key cryptography due to its efficiency and security. It has gained significant popularity in contemporary systems. QKE is an innovative methodology that originates from the fundamental principles of quantum physics. The system has the ability to generate a secret key that is impervious to hacking attempts, as it leverages natural principles instead of conventional mathematical procedures. Due to this characteristic, quantum key distribution (QKD) is widely recognized as one of the most reliable methods for key exchange. The combination has led to the creation of a novel cryptographic model that integrates elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and quantum key exchange (QKE) techniques for the generation and distribution of cryptographic keys. The model leads to an increase in the base probability of the Bennett–Brassard protocol (BB84) from 0.5 to 1. Subsequently, the keys that are produced are employed for the encryption of data through a streamlined and adapted variant of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), thereby expediting the secure exchange of data while upholding its level of safeguarding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new image encryption scheme using the advanced encryption standard (AES), a chaotic map, a genetic operator, and a fuzzy inference system is proposed in this paper. In this work, plain images were used as input, and the required security level was achieved. Security criteria were computed after running a proposed encryption process. Then an adaptive fuzzy system decided whether to repeat the encryption process, terminate it, or run the next stage based on the achieved results and user demand. The SHA-512 hash function was employed to increase key sensitivity. Security analysis was conducted to evaluate the security of the proposed scheme, which showed it had high security and all the criteria necessary for a good and efficient encryption algorithm were met. Simulation results and the comparison of similar works showed the proposed encryptor had a pseudo-noise output and was strongly dependent upon the changing key and plain image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the best methods for assessing a baby's health is foetal electrocardiography (FECG). Previously restricted to more widespread global disorders such as common ischemia, it is new way to investigating foetal heart rate irregularities. Current prenatal monitoring practices ignore critical FECG waveform elements that are the foundation of both pediatric, adult cardiac assessment, and instead of focusing solely on the foetal heart rate. In this paper we proposed Double Multiply-and-Accumulate (MAC) approach used for package operators into a single DSP block of commercial FPGAs, theoretically doubling the calculation speed for FECG monitoring. For a variety of technical reasons, they were using the Space-Time Block Code (STBC) monitoring mode of operation. To strengthen the security of FECG monitoring, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) method may be used with the double MAC operators using STBC based FECG monitoring that has been developed. The solution was then assessed using state-of-the-art the Space-Time Block Code (STBC) based FECG techniques, and its validity was confirmed using Verilog simulation and FPGA synthesis. The calculation throughput of an STBC-based FECG monitoring system was found to be doubled using the Double MAC approach. Our implementation result demonstrates that keys are necessary for 128-bit AES encoding and decoding operations via VHDL-coded transformations. It is now more vital than ever to do a feasibility analysis of any hardware design due to the increase in the number of ways presented for minimizing noise. The efficiency increased (92%), and the delay was decreased to 19.35 ns by employing this double MAC architecture. The simulation results demonstrate that transformations for coding on an FPGA are implemented using the Xilinx VIVADO tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, network users have been scared of storing sensitive information, such as bank details, health records, and other vital information, on the Internet because it is vulnerable to attack by a third party. Several threat models are impacting the security of the cloud. Having a secure cloud system will help to be at ease in using cloud computing facilities. This study aims at providing a cryptography approach to eliminating the vulnerabilities in the cloud-based system, and making access and data storage in the cloud very safe. The system uses Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) to encrypt files and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key to encrypt the encrypted files. The hash function is used for extra key security, and Python programming language was used to implement the system, and for cloud storage, MongoDB was used. Generally, results indicate that the Double Stage Encryption (DSE) takes an average time for encryption of 83% and decryption of 75% compared to RSA and AES singly. The RSA is 68% faster than AES during the encryption process, but there is no significant difference between the two during decryption. The Avalanche effect testing showed the DSE to be 17% higher than singly testing AES and RSA, which implies it is more secure than RSA and AES as single encryption schemes. Therefore, the study recommends using DSE to secure valuable data on the cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The necessity for strong security methods to safeguard sensitive data carried over these kinds of networks has grown as a result of optical communication services rapid development. To increase the security of optical communication, we suggest a Modified Paillier-assisted Advanced Encryption Standard (MP-AES) technique