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We study the impact of black hole nuclear activity on both the global and radial star formation rate (SFR) profiles in X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the field of miniJPAS, the precursor of the much wider J-PAS project. Our sample includes 32 AGN with z < 0.3 detected via the XMM-Newton and Chandra surveys. For comparison, we assembled a control sample of 71 star-forming (SF) galaxies with similar magnitudes, sizes, and redshifts. To derive the global properties of both the AGN and the control SF sample, we used CIGALE to fit the spectral energy distributions derived from the 56 narrowband and 4 broadband filters from miniJPAS. We find that AGN tend to reside in more massive galaxies than their SF counterparts. After matching samples based on stellar mass and comparing their SFRs and specific SFRs (sSFRs), no significant differences appear. This suggests that the presence of AGN does not strongly influence overall star formation. However, when we used miniJPAS as an integral field unit (IFU) to dissect galaxies along their position angle, a different picture emerges. We find that AGN tend to be more centrally concentrated in mass with respect to SF galaxies. Moreover, we find a suppression of the sSFR up to 1Re and then an enhancement beyond 1Re, strongly contrasting with the decreasing radial profile of sSFRs in SF galaxies. This could point to an inside-out quenching of AGN host galaxies. Additionally, we examined how the radial profiles of the sSFRs in AGN and SF galaxies depend on galaxy morphology, by dividing our sample into disk-dominated (DD), pseudo-bulge (PB), and bulge-dominated (BD) systems. In DD systems, AGN exhibit a flat sSFR profile in the central regions and enhanced star formation beyond 1Re, contrasting with SF galaxies. In PB systems, SF galaxies show a decreasing sSFR profile, while AGN hosts exhibit an inside-out quenching scenario. In BD systems, both populations demonstrate consistent flat sSFR profiles. These findings suggest that the reason we do not see differences on a global scale is because star formation is suppressed in the central regions and enhanced in the outer regions of AGN host galaxies. While limited in terms of sample size, this work highlights the potential of the upcoming J-PAS as a wide-field low-resolution IFU for thousands of nearby galaxies and AGN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case: A 59-year-old woman presented with progressively worsening neck pain and radicular symptoms. Cervical radiographs revealed C1-C2 dynamic instability. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic angiogram revealed an anomalous right vertebral artery with intracanal trajectory at C1. A unilateral left C1-C2 fusion with a C1 lateral mass screw and C2 transarticular screw placement was performed due to the anomalous artery. At 14-month follow-up, the patient's cervical symptoms had resolved. Conclusion: In this patient with an aberrant vertebral artery who was indicated for C1-C2 fusion, a unilateral contralateral fusion with a C1 lateral mass screw and C2 transarticular screw was a satisfactory treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We adopt a Bayesian X-ray spectral approach to investigate the accretion properties of unobscured (⁠|$20\lt \log (N_{\rm H}/{\rm cm}^{-2}\lt 22$|⁠) and obscured (⁠|$22\lt \log (N_{\rm H}/{\rm cm}^{-2}\lt 24$|⁠) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to shed light on the orientation versus evolution scenarios for the origin of the obscuring material. For a sample of 3882 X-ray-selected AGN from the Chandra COSMOS Legacy, AEGIS, and CDFS extragalactic surveys, we constrain their stellar masses, |$M_\star$|⁠ , intrinsic X-ray luminosities, |$L_{\rm X}$|⁠ , obscuring column densities, |$N_{\rm H}$|⁠ , and specific accretion rates |$\lambda \propto L_{\rm X}/M_\star$|⁠. By combining these observables within a Bayesian non-parametric approach, we infer, for the first time, the specific accretion rate distribution (SARD) of obscured and unobscured AGN to |$z\approx 3$|⁠ , i.e. the probability of a galaxy with mass |$M_\star$| at redshift z hosting an AGN with column density |$N_{\rm H}$| and specific accretion rate |$\lambda$|⁠. Our findings indicate that (1) both obscured and unobscured SARDs share similar shapes, shifting towards higher accretion rates with redshift, (2) unobscured SARDs exhibit a systematic offset towards higher |$\lambda$| compared to obscured SARD for all redshift intervals, (3) the obscured AGN fraction declines sharply at |$\log \lambda _{\rm break} \sim -2$| for |$z \lt 0.5$|⁠ , but shifts to higher |$\lambda$| values with increasing redshift, (4) the incidence of AGN within the theoretically unstable blow-out region of the |$\lambda -N_{\rm H}$| plane increases with redshift. These observations provide compelling evidence for AGN 'downsizing' and radiation-regulated nuclear-scale obscuration with an increasing host galaxy contribution towards higher redshifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of decompression with fusion or decompression alone for management of degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is controversial. Advantages of fusion include a potentially reduced rate of revision surgery; however, fusion has also been shown to be associated with increased rates of postoperative complications, length, complexity, and cost of surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in perioperative outcomes of lumbar DS patients treated with decompression and fusion versus decompression alone. Retrospective cohort study of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). A total of 1,299 patients underwent a lumbar laminectomy or laminotomy without fusion or lumbar laminectomy or laminotomy with fusion from 2015 to 2020. 