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This paper derives the sharp bounds for Hermite–Hadamard inequalities in the context of Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. A generalization of Jensen's inequality called the Jensen–Mercer inequality is used for general points to find the new and refined bounds of fractional Hermite–Hadamard inequalities. The existing Hermite–Hadamard inequalities in classical or fractional calculus have been proved for convex functions, typically involving only two points as in Jensen's inequality. By applying the general points in Jensen–Mercer inequalities, we extend the scope of the existing results, which were previously proved for two points in the Jensen's inequality or the Jensen–Mercer inequality. The use of left and right Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals in inequalities is challenging because of the general values involved in the Jensen–Mercer inequality, which we overcame by considering different cases. The use of the Jensen–Mercer inequality for general points to prove the refined bounds is a very interesting finding of this work, because it simultaneously generalizes many existing results in fractional and classical calculus. The application of these new results is demonstrated through error analysis of numerical integration formulas. To show the validity and significance of the findings, various numerical examples are tested. The numerical examples clearly demonstrate the significance of this new approach, as using more points in the Jensen–Mercer inequality leads to sharper bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we initially derive an integral identity that incorporates a twice-differentiable function. After establishing the recently created identity, we proceed to demonstrate some new Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer-type inequalities for twice-differentiable convex functions. Additionally, it demonstrates that the recently introduced inequalities have extended certain pre-existing inequalities found in the literature. Finally, we provide applications to the newly established inequalities to verify their usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we prove a new variant of q-Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer-type inequality for the functions that satisfy the Jensen–Mercer inequality (JMI). Moreover, we establish some new midpoint- and trapezoidal-type inequalities for differentiable functions using the JMI. The newly developed inequalities are also shown to be extensions of preexisting inequalities in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proves a new q-Hermite-Hadamard inequality for convex functions using quantum integrals. We also prove some new midpoint-type inequalities for q-differentiable convex functions. Moreover, we present some examples to illustrate our established results, supplemented with graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work establishes some new inequalities to find error bounds for Maclaurin's formulas in the framework of q-calculus. For this, we first prove an integral identity involving q-integral and q-derivative. Then, we use this new identity to prove some q-integral inequalities for q-differentiable convex functions. The inequalities proved here are very important in the literature because, with their help, we can find error bounds for Maclaurin's formula in both q and classical calculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we establish two new and different versions of fractional HermiteHadamard type inequality for the convex functions with respect to a pair of functions. Moreover, we establish a new Simpson’s type inequalities for differentiable convex functions with respect to a pair of functions. We also prove two more Simpson’s type inequalities for differentiable convex functions with respect to a pair of functions using the power mean and Hölder’s inequalities. It is also shown that the newly established inequalities are the extension of some existing results. Finally, we add some mathematical examples and their graphs to show the validity of newly established results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prove Ostrowski–Mercer inequalities for differentiable harmonically convex functions. It is also shown that the newly proved inequalities can be converted into some existing inequalities. Furthermore, it is provided that how the newly discovered inequalities can be applied to special means of real numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish some new Bullen-type inequalities for differentiable convex functions using the generalized fractional integrals. The main advantage of the inequalities and operators used to obtain them is that these inequalities can be turned into some existing inequalities for Riemann integrals and new inequalities for Riemann–Liouville fractional integral inequalities and k -fractional integrals. Finally, we add some applications of special means of real numbers using the newly established inequalities to make these results more interesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the current study is to establish some new parameterized Newton-type inequalities for differentiable convex functions in the setting of fractional calculus. For this, first we prove a parameterized integral identity involving fractional integrals and then prove Newton-type inequalities for differentiable convex functions. It is also shown that the newly established parameterized inequalities are refinements of the already proved inequalities in the literature for different choices of parameters. Finally, we discuss a mathematical example along with a plot to show the validity of the newly established inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concentrates on the error estimation of novel time second‐order splitting conservative finite difference method (FDM) for high‐dimensional nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation rigorously. The discrete preservation property of our scheme is exhibited. By virtue of the cut‐off technique and discrete energy method, it is shown that our scheme possesses the accuracy of O(Δt2+hx2+hy2) in sense of L2‐ norm. Numerical experiments are exhibited to validate the accuracy and conservation property of our scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for subadditive functions via quantum integrals are established. Moreover, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for the product of two subadditive functions are also obtained. It