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In this work, we have extensively examined the adsorption and sensing capabilities of C3N nanosheets for aromatic benzene and nitrobenzene detection by doping Pt atoms to modify their surface reactivity. The binding energy for Pt-decorated C3N was determined to be -4.38 eV, which indicates its great stability for adsorption reactions. The Pt4 cluster decorated C3N also shows a large binding energy of -6.44 eV. After C3N doping with Pt atom, the modified nanosheet reveals semiconducting character, indicating the suitability of the substrate for adsorption and sensing studies. The adsorption energies for the most stable structures of nitrobenzene and benzene molecules on the Pt-C3N nanosheet are − 1.16 eV and − 0.93 eV, respectively, indicating the stronger adsorption of nitrobenzene on the surface than the benzene. Thus, the Pt atoms adsorbed to the C3N surface significantly increases the adsorption energy and performance of C3N towards benzene and nitrobenzene molecules. Based on CDD maps, a substantial charge redistribution happens between the Pt-C3N and adsorbed molecules, indicating the dominant effect of adsorption on the electronic properties. The noticeable peak overlaps between the Pt and O atoms demonstrate strong orbital hybridization and chemical bonding between these atoms. Our theoretical results indicate the crucial importance of Pt modified C3N nanosheets in practical applications for benzene and nitrobenzene detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organosilicon chemistry is a valuable branch of chemistry science, particularly in organic synthesis, because compounds containing carbon–silicon (C–Si) bonds are valuable in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Copper catalysts have emerged as a pivotal tool in the formation of carbon–silicon bonds, offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional methods. The use of copper in catalyzing these reactions is advantageous due to its abundant availability and cost-effectiveness compared to other precious metals. Recent advancements have demonstrated that copper-catalyzed reactions are not only versatile but also exhibit high degrees of regio- and enantioselectivity, making them highly desirable for complex organic synthesis. The ability of copper to facilitate the formation of C(sp3)–Si bonds is particularly noteworthy, as these bonds are integral in the development of pharmaceuticals and in the synthesis of silicon-containing organic compounds, which are valuable in materials science. Moreover, the mild reaction conditions, coupled with the low toxicity of copper catalysts, align well with the principles of green chemistry, further underscoring the benefits of this approach. This review outlines the recent applications of copper catalysts (from 2010 to 2024) in the preparation of organosilicon compounds by substitution reactions and by addition reactions to imine, aldehyde and C=C double bonds.Graphical Abstract: Organosilicon chemistry is a valuable branch of chemistry science, particularly in organic synthesis, because compounds containing carbon–silicon (C–Si) bonds are valuable in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. Copper catalysts have emerged as a pivotal tool in the formation of carbon–silicon bonds, offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional methods. The use of copper in catalyzing these reactions is advantageous due to its abundant availability and cost-effectiveness compared to other precious metals. Recent advancements have demonstrated that copper-catalyzed reactions are not only versatile but also exhibit high degrees of regio- and enantioselectivity, making them highly desirable for complex organic synthesis. The ability of copper to facilitate the formation of C(sp3)–Si bonds is particularly noteworthy, as these bonds are integral in the development of pharmaceuticals and in the synthesis of silicon-containing organic compounds, which are valuable in materials science. Moreover, the mild reaction conditions, coupled with the low toxicity of copper catalysts, align well with the principles of green chemistry, further underscoring the benefits of this approach. This review outlines the recent applications of copper catalysts (from 2010 to 2024) in the preparation of organosilicon compounds by substitution reactions and by addition reactions to imine, aldehyde and C=C double bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to many investigations, persistent oral infections may be caused by oral pathogenic biofilms. Irritation of soft tissues and subsequent bone resorption due to bacterial biofilm contamination of the implant further worsen oral health. Dental problems may be effectively treated using metal nanoparticles (NPs) because they limit the development of many different types of bacteria. With their low toxicity, X-ray sensitivity, high atomic number, near-infrared driven semiconductor qualities, and cheap cost, multifunctional bismuth (Bi) NPs with therapeutic activities show significant potential for the domains of bacterial infection diagnostics and treatment. Also, by directly communicating with the bacterial cell wall, stimulating intracellular effects, inhibiting biofilm formation, producing reactive oxygen species, and inducing adaptive and innate immune responses, BiNPs offer an alternative to conventional antibiotics for treating bacteria with multiple drug resistance (MDR). Hence, BiNPs, which have more antibacterial activity and fewer side effects than chlorhexidine, might be a promising option to fight biofilm-forming bacteria in the mouth. This could lead to their usage in several areas of dentistry. The research delves into the many synthesis techniques of BiNPs and their antibacterial and anticancer capabilities. Next, we'll review how this nanoparticle has helped with dental infections, periodontitis, and dental implant problems. The anticancer effects of BiNPs on oral cancer were also studied. Thus, after this paper, we have highlighted the therapeutic limits and ways to address this issue for the clinical success of BiNPs in promoting oral and dental health. