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Background: Infant mortality is an important health indicator of a population given its strong link to socioeconomic status, health service access, and quality and maternal health. The declining trend of Infant Mortality Rate has been observed in India where it reduced from 89 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 28 deaths per 1000d live births in 2019. Most of the studies regarding the trend of infant mortality are state-based, however, state-level infant mortality has masked the intradistrict clustering of individual infant deaths. Hence, this study was planned with an objective to study the trend of infant mortality at the district level. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the district Rohtak of Haryana using the data collected regarding infant deaths. The collected data regarding addresses were geocoded. The resulting layer was then analyzed using QGIS v3.10. The descriptive data was analyzed using SPSS v20.0. Result: In total, 1336 infant deaths during the study period were included. A declining trend of infant mortality was observed over the study period. The number of grids (25 km2) reduced from 18 in 2016 to 10 in 2019 depicting a reduction in the areas with more than expected count. Conclusion: This study emphasizes on the importance of using the geographic information science technique in identifying local hotspots within the district so as to find areas that need more support and observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Husband and wife as a couple are fully responsible for their current and future. In our society, the husband is mostly responsible for making the decision regarding any expenses. In India, there is a need to reduce the maternal mortality rate, and Husband’s involvement in antenatal care could be a key to success as it will enable them to support their partner in adequate preparation for birth and to utilize emergency obstetric care early if complications arise. Aim and Objectives: To find out about male involvement in the utilization of maternal healthcare services by their spouse and various factors affecting male involvement in the utilization of maternal healthcare services. Methods: This study was conducted in urban and rural field practice areas attached to the Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak. The study included 400 couples where 200 each were recruited from rural and urban areas. Out of 17 subcenters under CHC Chiri eight, subcenters were selected randomly by lottery method. A line list of these couples was prepared at each subcenter using ANC and birth register. Couples were enrolled from this line list till a sample size of 25 was reached at each of these eight subcenters. In this way, a total of 200 couples were enrolled from rural areas in which women delivered and availed maternal health services in the last 6 months. In urban areas, an equal number of couples were enrolled from each of these three urban health posts till the sample size of 200 was reached in an urban area. Results: The majority of the husbands (73%) reported that they participated in their wives’ utilization of maternal health services. Twenty‑seven percent did not participate in their wives’ utilization of maternal health services. It also showed that 71.0% of the husbands did not know about the investigations that needed to be performed during a woman’s pregnancy. Only 29% were aware of it. On analysis, it was observed that 73% of the husbands had good participation in their spouses’ maternal and child health (MCH) care, while the rest had poor participation (27%). It also showed that as the education level of the participants’ husbands increased, their participation in their spouses’ MCH care increased, with the highest being observed among graduates (91.3%) and the lowest among those with primary schooling level education (66.7%) which were statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents are being involved in aggressive activities nowadays. Sometimes, involvement in aggressive activities may be fatal for the victim as well as for the doer. It is a matter of great concern for all including parents, teachers, psychologists, social reformers, and others. A momentary expression of anger sometimes may spoil the future life of the adolescents. Aim and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of aggression and to identify the psychosocial risk factors associated with aggression among school-going adolescents. Methodology: The study recruited 480 school-going rural adolescents from eight government senior secondary schools in the rural block of Beri, district Jhajjar (Haryana). Observations: The mean age of the adolescents was 14.11 ± 1.12 years; 49.4% of the adolescents were found to be aggressive. After applying binary logistic regression, there was a statistically significant relation between aggression and determinants like class, gender, occupation of the father. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study concluded that determinants like age, class of students, gender of the subject, occupation of father found a significant association with aggression. To solve this current situation, parents must give love, attention to their children and must act in an appropriate way in front of them and be role models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Covid -19 disease is caused by novel coronavirus known as SARS CoV 2. Coronaviruses are known to cause disease in humans which can be a common cold or a serious pneumonia. SARS Cov 2 is a new variant of coronavirus which was never reported in humans before detection of cluster of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan on 31st December, 2019.Objective: The study was conducted with the objective to find out clinico- epidemiological profiles of early Covid-19 patients in state of Haryana, India and to find out knowledge about covid appropriate behaviors among covid 19 patients. Methods: All the covid-19 cases in