is worth to mentioning that some existing inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for subadditive functions are obtained by considering the limit of the real number q ∈ (0,1) as q → 1− in the key results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first establish two quantum integral (q-integral) identities with the help of derivatives and integrals of the quantum types. Then, we prove some new q-midpoint and q-trapezoidal estimates for the newly established q-Hermite-Hadamard inequality (involving left and right integrals proved by Bermudo et al.) under q-differentiable convex functions. Finally, we provide some examples to illustrate the validity of newly obtained quantum inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we found the error bounds for one of the open Newton–Cotes formulas, namely Milne's formula for differentiable convex functions in the framework of fractional and classical calculus. We also give some mathematical examples to show that the newly established bounds are valid for Milne's formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using the quantum derivatives and quantum integrals, we prove some new quantum Ostrowski's type inequalities for pre-invex functions. Furthermore, in the special cases of newly developed inequalities, we obtain different new and existing Ostrowski's type inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first obtain some q-Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for the product of two convex functions. Then by using the product of two co-ordinated convex functions, we establish new q-Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities. The results in this work generalize several results obtained in earlier studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we conduct a research on a new version of the (p , q) -Hermite–Hadamard inequality for convex functions in the framework of postquantum calculus. Moreover, we derive several estimates for (p , q) -midpoint and (p , q) -trapezoidal inequalities for special (p , q) -differentiable functions by using the notions of left and right (p , q) -derivatives. Our newly obtained inequalities are extensions of some existing inequalities in other studies. Lastly, we consider some mathematical examples for some (p , q) -functions to confirm the correctness of newly established results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we first establish some inclusions of fractional Hermite-Hadamard-Mercer type for intervalvalued functions. Moreover, by special cases of our main results, we show that our main results reduce several inclusions obtained in the earlier works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In both pure and applied mathematics, convex functions are used in many different problems. They are crucial to investigate both linear and non-linear programming issues. Since a convex function is one whose epigraph is a convex set, the theory of convex functions falls under the umbrella of convexity. However, it is a significant theory that affects practically all areas of mathematics. In this paper, we introduce the notions of g , h -convexity or convexity with respect to a pair of functions on co-ordinates and discuss its fundamental properties. Moreover, we establish some novel Hermite–Hadamard- and Ostrowski-type inequalities for newly introduced co-ordinated convexity. Additionally, it is presented that the newly introduced notion of the convexity and given inequalities are generalizations of existing studies in the literature. Lastly, we look at various mathematical examples and graphs to confirm the validity of the newly found inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish some new Newton's type inequalities for differentiable convex functions using the generalized Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. The main edge of the newly established inequalities is that these can be turned into several new and existing inequalities for different fractional integrals like Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals, k -fractional integrals, Katugampola fractional operators, conformable fractional operators, Hadamard fractional operators, and fractional operators with the exponential kernel without proving one by one. It is also shown that the newly established inequalities are the refinements of the previously established inequalities inside the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give the generalized version of the quantum Simpson's and quantum Newton's formula type inequalities via quantum differentiable α , m -convex functions. The main advantage of these new inequalities is that they can be converted into quantum Simpson and quantum Newton for convex functions, Simpson's type inequalities α , m -convex function, and Simpson's type inequalities without proving each separately. These inequalities can be helpful in finding the error bounds of Simpson's and Newton's formulas in numerical integration. Analytic inequalities of this type as well as particularly related strategies have applications for various fields where symmetry plays an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove two identities involving quantum derivatives, quantum integrals, and certain parameters. Using the newly proved identities, we prove new inequalities of Simpson's and Newton's type for quantum differentiable convex functions under certain assumptions. Moreover, we discuss the special cases of our main results and obtain some new and existing Simpson's type inequalities, Newton's type inequalities, midpoint type inequalities, and trapezoidal type inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove a new quantum integral equality involving a parameter, left and right quantum derivatives. Then, we use the newly established equality and prove some new estimates of quantum Ostrowski, quantum midpoint, quantum trapezoidal and quantum Simpson's type inequalities for q-differentiable convex functions. It is also shown that the newly established inequalities are the refinements of the existing inequalities inside the literature. Finally, some examples and applications are given to illustrate the investigated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two generalized quantum integral identities are proved by using some parameters. By utilizing these equalities, we present several parameterized quantum inequalities for convex mappings. These quantum inequalities generalize many of the important inequalities that exist in the literature, such as quantum