in this study. This strategy combines the Paillier cryptosystem with the AES algorithm. The homomorphic characteristics of the Paillier cryptosystem allow operations to be carried out on data that is encrypted without requiring decryption. By taking advantage of this characteristic, we can securely compute on the AES-encrypted keys, maintaining the secrecy and authenticity of the sent data. To tackle potential weaknesses and improve security, our suggested MP-AES approach incorporates significant changes to the established Paillier system and the AES method. The technique uses a dynamic key creation technique that increases the unpredictability of the encryption procedure and strengthens its defense against cryptographic assaults. We carried out comprehensive simulations and compared the outcomes with the traditional AES techniques employed in optical networks to measure the efficiency and safety of the proposed approach. The results of the experiments show that our updated approach offers increased security while still having a manageable processing burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) devices increasingly contribute to critical infrastructures, necessitating robust security measures. LoRaWAN, a low-power IoT network, employs the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with a 128-bit key for encryption and integrity, balancing efficiency and security. As computational capabilities of devices advance and recommendations for stronger encryption, such as AES-256, emerge, the implications of using longer AES keys (192 and 256 bits) on LoRaWAN devices' energy consumption and processing time become crucial. Despite the significance of the topic, there is a lack of research on the implications of using larger AES keys in real-world LoRaWAN settings. To address this gap, we perform extensive tests in a real-world LoRaWAN environment, modifying the source code of both a LoRaWAN end device and open-source server stack to incorporate larger AES keys. Our results show that, while larger AES keys increase both energy consumption and processing time, these increments are minimal compared to the time on air. Specifically, for the maximum payload size we used, when comparing AES-256 to AES-128, the additional computational time and energy are, respectively, 750 m s and 236 μJ. However, in terms of time on air costs, these increases represent just 0.2% and 0.13%, respectively. Our observations confirm our intuition that the increased costs correlate to the number of rounds of AES computation. Moreover, we formulate a mathematical model to predict the impact of longer AES keys on processing time, which further supports our empirical findings. These results suggest that implementing longer AES keys in LoRaWAN is a practical solution enhancing its security strength while not significantly impacting energy consumption or processing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volume of data transmitted over networks has significantly increased in recent years. For that reason, safeguarding the privacy, authenticity, and confidentiality of specific data is imperative, necessitating a type of encryption; symmetric encryption, known for its computational efficiency, is ideal for securing extensive datasets. A principal component within symmetric key algorithms is the substitution box (S-box), which creates confusion between plaintext and ciphertext, enhancing the security of the process. This paper proposes a fashion method to create chaotic S-boxes using the Rössler attractor as a chaotic process and the Rijndael S-box as a permutation box. The proposed S-boxes are evaluated with bijectivity, non-linearity (NL), strict avalanche criterion (SAC), bit independence criterion (BIC), linear approximation probability (LAP), and differential uniformity (DU). The analyses show that the proposed method helps generate a high-resistance S-box to well-known attacks and high efficiency, executing in short computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the dynamic distribution of resources and task scheduling has played a critical role in cloud computing to achieve maximum storage and performance. The allocation of computational tasks in the cloud is a complicated process that can be affected by some factors, such as available network bandwidth, makespan, and cost considerations. However, these allocations are always non-symmetric. Therefore, it is crucial to optimize available bandwidth for efficient cloud computing task scheduling. In this research, a novel swarm-based task scheduling with a security approach is proposed to optimize the distribution of tasks using available resources and encode cloud information during task scheduling. It can combine the Moth Swarm Algorithm (MSA) with the Chameleon Swarm Algorithm (CSA) for the task scheduling process and utilizes the Polymorphic Advanced Encryption Standard (P-AES) for information security of cloud scheduled tasks. The approach offers a new perspective for utilizing swarm intelligence algorithms to optimize cloud task scheduling. The integration of MSA and CSA with P-AES enables the approach to provide efficient and secure task scheduling by exploiting the strengths of used algorithms. The study evaluates the performance of the proposed approach in terms of the degree of imbalance, makespan, resource utilization, cost, average waiting time, response time, throughput, latency, execution time, speed, and bandwidth utilization. The simulation is carried out using a wide range of tasks from 1000 to 5000. The results show that the approach provides an innovative solution to the challenges of task scheduling in cloud environments and improves the performance of cloud services in terms of effectiveness and security measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]