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nanoparticles can be designed for early cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) detection. • Nanomaterials are used as the modifiers on the sensor for signal intensification. • Having the large surface area in nanoparticles can result effective immobilization. • The use of different type of nanoparticles for CVD detection was discussed. • AuNPs have been used more than other nanoparticles in CVD biosensors. Early detection and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are crucial for patient survival and long-term health. CVD biomarkers such as cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), Galectin-3 (Gal-3), etc are released into the circulation following heart muscle injury, ie, acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Biosensor technology including the use of nanoparticles can be designed to target specific biomarkers associated with CVD, enabling early detection and more rapid intervention to decrease morbidity and mortality. To date, with the combination of developed nanoparticles, several optical and electrochemical-based biosensors have successfully been used detection of CVD biomarkers. Nanomaterials, when introduced as the modifiers of sensor surfaces like electrodes and gold chips, can result in the more comprehensive and more effective immobilization of capture molecules, ie, antibodies, aptamers and other ligands, due to their large surface area. In recent years, inorganic nanoparticles have regularly been used in the production of biosensors mostly due to their excellent response intensification, adaptable functionalization chemistry, shape control, good biocompatibility, and great stability. In this review, we discuss the application of different kinds of nanoparticles for the sensitive and specific detection of CVD biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper developed the predictive modeling of substance concentration (C) utilizing the input parameters x and y , for analysis of adsorption process. Employing three distinct machine learning models—Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), polynomial regression (PR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—the study investigates the efficacy of models in capturing the relationships between the inputs and output. The models are trained from data obtained from mass transfer calculations for removal of solute from solution via porous adsorbent. Furthermore, the hyper-parameters for each model are optimized through the utilization of the Political Optimizer (PO). The Multilayer Perceptron model emerges as a standout performer, showcasing an exceptional R-squared score of 0.9981, indicative of a robust fit to the data. Complemented by impressively low MAE and MSE values (7.94043E-01 and 2.0420E+00, respectively), the MLP model attests to its ability to provide accurate predictions and discern underlying patterns within the dataset. The polynomial regression model, while slightly trailing behind the MLP in terms of R-squared score (0.95929), revealed commendable predictive performance. Support Vector Machine also proves to be a formidable contender, boasting a robust R-squared score of 0.96055. • Computational investigations on adsorption using porous adsorbents. • Combination of ML and CFD for modeling solute adsorption. • Validation and training of the models using obtained CFD data. • Multilayer Perceptron model showed the best accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Tetracycline (TC) is a widespread environmental pollutant from extensive agricultural and medical use. • Exploring graphene, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots as diverse nanomaterials for environmental applications. • Focus on adsorptive removal, photocatalytic degradation, and electrochemical sensing to reduce TC contamination. • Challenges for carbon nanomaterials in remediation include scalability, cost, and environmental production impact. • Future monitoring of tetracycline contamination involves new techniques and detection improvements with carbon nanomaterials. The widespread use of tetracycline (TC), a pivotal antibiotic in modern medicine, has raised concerns about its persistence and accumulation in the environment, necessitating efficient removal, degradation, and detection strategies. This review explores recent advancements in utilizing carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to address these challenges. CNMs exhibit exceptional properties—high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and superior electrical and optical characteristics—that make them ideal for TC remediation. The review details the adsorption-based removal of TC by CNMs, highlighting the role of functional groups and structural features in enhancing efficiency. It also examines photodegradation mechanisms, where CNMs act as photocatalysts generating reactive oxygen species to degrade TC under light irradiation. Furthermore, the electrochemical detection of TC using CNMs is discussed, emphasizing the materials' conductivity and sensitivity for environmental and biomedical applications. While the potential of CNMs is evident, challenges such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact persist. Finally, future research directions are proposed to optimize CNM synthesis, improve functionality, and ensure sustainable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]