trapezoid inequalities, quantum Simpson's inequalities, and quantum Newton's inequalities. We also give some new midpoint-type inequalities as special cases. The results in this work naturally generalize the results for the Riemann integral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, first we obtain a new identity for quantum integrals, the result is then used to prove midpoint type inequalities for differentiable coordinated convex mappings. The outcomes provided in this article are an extension of the comparable consequences in the literature on the midpoint inequalities for differentiable coordinated convex mappings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for subadditive functions, and we give some related inequalities according to Hermite-Hadamard inequalities, which generalized the previously published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to introduce I p , q ϱ -derivative and I p , q ϱ -integral for interval-valued functions and discuss their key properties. Also, we prove the I p , q ϱ -Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for interval-valued functions is the development of p , q ϱ -Hermite–Hadamard inequalities by using new defined I p , q ϱ -integral. Moreover, we prove some results for midpoint- and trapezoidal-type inequalities by using the concept of Pompeiu–Hausdorff distance between the intervals. It is also shown that the results presented in this paper are extensions of some of the results already shown in earlier works. The proposed studies produce variants that would be useful for performing in-depth investigations on fractal theory, optimization, and research problems in different applied fields, such as computer science, quantum mechanics, and quantum physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, the authors establish some new Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for harmonically convex functions via generalized fractional integrals. Moreover, the authors prove extensions of the Hermite–Hadamard inequality for harmonically convex functions via generalized fractional integrals without using the harmonic convexity property for the functions. The results offered here are the refinements of the existing results for harmonically convex functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we firstly obtain two identities for multiplicative differentiable functions. Then by using these identities, we establish Ostrowski and Simpson type inequalities for multiplicative integrals. At the end we give detail applications of our main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we established some new inequalities of Ostrowski type for the functions of two variables by using the concept of newly defined double quantum integrals. We also revealed that the results presented in this paper are the consolidation and generalization of some existing results on the literature of Ostrowski inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we offer a new quantum integral identity, the result is then used to obtain some new estimates of Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for quantum integrals. The results presented in this paper are generalizations of the comparable results in the literature on Hermite–Hadamard inequalities. Several inequalities, such as the midpoint-like integral inequality, the Simpson-like integral inequality, the averaged midpoint–trapezoid-like integral inequality, and the trapezoid-like integral inequality, are obtained as special cases of our main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we introduce the notions of (p , q) -derivative and integral for interval-valued functions and discuss their fundamental properties. After that, we prove some new inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard type for interval-valued convex functions employing the newly defined integral and derivative. Moreover, we find the estimates for the newly proved inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard type. It is also shown that the results proved in this study are the generalization of some already proved research in the field of Hermite–Hadamard inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, by using the notion of newly defined q1q2 derivatives and integrals, some new Simpson's type inequalities for coordinated convex functions are proved. The outcomes raised in this paper are extensions and generalizations of the comparable results in the literature on Simpson's inequalities for coordinated convex functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we derive two generalized integral identities involving the q ϰ 2 -quantum integrals and quantum numbers, the results are then used to establish some new quantum boundaries for quantum Simpson's and quantum Newton's inequalities for q-differentiable preinvex functions. Moreover, we obtain some new and known Simpson's and Newton's type inequalities by considering the limit q → 1 − in the key results of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define interval‐valued left‐sided and right‐sided generalized fractional double integrals. We establish inequalities of Hermite‐Hadamard like for coordinated interval‐valued convex functions by applying our newly defined integrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, we demonstrate the quantum version of Montgomery identity for the functions of two variables. Then we use the result to derive some new Ostrowski-type inequalities for the functions of two variables via quantum integrals. We also consider the particular cases of the key results and offer some new integral inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities of convex functions by applying the notion of q b -integral. We prove some new inequalities related with right-hand sides of q b -Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for differentiable functions with convex absolute values of second derivatives. The results presented in this paper are a unification and generalization of the comparable results in the literature on Hermite–Hadamard inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give some new definitions for quantum integrals of two-variable functions. We establish quantum Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for coordinated convex functions via newly defined quantum integrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have established new inequalities of Ostrowski type for co-ordinated convex function by using generalized fractional integral. We have also discussed some special cases of our established results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define a new class of functions called generalized ϕ-convex function. Several variants of Hermite-Hadamard type fractional integral inequalities are presented. This ideas and techniques used in this paper may open new avenues of research and motivate the reader to explore the application of generalized '-convex functions in various branches of pure and applied sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard type for harmonically convex functions using a generalized fractional integral. The results of our paper are an extension of previously obtained results (İşcan in Hacet. J. Math. Stat. 43(6):935–942, 2014 and İşcan and Wu in Appl. Math. Comput. 