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Abstract: This paper treats the vortex shedding phenomenon of a savonius wind turbine, whose knowledge is primordial in correctly calculating the airloads on the blades. The specific aim being to numerically predict the disposition and geometry of the vortical structures in the wake of the savonius rotor whose existence has been visualised by a number of experimentalists. In the numerical approach, the blade is represented by discrete bound vortices while the wake is generated in a time stepping calculation as an emission of free vortices. The calculations are enhanced by the Newmann boundary condition coupled to the Kutta–Joukowsky condition and the Kelvin's theorem for the conservation of circulation. The convection of the vortices in the wake is accomplished through a predictor corrector integration scheme. A code has been developed which predicts the wake structure to be in good agreement with the experimental visualizations: For low tip speed ratios, the wake consists of a series of three discrete vortical structures while at higher tip speed ratios, the characteristic structure is the presences of a central vortex. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to numerically explore the non-linear two-dimensional unsteady potential flow over a Savonius rotor and to develop a code for predicting its aerodynamics performances. In the model developed, the rotor is represented in a median plane by two semicircles, displaced along their common diameter. The two semicircles can be considered to produce lifting effects. As a result, they are modelled by a collection of discrete vortices on their contours. The flow field is then governed by the Laplace equation. The versatile Neumann boundary condition, applied over the contour of the semicircles and the Kutta Joukowsky condition applied at the four extremities of the semicircles have been used in the modelling. The torque distribution of the stationary rotor and the unsteady pressure field on the blades of the rotating rotor, predicted by the code developed, have been compared and validated by some experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines are closely related to the geometry of their blades. The innovation and the technological development of wind turbine blades can be centred on two tendencies. The first is to improve the shape of existing blades; the second is to design new shapes of blades. The aspiration in the two cases is to achieve an optimal circulation and hence enhancing some more ambitious aerodynamic characteristics. This paper presents an inverse design procedure, which can be adapted to both thin and thick wind turbine blade sections aiming to optimise the geometry for a prescribed distribution of bound vortices. A method for simulating the initial contour of the blade section is exposed, which simultaneously satisfy the aerodynamic and geometrical constraints under nominal conditions. A detailed definition of the function characterising the bound vortex distribution is presented. The inviscid velocity field and potential function distributions are obtained by the singularities method. In the design method implemented, these distributions and the circulation of bound vortices on the camber line of the blade profile, are used to rectify its camber in an iterative calculation leading to the final and optimal form of the blade section once convergence is attained. The scheme proposed has been used to design the entire blade of the wind turbine for a given span-wise distribution of bound circulation around the blade contour. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines are closely related to the geometry of their blade profiles. The innovation and the technological development of wind turbine blade profiles can be centred on two tendencies. The first is to improve the shape of the existing airfoils and the second is to design new shapes of airfoils in order to get some more ambitious aerodynamic characteristics and enhanced performance.The aim of this paper is to develop an accurate airfoil analysis lower order code, based on the singularities method, for wind turbine applications. The 2D incompressible potential flow model has been used. In the implementation of the singularities method, source–vortex distributions over the airfoil contour are used to compute the flow characteristics. The accuracy and the validity of the results have been tested using experimental data obtained from Wind Turbine Airfoil Catalogue “Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, August 2001” and have shown considerable agreement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To implement the European Union (EU)-Africa Green Energy Initiative in Cameroon to boost the renewable energy sector, we model the performance of a 500 W monocrystalline solar panel in major cities of Cameroon located in different climatic zones to select the best location for the installation of a solar farm. We also evaluate the contribution of seasonal and weather variability to the amount and stability of power generated by the panel using the artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model was used to train and test the ERA5 hourly data for Bamenda. The model was then used to estimate Photovoltaic (PV) output in Douala, Yaounde, Ngaoundere, Garoua, and Maroua with a mean absolute error of 4.109 × 10−5, 4.699 × 10−5, 3.563 × 10−5, 3.106 × 10−5, and 3.083 × 10−5 kW, respectively. The results show that the ANN can capture the influence of weather variability on the generated output power. Cloud cover and rainfall are found to negatively affect the amount and stability of generated power in the lower latitude cities of Douala and Yaounde compared to the northern cities, with these effects being stronger in the rainy season than in the dry season. Garoua followed by Maroua are proving to be the best locations for installing a solar park in terms of the amount and stability of electricity generated throughout the year. The Cameroonian government, its EU partners, and other stakeholders involved in the development of solar energy in the country will be able to use the results of this study for better decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, there exist few numerical methods which treat the inverse problem for the determination of the geometry of wind turbine blades. In this work, authors intend to solve the inverse optimum project for horizontal axis wind turbine in which the selection of the circulation distribution is obtained by resolving two variational problems: the first consists in sorting the circulation distribution on the lifting line, which, for a given power extracted by the wind turbine, minimizes the loses due to the induced velocity. In the second, the optimal circulation distribution is selected such that the kinetic energy of the wind downstream of the rotor disc is minimum, when the energy extracted by the wind turbine for one rotating period is imposed. A code has been developed which incorporates the real pitch of the helicoidal vortex wake. Very promising results have been obtained: the circulation distribution for a given extracted power and the chord lengths distribution law along the blade span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the soaring of fuel prices and the increase of environmental issues, research in the field of wind power has known a significant growth around the world. The new concept of the Turbosail has been introduced, but did not reach the practical use stage. Despite its practical interest, little work has been conducted on the Turbosail in the recent years. The aim of this paper is to develop an accurate numerical code, based on the singularities method, for the Turbosail analysis and applications. The effects of thickness, suction and flap deflections on the aerodynamics performances of Turbosail profile are studied. The simulation results show that the flap plays an important role in increasing the lift. On the other hand, at high deflection angles, it is generally ineffective for drag reduction. It is found that the suction decreases significantly the drag and causes a little increase in lift. The main conclusion is that, the incorporation of the flap and the suction effect doubly enhance the Turbosail efficiency by increasing its lift and reducing its drag respectively. These results are very important and provide the impetus for developing; the simple design equations and applications for the Turbosail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of attracting concepts has been the use of Turbosail principle to produce lift from aspirated cylinders with flap in various engineering applications. The Emerging of the Turbosail principle in wind turbine technology is promising to develop and to design innovative devices. The objective of this project paper is to develop an efficient numerical code, for the prediction of the aerodynamic characteristics of Turbosail type wind turbine with very thick aspirated profiles. A vortex model has been treated based on the lifting line theory. The results predicted by the code developed, have been compared and validated by some numerical and experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]