the five districts of Haryana were enumerated from March 2020 to May 2020. These Covid-19 cases were contacted telephonically and those who gave their consent to participate in the study were asked to fill interview schedule. Observations: There were 356 covid cases reported in five districts attached to PGIMS, Rohtak. Out of total, 254 subjects participated in the study, there were 60.6 % males and 39.4% females who participated in the study. Blood groups of all the participants were also enquired and it was observed that B +ve was most common (19.7%) blood group followed by A+ve (16.5%) and O +ve (15.7%). Conclusion: It can be concluded by the study that majority of the subjects were males, overweight and blood group A & B were the most common blood groups. It was observed that 75.2 % participants were aware about the use of mask, social distancing, hand hygiene and cough etiquettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: WHO indicates that India has the highest burden of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in the world, contributing to 25% of the total global cases, with 220 million children aged 1–14 estimated to be at risk. Aim and Objective: To study the association between the socioeconomic factors and STHs among primary school children in a rural area of Haryana. Methodology: The study was conducted among children aged 6–10 years studying in the rural government primary schools in the rural areas of Haryana. A total of 300 children were enrolled from government school. Results: The study found that the prevalence of helminthiasis was 28.7% (86/300) and of these 14.0% children were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides and sex wise association with Helminthic infection was observed as statistically nonsignificant. One third of the (31.39%; 27/86) children were pallor and 5.81% subjects were having Bitot's spot while 13.95% children were having constitutional symptoms such as weakness, 6.97% subjects have fatigue, and 5.81% children have body ache. Discussion: The morbidity can be reduced with appropriate inputs to improve the environmental factors. This may need investment for sanitary latrines, food hygiene, and safe drinking water, anti-helminthic drugs, and health education. Conclusion and Recommendations: The results of the study concluded and recommended that proper implementation of national deworming day and other long-term strategies like sanitation, clean drinking water, adequate sanitation, and also improvement in nutritional status through various nutritional health programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the world, helminthiasis is the major public health problem in school-age children. More than 60 million school-age children live in intensively transmitted areas and they need immediate treatment and preventive interventions. Methodology: The study was conducted in the rural government schools of Block Beri, District Jhajjar (Haryana), India, and the study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design. The study recruited 300 school-going children in the age group of 6–10 years. Results: In this study, the mean age of subjects was 7.68 ± 1.467 years and prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths was 28.7%. The association between practice of hand washing and practice of washing fruits and vegetables with helminthic children were found statistically significant. Conclusion and Recommendation: Impart health education among community through primary care physician about wash hands before eating food and after defecation, washed thoroughly raw and uncooked food before eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Swine flu caused by influenza virus and it’s a respiratory disease of pigs. The people like farmers and pork processors working in close proximity with pigs are at higher risk of getting swine flu. In India, a total of 117 deaths and 1,154 cases have been reported in the first two months of year 2018. Objectives: To assess the community perception about Swine flu among adults in an urban slum of District Rohtak. Methodology: The study was a community based epidemiological study with cross-sectional design and carried out by visiting house to house. The study recruited 500 adults of age 18-60 years. Results: The study found that there was no significant difference between gender and age with heard of swine flu while education wise (p= 0.002) and caste wise (p=0.011) awareness of swine flu was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study concluded that the majority of subjects heard about swine flu and majority of subjects said that swine flu spread after coughing or sneezing. The study recommends that health care functionaries should spread awareness about signs and symptoms of swine flu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dengue infection has become a major global public health problem and 40% of the world's population living in an area at risk for dengue and causing nearly 400 million infections every year. There is no specific treatment for dengue, but if there is proper case management then case fatality rates can be below 1%. Aim and Objectives: To study the knowledge and practice about dengue fever in a rural community of Haryana. Methodology: The study recruited 400 adults (15-60 years) and all subjects were selected randomly from survey registers of eight anganwadi centres and data was collected by visiting house to house. Results: The association between demographic variables and knowledge about dengue fever and found out that only caste wise and socio-economic wise were found to be statistically significant rest associations were found to be statistically non-significant. Conclusion and Recommendations: There is a need of hour to make rural people aware of symptoms of DF and different preventive methods through mass media like television, newspapers, internet, social media etc or audio visual aids or through primary care physician [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]