238:237–244, 2014). We also discuss some special cases for our main results and obtain new inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prove a parameterized fractional integral identity involving differentiable functions. Then, we use the newly established identity to establish some new parameterized fractional Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer-type inequalities for differentiable function. The main benefit of the newly established inequalities is that these inequalities can be converted into some new Mercer inequalities of midpoint type, trapezoidal type, and Simpson's type for differentiable functions. Finally, we show the validation of the results with the help of some mathematical examples and their graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish a generalized fractional integrals identity involving some parameters and differentiable functions. Then, we use the newly established identity and prove different generalized fractional integrals inequalities like midpoint inequalities, trapezoidal inequalities and Simpson's inequalities for differentiable convex functions. Finally, we give some applications of newly established inequalities in the context of quadrature formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prove a new (p , q) -integral identity involving a (p , q) -derivative and (p , q) -integral. The newly established identity is then used to show some new Simpson's formula type inequalities for (p , q) -differentiable convex functions. Finally, the newly discovered results are shown to be refinements of comparable results in the literature. Analytic inequalities of this type, as well as the techniques used to solve them, have applications in a variety of fields where symmetry is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the past to the present, various works have been dedicated to Simpson's inequality for differentiable convex functions. Simpson-type inequalities for twice-differentiable functions have been the subject of some research. In this paper, we establish a new generalized fractional integral identity involving twice-differentiable functions, then we use this result to prove some new Simpson's-formula-type inequalities for twice-differentiable convex functions. Furthermore, we examine a few special cases of newly established inequalities and obtain several new and old Simpson's-formula-type inequalities. These types of analytic inequalities, as well as the methodologies for solving them, have applications in a wide range of fields where symmetry is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer inequalities, which is a new version of the Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for harmonically convex functions. We also prove Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer-type inequalities for functions whose first derivatives in absolute value are harmonically convex. Finally, we discuss how special means can be used to address newly discovered inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish some new Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for preinvex functions and left-right estimates of newly established inequalities for p , q -differentiable preinvex functions in the context of p , q -calculus. We also show that the results established in this paper are generalizations of comparable results in the literature of integral inequalities. Analytic inequalities of this nature and especially the techniques involved have applications in various areas in which symmetry plays a prominent role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum information theory, an interdisciplinary field that includes computer science, information theory, philosophy, cryptography, and entropy, has various applications for quantum calculus. Inequalities and entropy functions have a strong association with convex functions. In this study, we prove quantum midpoint type inequalities, quantum trapezoidal type inequalities, and the quantum Simpson's type inequality for differentiable convex functions using a new parameterized q-integral equality. The newly formed inequalities are also proven to be generalizations of previously existing inequities. Finally, using the newly established inequalities, we present some applications for quadrature formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we use quantum integrals to derive Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for preinvex functions and demonstrate their validity with mathematical examples. We use the q ϰ 2 -quantum integral to show midpoint and trapezoidal inequalities for q ϰ 2 -differentiable preinvex functions. Furthermore, we demonstrate with an example that the previously proved Hermite–Hadamard-type inequality for preinvex functions via q ϰ 1 -quantum integral is not valid for preinvex functions, and we present its proper form. We use q ϰ 1 -quantum integrals to show midpoint inequalities for q ϰ 1 -differentiable preinvex functions. It is also demonstrated that by considering the limit q → 1 − and η ϰ 2 , ϰ 1 = − η ϰ 1 , ϰ 2 = ϰ 2 − ϰ 1 in the newly derived results, the newly proved findings can be turned into certain known results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the notions of post-quantum integrals for two-variable interval-valued functions are presented. The newly described integrals are then used to prove some new Hermite–Hadamard inclusions for co-ordinated convex interval-valued functions. Many of the findings in this paper are important extensions of previous findings in the literature. Finally, we present a few examples of our new findings. Analytic inequalities of this nature and especially the techniques involved have applications in various areas in which symmetry plays a prominent role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]