935 (72%) underwent a laminectomy or laminotomy without fusion and 364 (28%) underwent a laminectomy or laminotomy with fusion. Mean age in the laminectomy or laminotomy without fusion cohort was 72.8 ± 5.7 years versus 73.1 ± 5.7 years in the laminectomy or laminotomy with fusion cohort. There were 373 males, 562 females in the nonfusion cohort and 134 males, 230 females in the fusion cohort. Estimated 30-day mortality and morbidity, reintubation, reoperation, readmission, length of stay in the hospital, deep wound infection, pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, urinary tract infection, myocardial infarction, bleeding requiring transfusion, stroke, sepsis, renal failure, cardiac arrest, superficial infection, and renal insufficiency. Inclusion criteria were adults ≥ 65 years of age who presented with spondylolisthesis of the lumbar or lumbosacral region (ICD10: M43.16 and M43.17) and had undergone surgical procedures including laminectomy, laminotomy (CPT codes 63047, 63030) with or without fusion (CPT code 22612). 30-day postop complication data and American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status classification were evaluated through Chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, with results further stratified according to ASA classification using ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey and Chi-square analyses. Patients undergoing decompression with fusion had higher mean mortality (estimated probability 0.003 vs 0.002, p=0.021), morbidity (estimated probability 0.041 vs 0.037, p<0.001), mean length of stay (4.0 ± 5.9 d vs 2.9 ± 5.3 d, p< 0.001), bleeding risk necessitating transfusion (9.6% vs 5.9%, p< 0.017), and cardiac arrest (0.0% vs 0.5%, p=0.023). Stratification by ASA scores demonstrated an overall higher rate of 30-day postoperative complications associated with increasing ASA score for both cohorts, with a correspondingly greater increase in complications in the decompression and fusion cohort relative to decompression alone patients within each ASA group. In patients undergoing surgery for lumbar DS, decompression with fusion is associated with higher estimated mortality, morbidity, and risk of immediate postoperative complications, including bleeding risk necessitating transfusion, cardiac arrest requiring CPR and longer length of stay relative to decompression alone in the first 30 days after surgery. These findings suggest consideration of decompression alone as an appealing treatment option for lumbar DS, particularly for patients with higher ASA scores and those at higher risk for postoperative complications. This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PRMT5 is an essential arginine methyltransferase and a therapeutic target in MTAP -null cancers. PRMT5 uses adaptor proteins for substrate recruitment through a previously undefined mechanism. Here, we identify an evolutionarily conserved peptide sequence shared among the three known substrate adaptors (CLNS1A, RIOK1, and COPR5) and show that it is necessary and sufficient for interaction with PRMT5. We demonstrate that PRMT5 uses modular adaptor proteins containing a common binding motif for substrate recruitment, comparable with other enzyme classes such as kinases and E3 ligases. We structurally resolve the interface with PRMT5 and show via genetic perturbation that it is required for methylation of adaptor-recruited substrates including the spliceosome, histones, and ribosomal complexes. Furthermore, disruption of this site affects Sm spliceosome activity, leading to intron retention. Genetic disruption of the PRMT5-substrate adaptor interface impairs growth of MTAP -null tumor cells and is thus a site for development of therapeutic inhibitors of PRMT5. [Display omitted] • Identified PRMT5 binding motif (PBM) for recruitment of substrate adaptors to PRMT5 • The PBM is required for methylation of select PRMT5 substrates • Mutation of the PBM leads to decreased Sm complex activity and detained introns • Mutation of the PBM leads to decreased viability in cancer cells Mulvaney et al. identify how substrate adaptor proteins recruit substrates to PRMT5 for methylation, akin to F box proteins and E3 ligases. Substrate recruitment motifs for protein arginine methyltransferases are largely uncharacterized. Moreover, this interaction site is required for select substrate methylation and viability in cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of minimally invasive techniques, minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) has become a realistic option for many spine cases. This study aims to evaluate the operative and clinical outcomes of MISS for total versus subtotal tumor resection from current evidence. A literature search was performed using the search term (Minimally invasive surgery OR MIS) AND (spine tumor OR spinal tumor). Studies including both minimally invasive total and subtotal resection cases with operative or clinical data were included. Seven studies describing 159 spinal tumor cases were included. Compared with total resection, subtotal resection showed no significant differences in surgical time (mean difference (MD), 9.44 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], –47.66 to 66.55 minutes; P = 0.37), surgical blood loss (MD, –84.72 mL; 95% CI, –342.82 to 173.39 mL; P = 0.34), length of stay (MD, 1.38 days; 95% CI, –0.95 to 3.71 days; P = 0.17), and complication rate (odds ratio, 9.47; 95% CI, 0.34–263.56; P = 0.12). Pooled analyses with the random-effects model showed that neurologic function improved in 89% of patients undergoing total resection, whereas neurologic function improved in 61% of patients undergoing subtotal resection. Our analyses show that there is no significant difference in operative outcomes between total and subtotal resection. Patients undergoing total resection showed slightly better improvement in neurologic outcomes compared with patients undergoing subtotal resection. Overall, this study suggests that both total and subtotal resection may result in comparable outcomes for patients with spinal tumors. However, maximal safe resection remains the ideal treatment because it provides the greatest chance of long-term benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]